{ "id": 4103411, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ERIC STEVEN JONES and JERRY ALVIN WHITE", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Jones", "decision_date": "2012-11-20", "docket_number": "No. COA12-282", "first_page": "487", "last_page": "507", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "223 N.C. App. 487" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "614 S.E.2d 562", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633180 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "565", "parenthetical": "citations, quotation marks, and brackets omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/614/0562-01" ] }, { "cite": "639 S.E.2d 655", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12637626 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "662-63", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "662-63", "parenthetical": "quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/639/0655-01" ] }, { "cite": "638 S.E.2d 591", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12637395 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "obtaining property by false pretenses by using another's credit card to make purchases" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/638/0591-01" ] }, { "cite": "650 S.E.2d 29", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12639310 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "33" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/650/0029-01" ] }, { "cite": "148 S.E.2d 15", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "17-18", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 N.C. 212", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8558861 ], "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "215", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/267/0212-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "18 N.C. 199", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8687331 ], "year": 1835, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "spiritous liquors" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/18/0199-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 S.E.2d 147", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "narcotics" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "280 N.C. 167", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570300 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "narcotics" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/280/0167-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 S.E.2d 858", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "861", "parenthetical": "misleadingly-labeled tobacco seed" }, { "page": "859", "parenthetical": "citation and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "861" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "250 N.C. 514", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8624666 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "517-18", "parenthetical": "misleadingly-labeled tobacco seed" }, { "page": "516" }, { "page": "518" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/250/0514-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 N.C. 637", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11278962 ], "year": 1880, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "639", "parenthetical": "holding that indictments for obtaining property by false pretenses should describe goods by the usual name and money in \"dollars and cents\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/83/0637-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 S.E. 7", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1915, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "8", "parenthetical": "holding that a promissory note must be described as such and not as money" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "169 N.C. 318", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8658786 ], "year": 1915, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding that a promissory note must be described as such and not as money" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/169/0318-01" ] }, { "cite": "169 N.C. 380", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "383" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "14 S.E.2d 36", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1941, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "36-37", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "219 N.C. 400", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8624269 ], "year": 1941, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "401", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/219/0400-01" ] }, { "cite": "171 N.C. 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App.", "case_ids": [ 8552386 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "374-75" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/39/0373-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 S.E.2d 581", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "583" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 N.C. App. 45", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8520083 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49-50" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/96/0045-01" ] }, { "cite": "562 S.E.2d 453", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "457" }, { "page": "591" }, { "page": "456" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "149 N.C. App. 588", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9130405 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "594" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/149/0588-01" ] }, { "cite": "684 S.E.2d 733", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "736", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "736" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "200 N.C. App. 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4171888 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "521", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "521" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/200/0517-01" ] }, { "cite": "181 N.C. App. 209", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8373367 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "obtaining property by false pretenses by using another's credit card to make purchases" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/181/0209-01" ] }, { "cite": "153 L. Ed. 2d 162", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "obtaining property by false pretenses by presenting another's driver's license and bank withdrawal slip to a bank teller in order to get cash" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "535 U.S. 1114", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 354625, 353731, 354760, 353448, 352172, 354576, 355188, 353749, 351828, 354680, 354745, 352827, 353947, 354297 ], "year": 2002, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "obtaining property by false pretenses by presenting another's driver's license and bank withdrawal slip to a bank teller in order to get cash" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/535/1114-11", "/us/535/1114-05", "/us/535/1114-06", "/us/535/1114-02", "/us/535/1114-09", "/us/535/1114-03", "/us/535/1114-10", "/us/535/1114-08", "/us/535/1114-07", "/us/535/1114-13", "/us/535/1114-04", "/us/535/1114-14", "/us/535/1114-12", "/us/535/1114-01" ] }, { "cite": "553 S.E.2d 885", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "354 N.C. 268", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 138504 ], "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/354/0268-01" ] }, { "cite": "180 S.E.2d 17", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "19" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "278 N.C. 484", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8560736 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "487" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/278/0484-01" ] }, { "cite": "428 S.E.2d 480", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "485", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" }, { "page": "486" }, { "parenthetical": "embezzlement" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "109 N.C. 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Stat.", "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)" }, { "page": "(b)" } ], "opinion_index": 1 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1424, "char_count": 46808, "ocr_confidence": 0.737, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.218825493507703e-08, "percentile": 0.4311361395973279 }, "sha256": "a9e899c1b4222a6fe07a252b87bb093d8aa3c7925d5aa55ab19e75315fed4b03", "simhash": "1:fbbab47756058260", "word_count": 7649 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:08:05.693184+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judge CALABRIA concurs.", "Judge ELMORE concurs in part and dissents in part." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ERIC STEVEN JONES and JERRY ALVIN WHITE" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "STEPHENS, Judge.\nProcedural History and Evidence\nOn 28 June 2010, Defendant Jerry Alvin White (\u201cWhite\u201d) was indicted on three counts of trafficking in stolen identities pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20. On 7 September 2010, the grand jury returned a superseding indictment against White for four counts of trafficking in stolen identities. On the same date, Defendant Eric Steven Jones (\u201cDefendant\u201d) was indicted on four counts of trafficking in stolen identities, two counts of obtaining property by false pretenses, and one count of identity theft. The State\u2019s pretrial motion for joinder of the cases was unopposed and joinder was granted.\nAt the close of the State\u2019s evidence, both White and Defendant moved to dismiss all charges, asserting insufficiency of the evidence and fatally flawed indictments. The trial court denied the motion as to insufficiency of the evidence and delayed its ruling on the indictment issue. Neither White nor Defendant presented evidence, and both renewed their motions to dismiss at the close of all evidence.\nOn 7 September 2011, the jury returned guilty verdicts against White on all four counts of trafficking in stolen identities, and against Defendant on two counts of obtaining property by false pretenses and one count of identity theft. After receiving the jury\u2019s verdicts, the court dismissed the charges of obtaining property by false pretenses against Defendant and all counts of trafficking in stolen identities against White, concluding that those indictments were \u201cinsufficient as a matter of law.\u201d The court denied Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss as to the offense of identity theft.\nThe trial court determined Defendant was a Prior Record Level II for sentencing purposes and imposed an active term of 18 to 22 months imprisonment on the identity theft conviction. From this judgment, Defendant appeals. From the orders dismissing the remaining charges against Defendant and all charges against White, the State appeals. We find no error.\nThe evidence at trial tended to show the following: On 2 June 2010 between 4:30 and 5:00 a.m., Officer Steven Maloney of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department (\u201cCMPD\u201d) observed a silver Hyundai Accent he believed to be suspicious and began following it. Maloney ran a computer check on the car\u2019s tag number and discovered it was a suspect vehicle in a financial transaction card theft case committed at Tire Kingdom. Maloney initiated a traffic stop. Defendant, the driver, was unable to produce a valid driver\u2019s license or registration card.\nWhen Maloney searched the car, he found two bags of marijuana and a work order from Maaco Collision Repair (\u201cMaaco\u201d) listing James Coleman as the customer. Maloney arrested Defendant, and upon searching him, discovered a debit card bearing the name \u201cElaine Taylor\u201d and an EBT (food stamp) card in the name of \u201cLonnie Bickman,\u201d as well as pieces of paper listing the name, address, and credit card information of four victims in this case: James Payton, Charles Batchelor, Sean Daly, and John Rini. A subsequent police investigation revealed that each of the four men had been checked in by White, a front desk clerk, for stays at the Blake Hotel in Charlotte in May 2010.\nOn 12 May 2010, Payton stayed at the Blake Hotel and paid with a credit card assigned to him and bearing his name, but issued on a corporate account in the name of JEL Construction, Inc. Later, Payton was notified by the fraud department of the credit card company that there had been suspicious charges made to his account, including $54.13 and $43.30 to Cricket Communications, $650.78 and $369.46 to Duke Energy, and $236.47 to Foot Action.\nAlso on 12 May 2010, Batchelor stayed at the Blake Hotel and paid with a credit card issued directly to him; however, the card was a col\u00f3rate card with Batchelor listed as a secondary cardholder on the account. The primary account holder was his employer, Christina Close of C & C Swimming, Inc. Fraudulent charges in the amount of $5.42 were made for purchases at Cricket Communications using this card number.\nOn 20 May 2010, Daly stayed at the Blake Hotel and paid with a corporate credit card issued to Identity Theft 911, LLC. The card bore the company name as well as Daly\u2019s name, who was the president and CEO of the company. Daly verified that no fraudulent charges were made to his card.\nOn 20 May 2010, Rini also stayed at the Blake Hotel and used a personal credit card to pay for his stay. Rini\u2019s credit card statement revealed fraudulent charges for purchases made at Cricket Communications in the amount of $64.95.\nOn 10 June 2010, CMPD Detective Kevin Stuesse and Special Agent Tom Hunter interviewed White. During the interview, White admitted to writing down the credit card information, names, and addresses for Payton, Batchelor, and Daly, and did not deny passing the information to another individual. White denied writing down Rini\u2019s information. After the interview, White was arrested.\nFurther investigation revealed that, on 18 May 2010, a Hyundai Accent with the same vehicle identification number as the car Defendant was driving when arrested had been dropped off at Tire Kingdom for the installation of four new tires and rims, an alignment, and brake services. The work order listed the customer as James Payton. The serial numbers on the tires purchased at Tire Kingdom matched the serial numbers on the tires of the Hyundai Accent. The $1,181.09 bill was paid-for over the phone with a Visa credit card ending in 3501. Upon pickup of the vehicle, the receipt was signed by a male who used the name James Payton. On 20 May 2010, Melanie Wright\u2019s Visa ending in 3501 was charged in the amount of $1,181.09; the evidence tended to show that Wright had previously stayed at the Blake Hotel. On 24 May 2010, Defendant, representing himself as James Coleman, brought the Hyundai Accent to Maaco to be painted and paid with a credit card in the name of Mary Berry.\nDiscussion\nOn appeal, Defendant brings forward four arguments: that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the identity theft charge where the State failed to prove (1) that he-possessed the specific intent required and (2) that he possessed the credit card numbers of three or more natural persons; and where (3) there existed a fatal flaw in his identity theft indictment; and (4) in allowing the State to introduce certain evidence under Rule 404(b). We dismiss in part and find no error in part.\nThe State brings forward two arguments on appeal: that the trial court erred by granting (1) Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of obtaining property by false pretenses; and (2) White\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of trafficking in stolen identities. We find no error.\nDefendant\u2019s Appeal\n1. Specific Intent\nDefendant first argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss because the State failed to prove that he possessed the specific intent necessary to be convicted of identity theft, to wit, the intent to fraudulently represent himself as the persons whose credit card numbers he used to make various purchases. We disagree.\n\u201cThis Court reviews the trial court\u2019s denial of a motion to dismiss de novo.\u201dState v. Smith, 186 N.C. App. 57, 62, 650 S.E.2d 29, 33 (2007).\nOn a motion to dismiss, the trial court\u2019s task is to determine whether there is substantial evidence of each essential element of the charged offense. Substantial evidence is such evidence as a reasonable mind would accept as sufficient to support a conclusion. All of the evidence actually admitted, both competent and incompetent may be considered. Such evidence should be viewed in the light most favorable to the State, giving the State the benefit of every reasonable inference to be drawn therefrom. ... If the State has offered substantial evidence of each essential element of the crime charged, the defendant\u2019s motion must be denied.\nState v. Rupe, 109 N.C. App. 601, 607-08, 428 S.E.2d 480, 485 (1993) (citations omitted).\nIdentity theft occurs when a person\nknowingly obtains, possesses, or uses identifying information of another person, living or dead, with the intent to fraudulently represent that the person is the other person for the purposes of making financial or credit transactions in the other person\u2019s name, to obtain anything of value, benefit, or advantage, or for the purpose of avoiding legal consequences[.]\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(a) (2011) (emphasis added). \u201cIntent is an attitude or emotion of the mind, and is seldom, if ever, susceptible of proof by direct evidence. It must ordinarily be proven by facts and circumstances from which it may be inferred.\u201d State v. Little, 278 N.C. 484, 487, 180 S.E.2d 17, 19 (1971). Thus, \u201c[i]t is not necessary that the State offer direct proof of fraudulent intent if facts and circumstances are shown from which it may be reasonably inferred.\u201d Rupe, 109 N.C. App. at 609, 428 S.E.2d at 486. Specifically, the appellate courts of this State have long recognized that fraudulent intent in various financial crimes need not be shown by a verbal misrepresentation, but can also be established based upon a defendant\u2019s conduct or actions. See, e.g., id. (embezzlement); State v. Parker, 354 N.C. 268, 553 S.E.2d 885 (2001), cert. denied, 535 U.S. 1114, 153 L. Ed. 2d 162 (2002) (obtaining property by false pretenses by presenting another\u2019s driver\u2019s license and bank withdrawal slip to a bank teller in order to get cash); State v. Perkins, 181 N.C. App. 209, 638 S.E.2d 591 (2007) (obtaining property by false pretenses by using another\u2019s credit card to make purchases).\nHere, Defendant contends that no evidence was offered that he \u201cfraudulently representad] that [he was] the other person for the purposes of making financial or credit transactions in the other person\u2019s name.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(a). Specifically, Defendant notes that the State failed to present any evidence about who the user of the credit cards represented himself to be when making purchases at Foot Action, Duke-Energy, and Cricket Communications. Further, Defendant points out that the person who made the Tire Kingdom purchase represented himself as James Payton, but paid with a credit card number belonging to Mary Wright, and the person who made the purchase at Maaco represented himself as James Coleman, while paying with a credit card assigned to Mary Berry. Thus, Defendant asserts that the State failed to present substantial evidence that he represented himself to be any of the persons to whom the credit cards belonged. We are not persuaded.\nHere, the evidence tended to show that Defendant possessed the credit card information of several other people without authorization, was the owner of the Hyundai Accent which had received a paint job, new tires, and other products and services paid for via unauthorized charges to some of the credit cards, possessed a cell phone from a store where unauthorized charges were made to some of the credit cards, and had a utility account for which one of the credit cards was used to make a payment. Taken in the light most favorable to the State, this evidence would support a reasonable inference by the jury that Defendant fraudulently used credit card numbers belonging to other people without authorization to make purchases and payments on his own behalf. In keeping with our State\u2019s case law on implicit misrepresentations by conduct, we hold that, when one presents a credit card or credit card number as payment, he is representing himself to be the cardholder or an authorized user thereof. Accordingly, where one is not the cardholder or an authorized user, this representation is fraudulent. No verbal statement of one\u2019s identity is required, nor can the mere stating of a name different from that of the cardholder negate the inference of misrepresentation. Because the State here presented substantial evidence that Defendant intended to use the credit card information of others to fraudulently obtain financial benefit, the trial court properly denied Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the identity theft charge. Accordingly, this argument is overruled.\n2. Identifying Information of Natural Persons\nDefendant next argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the charge of identity theft because the State failed to prove that defendant possessed the credit card numbers of three or more natural persons. Defendant bases this contention on the fact that three of the four credit card numbers he possessed were issued to business entities rather than to natural persons. We dismiss this argument as not properly before us.\nRule 10(a)(1) of our Rules of Appellate Procedure requires that, in order to preserve an issue fox* appellate review, \u201ca party must have presented to the trial court a timely request, objection, or motion, stating the specific grounds for the ruling the party desired the court to make if the specific grounds were not apparent from the context.\u201d N.C. R.. App. P. 10(a)(1) (2011). \u201cIt is well-established that where a theory argued on appeal was not raised before the trial court, the law does not permit parties to swap horses between courts in order to get a better mount in the appellate courts.\u201d State v. Tellez, 200 N.C. App. 517, 521, 684 S.E.2d 733, 736 (2009) (citations and quotation marks omitted).\nAt the close of the State\u2019s evidence, Defendant\u2019s trial counsel first made extensive arguments about alleged defects in the indictments, before concluding with the following statement:\n[Defendant\u2019s counsel!: So first, the indictment issues I\u2019d ask really all charges be dismissed.\nAnd as far as the sufficiency of the evidence, I would also ask that, especially on the trafficking charges, that there is no evidence that was presented \u2014 no\u2014the State did not present sufficient evidence on each element for the trafficking, i.e., purchased. They never said that anything was purchased. And this goes back to the sufficiency of the evidence.\nMr. White\u2019s transcript says that he never received anything of value for this at all, and that hadn\u2019t been, I guess, stated anywhere that anyone received anything \u2014 well, that he sold, transferred or purchased the identifying information.\nSo as far as the trafficking goes, I would ask that there\u2019s been, in the light most favorable to the State, no evidence presented that he purchased because you will focus specifically on purchased the information, [sic]\nAnd then, I guess, on the third element also that because of the confusion with the corporate entities and the way it\u2019s written, it\u2019s almost like you have to take that information and then use the same person\u2019s information. You can\u2019t take someone\u2019s financial information and use a different name. That\u2019s whatever name it is.\nSo for those reasons, we would argue that the charges should be dismissed and all the charges \u2014 additionally\u2014in addition to the indictment issue, we\u2019d ask they be dismissed because the State hasn\u2019t met its burden at this point.\n(Emphasis added).\nAs the above-quoted portion of the transcript shows, Defendant\u2019s trial counsel did not argue the failure of the State to prove that Defendant possessed the credit card numbers of three or more natural persons as a basis for his motion to dismiss for insufficiency of the evidence. Rather, he made two arguments: that no evidence of a purchase had been presented and that \u201c[y]ou can\u2019t take someone\u2019s financial information and use a different name.\u201d While the latter argument includes a passing mention of \u201cconfusion with the corporate entities,\u201d its essence can only be reasonably interpreted as a reference to Defendant\u2019s argument 1 supra, namely, that because Defendant gave the credit card numbers of certain victims but did not verbally state that he was the victims, the State had not met its burden of proof. In renewing his motion to dismiss at the close of all evidence, Defendant merely asked that all charges against him be dismissed without noting a specific basis. Defendant, having failed to make the argument he now makes on appeal in support of his motion to dismiss in the trial court, has not preserved it for our review. See Tellez, 200 N.C. App. at 521, 684 S.E.2d at 736. Accordingly, we dismiss this argument.\n3. Variance between the identity theft indictment and the evidence at trial\nDefendant next argues that a fatal variance existed between his identity theft indictment and the evidence produced at trial. Specifically, he contends that while the indictment for identity theft alleged that Defendant possessed credit card numbers belonging to four natural persons, the evidence at trial showed that three of the credit cards in question were actually business credit cards owned by the businesses and merely issued in the names of the four natural persons. We must also dismiss this argument.\nWhether an indictment is sufficient on its face is a separate issue from whether there is a variance between the indictment and the evidence presented at trial, although both issues are based upon the same concems[:] ... to insure that the defendant is able to prepare his defense against the crime with which he is charged, and to protect the defendant from another prosecution for the same incident.\nState v. Norman, 149 N.C. App. 588, 594, 562 S.E.2d 453, 457 (2002). \u201cA variance occurs where the allegations in an indictment, although they may be sufficiently specific on their face, do not conform to the evidence actually established at trial.\u201d Id.\nBecause jurisdiction is implicated, \u201ca defendant on appeal may challenge an indictment on the grounds that the indictment is insufficient to support the offense of which [the] defendant was convicted, even when the defendant failed to challenge the indictment on this basis at trial.\u201d Id. at 591, 562 S.E.2d at 456. However, \u201ca challenge to a fatal variance between the indictment and proof\u2019 is made by motion to dismiss for insufficiency of the evidence in the trial court. State v. Wall, 96 N.C. App. 45, 49-50, 384 S.E.2d 581, 583 (1989).\nHere, our review of the transcript reveals that Defendant\u2019s trial counsel never made an argument in the trial court that the evidence at trial varied from the facts alleged in the indictment:\nAs far as the identity theft portion of it, the statute is a little confusing. If the Court would indulge me. I\u2019m just going to try to read the jury instruction because it\u2019s confusing.\n[trial counsel reads statute and discusses the specific intent/verbal misrepresentation argument addressed in section 1 supra]\nSo that\u2019s kind of what the problem is with those two indictments also. They don\u2019t properly state or they don\u2019t do what the law requires, and it\u2019s confusing to say how it should go, but I\u2019m going to kind of try to, say, like it should be like.\nFor example, it should say he used the number of Payton to obtain things of value or used \u2014 they both should say, I guess, the same person. That\u2019s what I\u2019m trying to say. He \u2014 in order to commit this crime, he would have to say I am James Payton; this is James Payton\u2019s credit card information, because that\u2019s what the elements one and two says. . . .\nAnd then additionally, going back to those charges, we still have that corporate identification issue, which I won\u2019t go into again, with Batchelor, Payton and Daly because, because they are not the actual victims; they are employees of the victims and it should say that, and I won\u2019t continue too much longer.\nIt should say Identity Theft, 911, LLC for Daly, Batchelor, C and C Swimming, doing business whoever their other name is, and Payton would be JEL Construction Incorporated.\nSo for all those reasons, Your Honor, I would ask that we dealt with the indictment issue.\nYou asked about, I guess, sufficiency of the evidence now. Do you want to address that now?\n[defense counsel makes various unrelated sufficiency of the evidence arguments]\nAnd then, I guess, on the third element also that because of the confusion with the corporate entities and the way it\u2019s written, it\u2019s almost like you have to take that information and then use the same person\u2019s information. You can\u2019t take someone\u2019s financial information and use a different name. That\u2019s whatever name it is.\n(Emphasis added). Defendant never argued variance between the proof at trial and the indictment and specifically made his identity theft argument in the context of challenging the facial validity of the indictments. When he turned to arguments regarding the sufficiency of the evidence, the proper channel for addressing alleged variances, he returned only to the specific intent/verbal misrepresentation argument. Accordingly, Defendant has not preserved this issue for our review, and we must dismiss.\nWe further note that, even were the matter properly before us on appeal, Defendant would not prevail. \u201c[N]o fatal variance exists when the indictment names an owner of the stolen property and the evidence discloses that that person, though not the owner, was in lawful possession of the property at the time of the offense.\u201d State v. Liddell, 39 N.C. App. 373, 374-75, 250 S.E.2d 77, 78 (1979). Here, Batchelor, Payton, and Daly were the only authorized users of the credit cards issued to their respective businesses, and no evidence at trial suggested they were not in lawful possession thereof. Thus, no variance existed between the proof at trial and the factual allegations in the indictment.\n4. Admission of evidence about other cards\nFinally, Defendant argues that the trial court erred in allowing the State to introduce evidence that, when arrested, Defendant possessed debit and EBT cards of two persons other than the victims in this case (\u201cthe other cards\u201d). On appeal, Defendant bases his arguments on alleged violations of North Carolina Rules of Evidence 403 and 404(b). Defendant\u2019s argument under Rule 404 is not before us. As to his argument under Rule 403, we disagree.\nDuring a pretrial hearing, Defendant\u2019s counsel reviewed the State\u2019s exhibit list and objected to introduction of the other cards:\nMy client wasn\u2019t charged with anything related to Lonnie Bickman or Elaine Taylor. These items are in the discovery, but he hadn\u2019t been charged with them, and he hadn\u2019t \u2014 I don\u2019t know what the purpose of the introduction of those are other than to basically confuse the jury with some information that he had an EBT card or a Visa debit card on him, but they\u2019re not relevant I would argue to any determination of anything in this particular case.\nDefendant also objected on hearsay grounds, noting that the persons to whom the other cards apparently belonged were not available to testify and be cross-examined. The State responded:\nThe credit cards are 404(b) evidence. In addition, they are items that were found on Mr. Jones\u2019 possession at the time he was arrested. They indicate, I believe, knowledge, intent, lack of mistake that you have two other credit card numbers belonging to other individuals. I do not plan on calling those individuals to testify. However, I think it is incredibly probative that those were also found in his possession.\nDetective Stuesse will testify he attempted to make contact with those individuals, but no contact information could be located for them.\nIn response, Defendant continued to argue that the other cards should not be admitted because they were irrelevant, overly prejudicial, and likely to confuse the jury:\nThey\u2019re just going to, again, have evidence here that\u2019s highly prejudicial, information for which my client is not even charged with. It\u2019s not in the indictment. They\u2019re listed in discovery, but we\u2019d argue that would be highly prejudicial against my client based on the nature of the case. If he had used these cards, why didn\u2019t they charge him with it? Why didn\u2019t they make us aware earlier today we\u2019re.going to introduce these cards? This is definitely an issue that I would argue does not need to be introduced. There\u2019s no reason for this except to confuse the jury to say, oh, he had someone else\u2019s card, which he wasn\u2019t charged with. He had to be using these other cards fraudulently. I think there is some issue where these cards were found and where the other information that had credit card numbers that the State will allege were found at.\nIt is clearly \u2014 it should, not be allowed under I'd say Rule 403. If it\u2019s relevant, if it\u2019s probative, still hearing this without any explaining, just how are they going to introduce it?\nIf it is relevant and it is probative, the value of any of that relevance or probative value is outweighed by clearly undue prejudice to my client that the jury is going to hear, and we\u2019d argue it not be allowed.\n(Emphasis added). Thus, at the pretrial hearing, Defendant made no argument that the other cards should be excluded under Rule 404(b). Instead, he argued that the other cards were either not relevant as defined in Rule 401 or that, if relevant, the minimal probative value of the other cards was \u201csubstantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury[.]\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 8C-1, Rule 403 (2011).\nDuring trial, when the State attempted to elicit testimony about the other cards, Defendant objected:\nWell, Your Honor, this objection was based on our previous conversation about the two \u2014 I think the officer wasn\u2019t allowed to testify to two other financial cards that were found in Mr. Jones\u2019s wallet, one is Elaine Taylor, and one of Lonnie Bickman, and part of it was those should be excluded based on Rule 403.\nHe\u2019s not charged with any kind of identity theft or fraud or anything of Elaine Taylor or Lonnie Bickman. And we would argue under Rule 403 that although this evidence may be relevant, it should be excluded because it\u2019s [sic] probative value is sub stantially outweighed by the danger of any unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading of the jury upon consideration of delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of evidence.\nEssentially what we\u2019re arguing is this is \u2014he\u2019s charged with these other financial theft charges. He\u2019s not charged with these people\u2019s \u2014 stealing these people\u2019s \u2014 these individuals [\u2019] identification. And we think this should not be allowed because the jury is not going to be able to differentiate between what he\u2019s charged with and what he's not charged with.\nIn this case he\u2019s not charged with this, there\u2019s no investigation that this is anything illegal. They didn\u2019t charge him, so therefore I\u2019d argue that this information should not be gone into, especially when he has all these other charges which basically amount to four counts of identity theft, two counts of obtaining property by false pretenses, and trafficking in stolen identities.\nI think it\u2019s going to confuse the jury, it\u2019s going to be really very prejudicial to Mr. Jones. And perhaps if he was charged with it, then I would argue that it might be relevant. And it may be relevant now, but I\u2019d just say the probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.\n(Emphasis added). The transcript makes clear that, at trial, Defendant only objected to the evidence of the other cards under Rule 403. Accordingly, we do not consider Defendant\u2019s arguments on appeal regarding Rule 404(b), but instead address the trial court decision to admit evidence about the other cards over Defendant\u2019s Rule 403 objection.\n\u201cA trial court\u2019s rulings under Rule 403 are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. . . . This Court will find an abuse of discretion only where a trial court\u2019s ruling is manifestly unsupported by reason or is so arbitrary that it could not have been the result of a reasoned decision.\u201d State v. Theer, 181 N.C. App. 349, 359-60, 639 S.E.2d 655, 662-63 (2007) (citations and quotation marks omitted); see also State v. Beckelheimer,_N.C. App._,_, 726 S.E.2d 156, 159 (2012).\n. In response to Defendant\u2019s objection at trial, the State argued that the other cards tended to show Defendant \u201chad the intent and the motive and the plan to commit identity theft and credit card fraud by possessing credit cards belonging to not just [the victims in the instant case], but also these other individuals as well[.]\u201d The transcript reveals that the trial court carefully considered the arguments made by both parties and specifically questioned the State about the probative value of the other cards and the jury\u2019s possible confusion. The trial court ultimately admitted evidence of the other cards to show intent. Because the decision to admit evidence of the other cards was not \u201cmanifestly unsupported by reason or ... so arbitrary that it could not have been the result of a reasoned decision[,]\u201d Theer, 181 N.C. App. at 360, 639 S.E.2d at 662-63 (quotation marks omitted), we hold that the court did not abuse its discretion. Accordingly, this argument is overruled.\nThe State\u2019s Appeal\n1. Indictment against Defendant for obtaining property by false pretenses\nThe State first argues that the trial court erred by granting Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of obtaining property by false pretenses, contending that the indictment failed to specify with particularity the property obtained. We disagree.\nThe indictment must charge the essential elements of the alleged offense. To provide notice, an indictment must contain, a plain and concise factual statement in each count which . . . asserts facts supporting every element of a criminal offense and the defendant\u2019s commission thereof with sufficient precision clearly to apprise the defendant or defendants of the conduct which is the subject of the accusation. The elements of obtaining property by false pretenses are (1) a false representation of a subsisting fact or a future fulfillment or event, (2) which is calculated and intended to deceive, (3) which does in fact deceive, and (4) by which one person obtains or attempts to obtain value from another.\nRegarding the crime of obtaining property by false pretenses, it is the general rule that the thing obtained . . . must be described with reasonable certainty, and by the name or term usually employed to describe it.\nState v. Ledwell, 171 N.C. App. 314, 317, 614 S.E.2d 562, 565 (2005) (citations, quotation marks, and brackets omitted) (alterations). For example, an\nallegation that the defendant obtained \u201cgoods and things of value\u201d is too vague and uncertain. The \u201cgoods and things\u201d should have been described specifically by the names and terms usually appropriated to them; and since it was money that was sought to be proven the defendant had fraudulently obtained it should have been described at least by the amount, as, for instance, so many dollars and cents.\nState v. Smith, 219 N.C. 400, 401, 14 S.E.2d 36, 36-37 (1941) (citations and quotation marks omitted) (holding that an indictment charging a defendant with obtaining money by false pretenses should describe the money by the amount); State v. Gibson, 169 N.C. 380, 383 (169 N.C. 318), 85 S.E. 7, 8 (1915) (holding that a promissory note must be described as such and not as money); State v. Reese, 83 N.C. 637, 639 (1880) (holding that indictments for obtaining property by false pretenses should describe goods by the usual name and money in \u201cdollars and cents\u201d).\nHere, the indictment alleged that Defendant obtained \u201cservices\u201d from Tire Kingdom and Maaco, without even the most general description of the services or their monetary value. This indictment was plainly insufficient to sustain the charge. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in dismissing the obtaining property by false pretenses charges against Defendant.\nIn light of our holding supra that the trial court properly dismissed the obtaining property by false pretenses charges against Defendant, we need not address the State\u2019s alternative argument that the trial court erred in dismissing those charges on the basis that the indictment failed to name the proper owner of the credit card used to obtain the services.\n2. Trafficking in Stolen Identities: Naming Recipient of Identifying Information\nThe State argues that the trial court erred by granting White\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of trafficking in stolen identities. We disagree.\nIn a long line of cases involving the illegal trafficking of substances ranging from seeds to liquor to narcotics, the Courts of this State have consistently held that\nit is necessary, for a conviction, to allege in the bill of indictment the name of the person to whom the [transfer] was made or that his name is unknown, unless some statute eliminates that requirement. The proof must, of course, conform to the allegations and establish a [transfer] to the named person or that the purchaser was in fact unknown.\nState v. Bissette, 250 N.C. 514, 517-18, 108 S.E.2d 858, 861 (1959) (misleadingly-labeled tobacco seed); see also State v. Bennett, 280 N.C. 167, 185 S.E.2d 147 (1971) (narcotics); State v. Blythe, 18 N.C. 199 (1835) (spiritous liquors). In Bissette, the Court explained the reasoning behind this holding:\nThe authorities are in unison that an indictment, whether at common law or under a statute, to be good must allege lucidly and accurately all the essential elements of the offense endeavored to be charged. The purpose of such constitutional provisions is: (1) such certainty in the statement of the accusation as will identify the offense with which the accused is sought to be charged; (2) to protect the accused from being twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; (3) to enable the accused to prepare for trial[;] and (4) to enable the court, on conviction or plea of nolo contendere or guilty to pronounce sentence according to the rights of the case.\nBissette, 250 N.C. at 516, 108 S.E.2d at 859 (citation and quotation marks omitted).\nDefendant was charged under this State\u2019s trafficking in stolen identities statute, which makes it \u201cunlawful for a person to sell, transfer, or purchase the identifying information of another person with the intent to commit identity theft, or to assist another person in committing identity theft, as set forth in [section] 14-113.20.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20A(a) (2011). In turn, section 14-113.20 makes it a felony for any \u201cperson [to] knowingly obtain[], possess [], or use[] identifying information of another person[.]\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(a) (2011). No language in either statute eliminates the common law requirement that the recipient of the identifying information be specified. Accordingly, under the reasoning and rule set forth in Bissette, in order to charge Defendant with trafficking in stolen identities, the State was required \u201cto allege in the bill of indictment the name of the person to whom the [transfer] was made or that his name is unknown[.]\u201d 250 N.C. at 518, 108 S.E.2d at 861.\nWe would note that the nature of the \u201cidentifying information\u201d covered by the statute at issue here makes the common law rule discussed above particularly crucial to avoid the risk of double jeopardy in such cases. The types of information covered by the trafficking in stolen identities statute are listed in section 14-113.20(b) and include various numbers, passwords, and other personal data. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(b). Unlike seeds, liquor, narcotics, or other tangible items, these types of information are fully retained by the thief even after they have been transferred to one or more persons. Thus, the same piece of personal identity information, such as a credit card number, can be trafficked an infinite number of times to an infinite number of recipients. For example, a defendant may steal a single credit card number, but then transfer that single credit card number to hundreds of others. This assessment applies equally to every example of identity information listed in section 14-113.20(b).\nPut simply, the double jeopardy risk to which a defendant charged with trafficking in stolen identities under section 14-113.20A is put lies not with any lack of clarity about the identity of the stolen information for which he is being prosecuted. Rather, the danger lies in a lack of clarity as to which incidence of trafficking the stolen information he must defend. Given the susceptibility of a single piece of identity information being transferred to multiple persons, we hold that indictments for trafficking in stolen identities must specify the identity of the recipient of the stolen information. Accordingly, the indictments against White were fatally flawed, and the trial court\u2019s dismissal of those charges was not error.\nDISMISSED IN PART; NO ERROR IN PART.\nJudge CALABRIA concurs.\nJudge ELMORE concurs in part and dissents in part.\n. Another man was the registered owner of the car, but when contacted by police, the man explained that he had sold the car to Defendant and was merely holding on to the title until Defendant finished paying him.\n. \u201cThere can be no trial, conviction, or punishment for a crime without a formal and sufficient accusation. In the absence of an accusation the court acquires no jurisdiction whatever, and if it assumes jurisdiction a trial and conviction are a nullity.\u201d McClure v. State, 267 N.C. 212, 215, 148 S.E.2d 15, 17-18 (1966) (citations and quotation marks omitted).", "type": "majority", "author": "STEPHENS, Judge." }, { "text": "ELMORE, Judge,\ndissenting in part, concurring in part.\nI respectfully disagree with the majority\u2019s decision to uphold the trial court\u2019s dismissal of the charges for trafficking in stolen identities against White. The majority concludes that, as per the common law, an indictment for trafficking in stolen identities must name the recipient of the identifying information or provide that such name is unknown. From this decision, I respectfully dissent.\nIn making such determination, the majority\u2019s decision hinges on the application of the common law rule that requires indictments charging a person with the sale and/or transfer of an illicit substance to include the purchaser or recipient of the illicit substance or provide that such person is unknown, unless the requirement is eliminated by statute. See State v. Bissette, 250 N.C. 514, 517, 108 S.E.2d 858, 861 (1959).\nI do not contest the validity of the common law rule as applied to indictments charging a person with the sale and/or transfer of an illicit substance. However, I recognize that the inherent nature of prosecuting crimes involving the sale and/or transfer of illicit substances is unique in that such substances do not possess any independent identifying information in-and-of-themselves \u2014 a gram of cocaine is a gram of cocaine. Therefore, in order to avoid double jeopardy concerns and ensure that the accused is on notice of the crimes for which he has been charged, it is helpful that these indictments name the recipient of the illicit substance.\nAlternatively, trafficking in stolen identities is a distinct crime and, in this instance, the common law rule is inapplicable. It is informative to consider the items that the legislature deemed to be \u201cidentifying information\u201d as set out in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(b). The documents and information listed in the statute include, but are not limited to, one\u2019s social security number, driver\u2019s license number, passport, bank account number, and credit card numbers. These items each have independent identifying characteristics which can be specifically described in an indictment so as to put the accused on notice regarding the identifying information he allegedly sold or transferred. Moreover, transactions involving the use of one\u2019s identifying information are generally traceable.\nNew cases have dealt with issues pertaining to the crime of trafficking in stolen identities, most likely because such crimes have only recently become more prevalent. Today, it is not uncommon for the average person to have his credit card information, bank account number, passwords, and other personal information stored online. Accordingly, the identifying information provided for in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(b) is the type of information often stored online. It can be easily accessed without authorization and transferred to another in an anonymous online transaction.\nThe majority contends that the application of the common law rule is \u201ceven more crucial to avoid the risk of double jeopardy\u201d because the identifying information provided for in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-113.20(b) can be trafficked an infinite number of times. However, the majority fails to account for the fact that oftentimes the transferor himself may not know the recipient of the identifying information. Those who utilize the internet to sell identifying information have the ability to pass such information in an anonymous vacuum. As such, should we impose the common law rule, the majority of indictments would likely provide that the transferee\u2019s identity is \u201cunknown.\u201d Therefore, it is not advantageous to require such indictments to name the recipient. I do not suggest that the inclusion of the recipient\u2019s name in a trafficking indictment should be prohibited as I recognize that the inclusion of the recipient\u2019s name helps to ensure the indictment is sufficiently particular. However, its inclusion is not so vital that without it the accused would be unsure of the accusations against him and thus unable to adequately prepare his defense.\nFurthermore, this Court need not consider whether the trafficking indictment could have been more definite and certain. We need only to consider whether the indictment sufficiently apprised a defendant of \u201cthe conduct which is the subject of the accusation.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-924(a)(5)(2011). Ultimately, imposing the common law rule is short-cited as it fails to account for the unique nature of trafficking in stolen identities, especially the possibility that the recipient\u2019s identity may be unknown to the transferor.\nTurning now to the case at hand, White transferred the credit card numbers of the victims to defendant who then made fraudulent purchases using those numbers. White\u2019s indictment alleged all of the essential elements of the offense and contained the date of transfer, the place of transfer, the victim\u2019s name, and the type of identifying information allegedly trafficked.\nWhite neither argued that by the failure to name defendant as the recipient he was deprived of needed information in order to adequately prepare for trial, nor did he claim that he was in doubt as to whom he allegedly transferred the credit card information. Furthermore, White was not liable for any fraudulent purchases made by defendant after the date of transfer. Should White have needed further clarification in order to prepare his defense, he was entitled to file a motion for a bill of particulars.\nHere, White\u2019s indictment did not name defendant as recipient of the identifying information because the inclusion of the recipient\u2019s name is neither an element of the offense nor required by statute. In looking at the sum of the information included in White\u2019s indictment, I believe that White was not prejudiced by the fact that the indictment failed to name defendant as the recipient; thus the purpose of the indictment has been served. Therefore, because I believe the trial court erred in dismissing the charges against White, I would reverse the decision and remand for a sentencing hearing of White. I concur in all other aspects of the majority opinion.", "type": "concurring-in-part-and-dissenting-in-part", "author": "ELMORE, Judge," } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorneys General Kimberly N. Callahan and Joseph L. Hyde, for the State.", "Appellate Defender Staples S. Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Andrew J. DeSimone, for Defendant Eric Steven Jones.", "Brock, Payne & Meece, P.A., by C. Scott Holmes, for Defendant Jerry Alvin White." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ERIC STEVEN JONES and JERRY ALVIN WHITE\nNo. COA12-282\n(Filed 20 November 2012)\n1. Identity Theft \u2014 sufficiency of evidence \u2014 representation as credit card holders\nThe trial court did not err in an identity theft case by denying defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss for insufficient evidence. The State presented sufficient evidence that defendant intended to fraudulently represent himself as the persons whose credit card numbers he used to make various purchases.\n2. Appeal and Error \u2014 preservation of issues \u2014 sufficiency of evidence \u2014 argument not raised at trial\nDefendant\u2019s argument that the trial court erred by denying his motion to dismiss the charge of identity theft because the State failed to prove that defendant possessed the credit card numbers of three or more natural persons was dismissed. Defendant failed to raise this argument before the trial court and thus, this argument was not properly preserved for appellate review.\n3. Appeal and Error \u2014 preservation of issues \u2014 indictment\u2014 fatal variance \u2014 argument not raised at trial\nDefendant\u2019s argument that the trial court erred by denying his motion to dismiss the charge of identity theft because a fatal variance existed between his identity theft indictment and the evidence produced at trial was dismissed. Defendant\u2019s trial counsel never made an argument in the trial court that the evidence at trial varied from the facts alleged in the indictment and thus, this argument was not properly preserved for appellate review. Further, no variance existed between the proof at trial and the factual allegations in the indictment.\n4. Identity Fraud\u2014 evidence \u2014 admission of other debit cards \u2014 preservation of issues \u2014 no abuse of discretion\nThe trial court did not err in an identity theft case by allowing the State to introduce evidence that, when arrested, defendant possessed debit and EBT cards of two persons other than the victims in this case (\u201cthe other cards\u201d). At the pretrial hearing, defendant made no argument that the other cards should be excluded under N.C.G.S. \u00a7 8C-1, Rule 404(b) and thus, this argument was not properly preserved for appellate review. Further, the decision to admit evidence of the other cards was not manifestly unsupported by reason or so arbitrary that it could not have been the result of a reasoned decision.\n5. Indictment and Information \u2014 obtaining property by false pretenses \u2014 insufficient\nThe trial court did not err by granting defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of obtaining property by false pretenses where the indictment was insufficient to sustain the charge.\n6. Indictment and Information \u2014 trafficking in stolen identities \u2014 insufficient\nThe trial court did not err by granting defendant White\u2019s motion to dismiss the charges of trafficking in stolen identities. The State failed to allege in the bill of indictment the name of the person to whom the transfer was made or that his name was unknown.\nJudge ELMORE dissenting.\nAppeals by Defendant Eric Steven Jones from judgment entered 7 September 2011 and by the State from orders entered 7 September 2011 by Judge Robert C. Ervin in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 29 August 2012.\nAttorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorneys General Kimberly N. Callahan and Joseph L. Hyde, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Staples S. Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Andrew J. DeSimone, for Defendant Eric Steven Jones.\nBrock, Payne & Meece, P.A., by C. Scott Holmes, for Defendant Jerry Alvin White." }, "file_name": "0487-01", "first_page_order": 497, "last_page_order": 517 }