{
  "id": 11307822,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ELBERT GREENLEE",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Greenlee",
  "decision_date": "1974-07-17",
  "docket_number": "No. 7429SC522",
  "first_page": "489",
  "last_page": "491",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "22 N.C. App. 489"
    }
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "152 S.E. 2d 133",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "269 N.C. 135",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8562097
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/269/0135-01"
      ]
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:09:41.671000+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Campbell and Hedrick concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ELBERT GREENLEE"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BROCK, Chief Judge.\nDefendant assigns as error that the trial court found that \u201cdefendant had knowingly and understanding^ waived his constitutional rights before an \u2018in custody\u2019 interrogation.\u201d The substance of defendant\u2019s argument is that defendant\u2019s confession to the investigating officers was not free and voluntary.\nUpon defendant\u2019s objection to testimony concerning statements made by him, the trial court conducted an extensive voir dire. The trial court found, from competent evidence, that defendant\u2019s statements were freely, voluntarily and understanding^ made. Where such findings are supported by competent evidence, they will not be disturbed on appeal.\nDefendant assigns as error that the trial court permitted the officers to testify as to what defendant told them. It seems that the thrust of defendant\u2019s argument is that the officers should not be permitted to use a memorandum which merely summarized the interrogation. He seems to argue that the record must be a verbatim transcript of the interrogation, or, if a summary is to be used, the defendant must have approved the accuracy of the summary. Defendant cites State v. Walker, 269 N.C. 135, 152 S.E. 2d 133, in support of his argument. We think the cited case does not aid his argument.\nDefendant seems to contend that the investigating officers were permitted to read to the jury their memoranda of the interrogation. Clearly, this would be improper if defendant had not signified his approval of their content. State v. Walker, supra. However, the officers merely used the memoranda to refresh their recollection. Later, while under cross-examination by defense counsel, and at the request of the cross-examiner, Deputy Nix read a portion of his notes to the jury. Defendant may not now complain of the officer doing what he asked him to do. During the voir dire, parts of the memoranda were read, but this could not prejudice the jury against defendant. The State did not offer the memoranda or their content in evidence. The State offered testimony of the witnesses, who related what defendant told them as they recalled it. It was permissible for each officer to refer to a memorandum prepared by him for the purpose of refreshing his recollection as to statements made by defendant. State v. Walker, supra.\nWe have reviewed defendant\u2019s assignments of error to the trial court\u2019s instructions to the jury. We find no prejudicial error. In our view, defendant received a fair trial.\nNo error.\nJudges Campbell and Hedrick concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BROCK, Chief Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Morgan, by Assistant Attorney General Davis, for the State.",
      "Everette C. Carnes, for the defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ELBERT GREENLEE\nNo. 7429SC522\n(Filed 17 July 1974)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7 76\u2014 findings as to voluntariness of confession \u2014 appellate review\nWhere the trial court\u2019s findings that defendant\u2019s in-custody state- ' ments were freely, voluntarily and understandingly made are supported by competent evidence, they will not be disturbed on appeal.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 75\u2014 in-custody statements \u2014 witness\u2019s reference to memorandum \u2014\u25a0 refreshing recollection\nIt was permissible for a law officer to refer to a memorandum for the purpose of refreshing his recollection as to in-custody statements made by defendant.\nAppeal by defendant from Exum, Judge, 7 January 1974 Session of Superior Court held in McDowell County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 18 June 1974.\nDefendant was charged in a bill of indictment with the murder of James Robert Wilkerson. Upon call of the case for trial, the solicitor announced that the State would seek a conviction of second degree murder or manslaughter, as the evidence might determine.\nThe State\u2019s evidence tends to show the following: Defendant was trying to collect $2.00 which the victim owed him. They got into an argument and a scuffle in the residence of the victim\u2019s relative. They were made to leave the residence. Defendant and the victim engaged in a fist fight outside the residence. As the victim undertook to run from defendant, defendant picked up a wooden board and struck the victim on the right side of the head. The victim died as a result of a fractured skull.\nThe jury found defendant guilty of second degree murder and judgment of imprisonment for a term of not less than twelve nor more than fifteen years.\nAttorney General Morgan, by Assistant Attorney General Davis, for the State.\nEverette C. Carnes, for the defendant."
  },
  "file_name": "0489-01",
  "first_page_order": 521,
  "last_page_order": 523
}
