{ "id": 4348411, "name": "TYSON DAVIS, BY AND THROUGH HIS GUARDIAN BETTY GHOLSTON AND BETTY GHOLSTON INDIVIDUALLY, Plaintiffs v. CUMBERLAND COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendant", "name_abbreviation": "Davis ex rel. Gholston v. Cumberland County Board of Education", "decision_date": "2011-12-20", "docket_number": "No. COA10-1559", "first_page": "582", "last_page": "589", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "217 N.C. App. 582" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "664 S.E.2d 13", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12641572 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "15" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/664/0013-01" ] }, { "cite": "144 S.E.2d 831", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "834" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "265 N.C. 691", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8576807 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "694-95" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/265/0691-01" ] }, { "cite": "468 S.E.2d 501", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "503", "parenthetical": "holding that prior incidents of injuiy to patrons are proper to consider in determining breach of duty" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "121 N.C. App. 649", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11919424 ], "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "652", "parenthetical": "holding that prior incidents of injuiy to patrons are proper to consider in determining breach of duty" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/121/0649-01" ] }, { "cite": "516 S.E.2d 643", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "646", "parenthetical": "finding issue of fact precluding summary judgment when plaintiff presented evidence \"that other stores in the area did not stack their merchandise as high as Defendant stacked its merchandise\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "134 N.C. App. 158", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11143479 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "162", "parenthetical": "finding issue of fact precluding summary judgment when plaintiff presented evidence \"that other stores in the area did not stack their merchandise as high as Defendant stacked its merchandise\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/134/0158-01" ] }, { "cite": "436 S.E.2d 878", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "883", "parenthetical": "holding that evidence of signs, railings, and stairways constructed around waterfall after fatality were inadmissible under Rule 407" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "112 N.C. App. 739", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523763 ], "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "746", "parenthetical": "holding that evidence of signs, railings, and stairways constructed around waterfall after fatality were inadmissible under Rule 407" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/112/0739-01" ] }, { "cite": "410 F. App'x 630", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. App'x", "case_ids": [ 4092023 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2011, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-appx/410/0630-01" ] }, { "cite": "666 F. Supp. 2d 590", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F. Supp. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3803524 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "600", "parenthetical": "holding that defendant's evidence on summary judgment that it met the industry standard was sufficient to shift burden to plaintiff to \"come forward with evidence that suggests what a reasonable person would do in similar circumstances\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f-supp-2d/666/0590-01" ] }, { "cite": "376 S.E.2d 425", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "428", "parenthetical": "explaining that \" 'compliance with a statutory standard [such as the Building Code] is evidence of due care,' \" although \" 'it is not conclusive on the issue' \" (quoting W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton & D. Owen, Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts \u00a7 30 (5th ed. 1984))" }, { "page": "429" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "324 N.C. 63", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2488503 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "68" }, { "page": "70" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/324/0063-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 S.E.2d 209", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "213" }, { "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 N.C. App. 337", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8358187 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "343" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/88/0337-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 143-138", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "147 S.E.2d 550", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "554" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 N.C. 62", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8558336 ], "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "67" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/267/0062-01" ] }, { "cite": "562 S.E.2d 887", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "892", "parenthetical": "internal citation omitted" }, { "page": "893" }, { "page": "893-94", "parenthetical": "holding that \"defendant landowner had a duty to exercise such reasonable care as a landowning proprietor, running a motion-picture studio while maintaining a significant degree of control over the daily operations of its licensees, would exercise under the circumstances\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "355 N.C. 465", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 219936 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "473", "parenthetical": "internal citation omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/355/0465-01" ] }, { "cite": "507 S.E.2d 882", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "quoting N.C.R. Civ. P. 56(e)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "349 N.C. 615", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 571622 ], "year": 1998, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/349/0615-01" ] }, { "cite": "414 S.E.2d 339", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "342", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "342", "parenthetical": "\"Under N.C. R. Civ. P. 56(e" }, { "page": "345", "parenthetical": "holding that \"[n]egligence is not presumed from the mere fact of injury\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "331 N.C. 57", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2500046 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "63", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "63-64" }, { "page": "68" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/331/0057-01" ] }, { "cite": "565 S.E.2d 140", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "146", "parenthetical": "internal citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "355 N.C. 672", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 220147 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "681", "parenthetical": "internal citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/355/0672-01" ] }, { "cite": "191 N.C. App. 802", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4159120 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "805" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/191/0802-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 889, "char_count": 17835, "ocr_confidence": 0.728, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.14780321169303692 }, "sha256": "181feebd54a78ed3fddb03fe370dd15629f5c854c0437e430cf21a34326671d4", "simhash": "1:53606ca6403550f6", "word_count": 2864 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:07:22.966851+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges BRYANT and BEASLEY concur." ], "parties": [ "TYSON DAVIS, BY AND THROUGH HIS GUARDIAN BETTY GHOLSTON AND BETTY GHOLSTON INDIVIDUALLY, Plaintiffs v. CUMBERLAND COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendant" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "GEER, Judge.\nPlaintiff Betty Gholston, on her own behalf and as guardian for Tyson Davis, appeals from the trial court\u2019s order granting summary judgment to defendant, Cumberland County Board of Education (\u201cthe Board\u201d), in this premises liability action. Tyson Davis, who was six years old at the time, was severely and tragically injured when he fell through bleachers located on the premises of the Board\u2019s Seventy-First High School. Because the Board presented evidence that it was not negligent \u2014 in that the bleachers complied with the North Carolina Building Code (\u201cthe Building Code\u201d) and it had no notice of any prior problems with the bleachers \u2014 and because plaintiff presented no admissible evidence that a reasonable and prudent school board would have done anything different with respect to the bleachers, we hold that the trial court properly granted the Board summary judgment.\nFacts\nOn 20 October 2006, Tyson Davis attended a football game with his father at Seventy-First High School in Fayetteville, North Carolina. Tyson sat with his father near the top of the school\u2019s aluminum bleachers. The bleachers were damp with condensation, and lyson, while walking down them, slipped and fell through the 18-inch to 24-inch gap between the bleacher seat and the floorboard. Tyson fell approximately 10 feet and.struck his head on the concrete, fracturing his skull. He underwent surgery to have permanent metal plates and screws inserted into his head.\nPlaintiff filed suit against the Board on 7 October 2009, alleging that the Board breached its duty to ensure that the bleachers and its premises were reasonably safe for all invitees by failing to cover the openings between the seats of the bleachers or take any other measures to protect invitees from the danger presented by the openings. Plaintiff further alleged that the Board breached its duty to warn of the risk and danger associated with the bleachers.\nDefendant filed an answer on 8 December 2009 generally denying plaintiff\u2019s claim and asserting the defenses of contributory negligence and sovereign immunity. After conducting discovery, defendant filed a motion for summary judgment on 28 May 2010.\nThe Board presented an affidavit from an engineer attesting that the bleacher seatboards and floorboards met the Building Code requirements and standards at the time they were originally constructed and installed and when they were modified in 1985 to replace the wooden seatboards and footboards with aluminum seat-boards and footboards. Further, at the time Tyson fell in 2006, \u201cthe bleachers were compliant with the appropriate North Carolina Building Code given the date(s) of installation and modification.\u201d\nAdditionally, Mickey Stoker, the school\u2019s athletic director in 2006, submitted an affidavit stating that he inspected the bleachers twice a year for safety and maintenance. According to Mr. Stoker, at the time of the accident, the bleachers were in a safe condition and did not require any repairs. Mr. Stoker had been the athletic director for six years and, during this period, there had never been any problems with the bleachers and he was unaware of anyone falling through the bleachers and injuring themselves prior to 20 October 2006.\nIn response to the motion for summary judgment, plaintiff submitted the affidavit of Tyrone Davis, Tyson\u2019s father. Mr. Davis described the bleachers, what occurred on 20 October 2006, how Tyson came to fall to the concrete under the bleachers, and the fact that a number of children of Tyson\u2019s age were present in the bleachers.\nThe trial court entered an order granting summary judgment for the Board on 30 June 2010. Plaintiff timely appealed to this Court.\nI\nSummary judgment is properly granted \u201cif the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\u201d N.C.R. Civ. P. 56(c). This Court reviews the trial court\u2019s grant of summary judgment de novo. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Mnatsakanov, 191 N.C. App. 802, 805, 664 S.E.2d 13, 15 (2008).\nOur Supreme Court has explained the burdens applicable to a motion for summary judgment:\nThe party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of establishing that there is no triable issue of material fact. This burden may be met by proving that an essential element of the opposing party\u2019s claim is non-existent, or by showing through discovery that the opposing party cannot produce evidence to support an essential element of his claim or cannot surmount an affirmative defense which would bar the claim.\nDeWitt v. Eveready Battery Co., 355 N.C. 672, 681, 565 S.E.2d 140, 146 (2002) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).\nOnce the moving party meets its burden, \u201cthen the nonmovant must produce a forecast of evidence demonstrating that the plaintiff will be able to make out at least a prima facie case at trial.\u201d Roumillat v. Simplistic Enters., Inc., 331 N.C. 57, 63, 414 S.E.2d 339, 342 (1992) (internal quotation marks omitted), overruled in part on other grounds by Nelson v. Freeland, 349 N.C. 615, 507 S.E.2d 882 (1998). In order to meet this burden, the nonmoving party \u201c \u2018may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of his pleading, but his response, by affidavits or as otherwise provided in [Rule 56] must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.\u2019 \u201d Id. (quoting N.C.R. Civ. P. 56(e)).\nAs our Supreme Court explained in Martishius v. Carolco Studios, Inc., 355 N.C. 465, 473, 562 S.E.2d 887, 892 (2002) (internal citation omitted), a premises liability case, \u201c[a]ctionable negligence occurs when a defendant owing a duty fails to exercise the degree of care that a reasonable and prudent person would exercise under similar conditions, or where such a defendant of ordinary prudence would have foreseen that the plaintiff\u2019s injury was probable under the circumstances.\u201d Under this standard, a premises\u2019 owner \u201c \u2018must use the care a reasonable man similarly situated would use to keep his premises in a condition safe for the foreseeable use by [a lawful visitor] \u2014 but the standard varies from one type of establishment to another because different types of businesses and different types of activities involve different risks to the [lawful visitor] and require different conditions and surroundings for their normal and proper conduct.\u2019 \u201d Id. at 474, 562 S.E.2d at 893 (quoting Hedrick v. Tigniere, 267 N.C. 62, 67, 147 S.E.2d 550, 554 (1966)).\nThe question presented by this case is, therefore, whether the Board exercised the care that a reasonable school board would have exercised with respect to bleachers at an athletic field under similar circumstances. See id. at 475, 562 S.E.2d at 893-94 (holding that \u201cdefendant landowner had a duty to exercise such reasonable care as a landowning proprietor, running a motion-picture studio while maintaining a significant degree of control over the daily operations of its licensees, would exercise under the circumstances\u201d).\nIn support of its motion for summary judgment, the Board presented evidence that its bleachers complied with the Building Code and that their athletic director was unaware of anyone having ever fallen through the bleachers or of any other problems with the bleachers. While plaintiff argues vigorously that \u201c[w]hether a building or structure meets the standards of the North Carolina Building Code, N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 143-138 et al., is not determinative of the issue of negligence[,]\u201d this Court has held that evidence whether a structure conforms to the Building Code is \u201crelevant and admissible.\u201d Thomas v. Dixson, 88 N.C. App. 337, 343, 363 S.E.2d 209, 213 (1988). Further, \u201c[w]hether or not a building meets these standards, though not determinative of the issue of negligence, has some probative value as to whether or not defendant failed to keep his [premises] in a reasonably safe condition.\u201d Id. (emphasis added).\nConsequently, the fact that the bleachers complied with the Building Code was evidence that the Board kept the bleachers in a reasonably safe condition. See also Collingwood v. Gen. Elec. Real Estate Equities, Inc., 324 N.C. 63, 68, 376 S.E.2d 425, 428 (1989) (explaining that \u201c \u2018compliance with a statutory standard [such as the Building Code] is evidence of due care,\u2019 \u201d although \u201c \u2018it is not conclusive on the issue\u2019 \u201d (quoting W. Keeton, D. Dobbs, R. Keeton & D. Owen, Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts \u00a7 30 (5th ed. 1984))).\nEven though the Board\u2019s evidence of compliance with the Building Code does not conclusively establish due care, that evidence, when combined with the Board\u2019s evidence of a lack of notice of any prior problems with its bleachers, was sufficient to shift the burden on summary judgment to plaintiff. See Roumillat, 331 N.C. at 63-64, 414 S.E.2d at 342 (\u201cUnder N.C. R. Civ. P. 56(e), after defendant met its burden by showing that plaintiff could not come forward with a forecast of evidence that defendant knew or should have known of the presence of [the hazardous condition] and, having sufficient time to do so, negligently failed to remove it, the burden then was upon the plaintiff to make a contrary showing.\u201d).\nFor plaintiff to meet her burden, she was required to come forward with evidence suggesting that a reasonable school board would have acted differently with respect to bleachers for a high school athletic field. See McLaurin v. East Jordan Iron Works, Inc., 666 F. Supp. 2d 590, 600 (E.D.N.C. 2009) (holding that defendant\u2019s evidence on summary judgment that it met the industry standard was sufficient to shift burden to plaintiff to \u201ccome forward with evidence that suggests what a reasonable person would do in similar circumstances\u201d), aff\u2019d sub nom. McLaurin v. Vulcan Threaded Prods., Inc., 410 F. App\u2019x 630 (4th Cir. 2011). It is not sufficient for a plaintiff to \u201cargue that if the defendant had only done something differently, the plaintiff\u2019s injuries would not [have] resulted]. What matters ... is not just whether something different could have been done; rather, what matters is whether a reasonable person in similar circumstances would have done something different.\u201d Id.\nIn this case, plaintiff has asserted that \u201c[i]n failing to ensure that any gap in the bleachers was small enough to reasonably protect the safety of children of Appellant\u2019s age and size, Appellee failed to exercise the degree of care of a reasonable and prudent person.\u201d Although plaintiff cites to no evidence following that assertion, plaintiff then concludes: \u201cAs such, a genuine issue of material fact exists as to the safety of the bleachers and it was error for the Trial Court to grant Appellee\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\u201d\nPlaintiff argues on appeal that the Board should either have warned of the gap in the bleachers or restricted the use of the bleachers based upon age or size. Alternatively, plaintiff contends that if a warning would not have sufficed, the Board \u201chad a duty to take the appropriate precautions to ensure the protection of its lawful visitors. . . . which were to install varying riser plates to minimize the gap between the bleachers.\u201d\nAlthough plaintiff includes no cite to the record regarding her contention that the Board was required to warn of the gap or restrict the use of its bleachers, she relies upon the Board\u2019s interrogatory answers in support of its contention that the Board was required to install riser plates to minimize the gap. Plaintiff's interrogatory had asked the Board to describe all actions \u201cthat were taken in response to the accident.\u201d The Board objected that this interrogatory called for evidence of a subsequent remedial measure contrary to Rule 407 of the Rules of Evidence, but nonetheless responded:\nWithout waiving said objection, for the bleachers in question, a 6\" x 1\" riser plate was added to 14 rows and a 6\" x 2\" foot-board to 14 rows and the riser plate ran continuously across the steps. 180' of 10\" riser plate was added at the back and additional railing behind the top was added for 42\" compliance. Fencing and stiffeners for the front walkway were added and approximately 30 feet of footboard was replaced.\nPlaintiff also cites to a table setting out the changes made by the Board to bleachers following the accident.\nPlaintiff makes no attempt on appeal to address the admissibility of this evidence under Rule 407, which provides:\nWhen, after an event, measures are taken which, if taken previously, would have made the event less likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not admissible to prove negligence or culpable conduct in connection with the event. This rule does not require the exclusion of evidence of subsequent measures when offered for another purpose, such as proving ownership, control, or feasibility of precautionary measures, if those issues are controverted, or impeachment.\nThe Board\u2019s interrogatory answer falls squarely within Rule 407 \u2014 plaintiff is relying upon the subsequent measures to prove the Board\u2019s negligence. See Smith v. N.C. Dep\u2019t of Natural Res. & Cmty. Dev., 112 N.C. App. 739, 746, 436 S.E.2d 878, 883 (1993) (holding that evidence of signs, railings, and stairways constructed around waterfall after fatality were inadmissible under Rule 407). Since the evidence is inadmissible, it cannot support reversal of the summary judgment order.\nPlaintiff points to no other evidence regarding what a reasonable school board would have done under the circumstances. In contrast to the plaintiff in Collingwood, plaintiff in this case presented no expert affidavits or other evidence regarding whether the Building Code provided inadequate protection or whether a reasonable owner in the Board\u2019s circumstances would have known that it needed to take further steps to make the bleachers safe. Compare Collingwood, 324 N.C. at 70, 376 S.E.2d at 429 (holding that defendant not entitled to summary judgment despite evidence that apartment complex complied with Building Code and industry standard because plaintiff presented affidavits from Chief of Fire Department and Inspector and statistical study that \u201cwould permit rational jurors applying the standard of a reasonable and prudent owner under the same or similar circumstances to reach differing conclusions as to whether defendant took appropriate fire safety precautions in the design and construction\u201d of apartment complex).\nIn addition, plaintiff presented no evidence that other schools or boards of education in fact did anything differently than the Board here. See Lorinovich v. K Mart Corp., 134 N.C. App. 158, 162, 516 S.E.2d 643, 646 (1999) (finding issue of fact precluding summary judgment when plaintiff presented evidence \u201cthat other stores in the area did not stack their merchandise as high as Defendant stacked its merchandise\u201d). Further, plaintiff has made no attempt to counter the Board\u2019s evidence of no notice of any problem \u2014 she has pointed to no evidence of any similar occurrence with the Board\u2019s bleachers or with any other school\u2019s bleachers. See Williams v. Walnut Creek Amphitheater P\u2019ship, 121 N.C. App. 649, 652, 468 S.E.2d 501, 503 (1996) (holding that prior incidents of injuiy to patrons are proper to consider in determining breach of duty).\nThe affidavit of Tyson\u2019s father, Tyrone Davis, is not sufficient to defeat summary judgment. The fact that Tyson slipped through a gap and was severely injured does not, without more, provide evidence of negligence. See Roumillat, 331 N.C. at 68, 414 S.E.2d at 345 (holding that \u201c[n]egligence is not presumed from the mere fact of injury\u201d); Dawson v. Carolina Power & Light Co., 265 N.C. 691, 694-95, 144 S.E.2d 831, 834 (1965) (holding that \u201c[n]o inference of actionable negligence on defendant\u2019s part arises from the mere fact\u201d that plaintiff was injured when she slipped and fell due to water or mud inside defendant\u2019s office when plaintiff failed to present evidence that prudent storekeepers under similar conditions had mat at entrance of store or office on rainy days).\nBecause plaintiff presented only evidence of Tyson\u2019s fall and his injuries and did not present any admissible evidence that a reasonable school board would have, under the circumstances, done anything differently than the Board did, plaintiff failed to meet her burden in opposing the Board\u2019s motion for summary judgment. She did not present a forecast of evidence sufficient to establish a prima facie case of negligence against the Board. Accordingly, we affirm the order granting the Board summary judgment.\nAffirmed.\nJudges BRYANT and BEASLEY concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "GEER, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Shanahan Law Group, PLLC, by Rieran J. Shanahan and Melissa L. Pulliam, for plaintiffs-appellants.", "McAngus, Goudelock & Cowrie, PLLC, by Mary M. Webb and Webster G. Harrison, for defendant-appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "TYSON DAVIS, BY AND THROUGH HIS GUARDIAN BETTY GHOLSTON AND BETTY GHOLSTON INDIVIDUALLY, Plaintiffs v. CUMBERLAND COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendant\nNo. COA10-1559\n(Filed 20 December 2011)\nPremises Liability \u2014 bleachers\u2014gap between seat and floorboard\nSummary judgment was properly granted for defendant school board in a premises liability action arising from injuries to a six-year-old who fell through the bleachers at a football game. Defendant introduced evidence that the bleachers were in compliance with the building code and that defendant had no notice of any prior problems with the bleachers, which shifted the burden to plaintiff. Plaintiff pointed to no evidence of what a reasonable school board would have done other than changes to the bleachers after the accident, which were not admissible.\nAppeal by plaintiffs from order entered 30 June 2010 by Judge E. Lynn Johnson in Cumberland County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 June 2011.\nShanahan Law Group, PLLC, by Rieran J. Shanahan and Melissa L. Pulliam, for plaintiffs-appellants.\nMcAngus, Goudelock & Cowrie, PLLC, by Mary M. Webb and Webster G. Harrison, for defendant-appellee." }, "file_name": "0582-01", "first_page_order": 592, "last_page_order": 599 }