{ "id": 6788896, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES ALLEN MINYARD", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Minyard", "decision_date": "2014-01-07", "docket_number": "No. COA13-377", "first_page": "605", "last_page": "627", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "231 N.C. App. 605" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "644 S.E.2d 206", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12638296 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "221", "parenthetical": "quotation marks and citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/644/0206-01" ] }, { "cite": "616 S.E.2d 650", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633605 ], "weight": 4, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "657" }, { "page": "678-79" }, { "page": "655", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks and citations omitted" }, { "page": "655" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/616/0650-01" ] }, { "cite": "668 S.E.2d 46", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12642212 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "49" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/668/0046-01" ] }, { "cite": "643 S.E.2d 34", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12638055 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "38" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/643/0034-01" ] }, { "cite": "631 S.E.2d 522", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12636185 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2006, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "524-25" }, { "page": "524" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/631/0522-01" ] }, { "cite": "647 S.E.2d 440", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12638955 ], "weight": 5, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "563-64" }, { "page": "448-49" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/647/0440-01" ] }, { "cite": "612 S.E.2d 366", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12632817 ], "weight": 9, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "380" }, { "page": "371" }, { "page": "380-81" }, { "page": "371", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "371" }, { "page": "371" }, { "page": "371" }, { "page": "371", "parenthetical": "\"[T]he evidence presented showed defendant committed several overt acts, including touching L.W.'s breast and vaginal area, demonstrating intent to commit a sexual act.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/612/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "644 S.E.2d 615", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12638420 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "621" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/644/0615-01" ] }, { "cite": "429 S.E.2d 416", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "423-24" }, { "page": "423" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "110 N.C. App. 155", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525102 ], "year": 1993, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/110/0155-01" ] }, { "cite": "420 U.S. 162", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11643095 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "163-64" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/420/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "223 U.S. 442", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3663096 ], "year": 1912, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "455", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/223/0442-01" ] }, { "cite": "434 P.2d 440", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 4902124 ], "year": 1967, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444", "parenthetical": "\"The defendant's voluntary absence waives his right to be present and he cannot thereafter complain of a situation which he created.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nev/83/0461-01" ] }, { "cite": "874 F.2d 852", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1816437 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "865", "parenthetical": "Selya, J., concurring" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/874/0852-01" ] }, { "cite": "309 P.2d 949", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "955-56" }, { "page": "957", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "957" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "7 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 425", "category": "journals:journal", "reporter": "Loy. L.A. L. Rev.", "year": 1974, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "442-43" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "229 S.E.2d 314", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "317", "parenthetical": "holding the defendant's action of leaving during the jury charge was a voluntary waiver of his right to be present" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "31 N.C. App. 323", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8549273 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "327", "parenthetical": "holding the defendant's action of leaving during the jury charge was a voluntary waiver of his right to be present" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/31/0323-01" ] }, { "cite": "609 S.E.2d 241", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "246" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "168 N.C. App. 614", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8471327 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "622" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/168/0614-01" ] }, { "cite": "200 S.E.2d 659", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "284 N.C. 255", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561286, 8561224, 8561265, 8561238, 8561309 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/284/0255-04", "/nc/284/0255-01", "/nc/284/0255-03", "/nc/284/0255-02", "/nc/284/0255-05" ] }, { "cite": "199 S.E.2d 134", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "137" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "19 N.C. App. 480", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8554405 ], "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "485" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/19/0480-01" ] }, { "cite": "374 S.E.2d 573", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "575" }, { "page": "575" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "323 N.C. 684", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2565596 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "689" }, { "page": "688" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/323/0684-01" ] }, { "cite": "361 N.C. 234", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3738718 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "259", "parenthetical": "quotation marks and citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/361/0234-01" ] }, { "cite": "172 N.C. App. 673", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8321231 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "682" }, { "page": "678-79" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/172/0673-01" ] }, { "cite": "683 S.E.2d 208", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "363 N.C. 622", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4150426 ], "year": 2009, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/363/0622-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 N.C. App. 458", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4161834 ], "year": 2008, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "461" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/193/0458-01" ] }, { "cite": "705 S.E.2d 787", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "791-92", "parenthetical": "holding a defendant was denied a fair trial because the trial court did not inquire sua sponte into her competency" }, { "page": "792", "parenthetical": "\" [Defendants can be competent at one point in time and not competent at another.\"" }, { "page": "792" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "209 N.C. App. 522", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4181949 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "527-28", "parenthetical": "holding a defendant was denied a fair trial because the trial court did not inquire sua sponte into her competency" }, { "page": "529" }, { "page": "528-29" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/209/0522-01" ] }, { "cite": "533 S.E.2d 557", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "559", "parenthetical": "quotation marks and citation omitted" }, { "page": "560" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "139 N.C. App. 387", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9496800 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "390", "parenthetical": "quotation marks and citation omitted" }, { "page": "391" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/139/0387-01" ] }, { "cite": "495 S.E.2d 752", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "756", "parenthetical": "holding defendant's actions in giving massages to young boys while wearing only his underwear and the child wearing only shorts were \"for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "128 N.C. App. 592", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11656120 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "599", "parenthetical": "holding defendant's actions in giving massages to young boys while wearing only his underwear and the child wearing only shorts were \"for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/128/0592-01" ] }, { "cite": "2009 WL 3818845", "category": "reporters:specialty_west", "reporter": "WL", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "unpublished" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "688 S.E.2d 118", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "unpublished" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "201 N.C. App. 159", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "unpublished" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "696 S.E.2d 527", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2010, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "364 N.C. 129", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "year": 2010, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "684 S.E.2d 513", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "520" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "200 N.C. App. 696", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4172271 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "706" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/200/0696-01" ] }, { "cite": "182 N.C. App. 698", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8175807 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "705" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/182/0698-01" ] }, { "cite": "689 S.E.2d 412", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "425", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "201 N.C. App. 161", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4173140 ], "year": 2009, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/201/0161-01" ] }, { "cite": "178 N.C. App. 337", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8377603 ], "year": 2006, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/178/0337-01" ] }, { "cite": "391 S.E.2d 177", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "180" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 561", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5306007 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "567" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0561-01" ] }, { "cite": "679 S.E.2d 414", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "417-18", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "418", "parenthetical": "quotation and citation omitted" }, { "page": "418", "parenthetical": "citation and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "418", "parenthetical": "citation and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "198 N.C. App. 169", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4169328 ], "weight": 3, "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "173", "parenthetical": "citations and quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "174" }, { "page": "174" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/198/0169-01" ] }, { "cite": "642 S.E.2d 509", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "513-14" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "182 N.C. App. 406", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8172566 ], "year": 2007, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/182/0406-01" ] }, { "cite": "587 S.E.2d 69", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding the requisite intent existed in an attempted statutory sexual offense where the sexual act did not occur" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "357 N.C. 468", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 491467, 491852, 491663, 491474, 491763, 491672, 491610, 491644, 491678 ], "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "holding the requisite intent existed in an attempted statutory sexual offense where the sexual act did not occur" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/357/0468-07", "/nc/357/0468-02", "/nc/357/0468-09", "/nc/357/0468-06", "/nc/357/0468-04", "/nc/357/0468-08", "/nc/357/0468-03", "/nc/357/0468-05", "/nc/357/0468-01" ] }, { "cite": "579 S.E.2d 895", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "899", "parenthetical": "holding the requisite intent existed in an attempted statutory sexual offense where the sexual act did not occur" }, { "page": "899", "parenthetical": "\"Defendant's placement of his penis in front of victim's face, coupled with his demand for oral sex, comprise an overt act[.]\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "158 N.C. App. 79", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9186011 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2003, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "85", "parenthetical": "holding the requisite intent existed in an attempted statutory sexual offense where the sexual act did not occur" }, { "page": "85" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/158/0079-01" ] }, { "cite": "184 N.C. App. 553", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8186977 ], "year": 2007, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/184/0553-01" ] }, { "cite": "281 S.E.2d 159", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "161", "parenthetical": "noting that corroborative testimony cannot be considered \"substantive evidence of the facts stated\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "303 N.C. 666", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8575112 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "669", "parenthetical": "noting that corroborative testimony cannot be considered \"substantive evidence of the facts stated\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/303/0666-01" ] }, { "cite": "170 N.C. App. 374", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9005493 ], "weight": 5, "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "380" }, { "page": "380-81" }, { "page": "380" }, { "page": "380" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/170/0374-01" ] }, { "cite": "369 S.E.2d 636", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "638" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 N.C. App. 622", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525719 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "624-25" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/90/0622-01" ] }, { "cite": "477 S.E.2d 915", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "921" }, { "page": "921" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "344 N.C. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 867671 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1996, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "667" }, { "page": "667" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/344/0658-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.1", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 2, "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(4)" }, { "page": "(4)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "745 S.E.2d 367", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2013, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "370" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "235 S.E.2d 828", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "842" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "293 N.C. 105", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561617 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "128" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/293/0105-01" ] }, { "cite": "539 S.E.2d 351", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "355", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Hardy, 293 N.C. 105, 128, 235 S.E.2d 828, 842 (1977)" }, { "page": "355", "parenthetical": "quotation and citation omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "141 N.C. App. 98", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 9439841 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "101", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Hardy, 293 N.C. 105, 128, 235 S.E.2d 828, 842 (1977)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/141/0098-01" ] }, { "cite": "456 S.E.2d 861", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "865", "parenthetical": "citing Ritchie, 480 U.S. at 39" }, { "page": "865" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "118 N.C. App. 589", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11920020 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "592", "parenthetical": "citing Ritchie, 480 U.S. at 39" }, { "page": "592" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/118/0589-01" ] }, { "cite": "480 U.S. 39", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1131144 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "39" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/480/0039-01" ] }, { "cite": "597 S.E.2d 717", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "721", "parenthetical": "\"Conclusions of law drawn by the trial court from its findings of fact are reviewable de novo on appeal.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "358 N.C. 512", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2987016 ], "year": 2004, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "517", "parenthetical": "\"Conclusions of law drawn by the trial court from its findings of fact are reviewable de novo on appeal.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/358/0512-01" ] }, { "cite": "712 S.E.2d 874", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "878" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "365 N.C. 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4153463 ], "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "168" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/365/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "356 S.E.2d 328", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "334" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "319 N.C. 577", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4743418 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "585" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/319/0577-01" ] }, { "cite": "527 S.E.2d 921", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "internal citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "351 N.C. 627", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1155623 ], "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "internal citations and quotation marks omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/351/0627-01" ] }, { "cite": "515 S.E.2d 488", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "493" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "133 N.C. App. 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11219037 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "298" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/133/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "183 N.C. App. 514", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8204534 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "523" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/183/0514-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-202.1", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 3, "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)(1)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.4", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 2, "year": 2011, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)(l)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1851, "char_count": 55094, "ocr_confidence": 0.727, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.253049899916688e-08, "percentile": 0.33035497436337025 }, "sha256": "86af34c96b92ccb0db810fe8060e2819a4a42100f52c1b2b582fdad26c812e99", "simhash": "1:03a8d66876cf8d56", "word_count": 9071 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:32:40.304740+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges ELMORE and DAVIS concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES ALLEN MINYARD" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "HUNTER, JR., Robert N., Judge.\nJames Allen Minyard (\u201cDefendant\u201d) appeals from a 16 August 2013 judgment entered after a jury convicted him of (i) attempted first degree sexual offense; (ii) five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor; and (iii) attaining habitual felon status. Defendant argues the trial court erred by (i) denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charge of attempted first degree sexual offense; (ii) denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor; and (iii) by not conducting a sua sponte inquiry into Defendant\u2019s capacity to proceed. Defendant also asks this Court to review documents inspected in camera by the trial court to determine whether Defendant received all exculpatory materials contained therein. After careful review, we hold the trial court did not err.\nI. Facts & Procedural History\nA Burke County grand jury indicted Defendant on 14 September 2009 for first degree sexual offense and six counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor, D.B. (\u201cTheodore\u201d). Defendant was also indicted as a habitual felon on 13 June 2011. The cases proceeded to a jury trial on 13 August 2012 in Burke County Superior Court. At the close of the State\u2019s evidence, the trial court dismissed one count of taking indecent liberties with a minor and the charge of first degree sexual offense and allowed the charge of attempted first degree sexual offense and the five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor to proceed to trial. The jury found Defendant guilty of attempted first degree sexual offense, five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor, and of attaining habitual felon status. The trial court issued concurrent sentences of 225-279 months imprisonment for attempted sexual offense and 121-155 months for the five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor. The five sentences were consolidated into a single Class C judgment. Defendant entered written notice of appeal on 21 August 2012. The testimony presented at trial tended to show the following facts.\nIn February 2008, Defendant began dating Theodore\u2019s mother (\u201cPamela\u201d) after meeting on an Internet dating website. Pamela testified that her relationship with Defendant began well: the two spent time together, took trips together, and \u201chad a good time.\u201d Pamela has three children: a son who was seven years old at the time of trial (\u201cPhillip\u201d), a daughter who was eleven years old at the time of trial (\u201cPaulina\u201d), and Theodore, who was thirteen years old at the time of trial. Pamela testified that Theodore has an IQ of 64, which \u201cmeant that he was mildly mentally retarded.\u201d Pamela testified that Defendant also had children at the time she met Defendant, including a six-year-old son (\u201cDaniel\u201d) and an infant daughter (\u201cDiana\u201d) he saw every other weekend.\nDefendant and Pamela\u2019s relationship was not physically intimate. Pamela testified that \u201c[a]fter several months I would question him a lot about why he never hugged me, why he never kissed me. We never had any intimacy at all.\u201d When asked about the lack of intimacy, Pamela stated that Defendant told her \u201cthat he had been hurt in the past and that he had already ruined lives by having children and he didn\u2019t want to ruin any more.\u201d\nDuring their relationship, Pamela testified that Defendant \u201cseemed to love my boys. He would always ask for the boys to come over and spend the night with [Daniel] and two other little boys that he kept a lot.\u201d Pamela testified that Theodore and Phillip spent the evening at Defendant\u2019s house \u201coften,\u201d and at least one night a month while Pamela attended her scrapbooking club. Pamela spent evenings at Defendant\u2019s home \u201con the weekends he would get his daughter . . . because he said he didn\u2019t want to be alone with [Diana] because he never wanted something said... about him being alone with his daughter.\u201d Pamela testified that during her visits with Defendant, she would \u201csleep on the couch and [one of the little boys he kept] would sleep in his room with him, or if I slept in his bed then he would put pillows between us from my head to my feet.\u201d Defendant and Pamela\u2019s relationship lasted eighteen months and ended in July 2009, with Pamela telling Defendant \u201cto make up his mind about me. If he couldn\u2019t be intimate and go further in the relationship, then I - that isn\u2019t what I wanted.\u201d\nIn March 2008, Pamela was hospitalized for gastric bypass surgery and gave Defendant power of attorney over her children. Pamela\u2019s mother (\u201cGrandmother\u201d) stayed with Pamela during her surgery, eventually leaving to see her grandchildren at Defendant\u2019s home. Grandmother said Defendant \u201cwouldn\u2019t let [her] have [Pamela\u2019s] children . . . and he said he was going to call the Law on me.\u201d When a member of the sheriff\u2019s department arrived at Defendant\u2019s house, Grandmother testified that she spoke with the sheriff and left after finding out about the power of attorney. Grandmother testified that she liked Defendant at the start of the relationship with Pamela: \u201cI thought that, you know, because they\u2019d get out and go to those races and, you know, to Pizza Hut and have birthday parties with the kids. And I thought he was all right then.\u201d\nPamela testified that Theodore asked to stop going to Defendant\u2019s house in December 2008. Pamela said Theodore did not tell her why he wished to stop visiting Defendant at that time. In March 2009, Pamela said Theodore told her Defendant touched him. Pamela asked Defendant about touching Theodore, and Pamela testified that Defendant said he only touched Theodore when he helped bathe him. Theodore was present and Pamela testified that Theodore didn\u2019t disagree with Defendant\u2019s statement. Pamela also said Theodore was nine at the time and did not need her help bathing at that age. Pamela testified that around that time Theodore \u201cstarted having nightmares and would wake up saying he was scared\u201d and \u201cwould go to the bathroom and say that he was bleeding and that he was hurting.\u201d Pamela also testified she saw Theodore\u2019s bloody stools \u201ctwo or three times.\u201d\nIn August 2009, Grandmother was watching Theodore during his summer vacation from school. Theodore began experiencing pain going to the bathroom:\nA. He was at my home. He was staying the week with me, so - before he went back to school. And he had went to the bathroom and he come in there and said that he was hurting. And I asked him what was wrong. And he said that [Defendant] had hurt him in his behind and -\nQ. Did he - did he say anything more particular than that or was that exactly what he said?\nA. He just said he entered - I can\u2019t remember the exact words - but he entered his bottom, his behind.\nQ. All right. Did he say anything about touching his private part?\nA. Yeah.\nQ. What did he say about that?\nA. He said he played with his, his front ends (phonetic).\nQ. Okay. And when he told you that what was his demeanor like?\nA. He was just crying, upset.\nGrandmother called Pamela and asked if Theodore recounted these events to her, and Pamela said he had not. Grandmother called the Burke County Department of Social Services (\u201cDSS\u201d). Grandmother also said she was unaware that Defendant and Pamela were no longer dating at that time. Pamela asked Theodore about Grandmother\u2019s statements after Grandmother\u2019s phone call:\nQ. Okay. Did you ever talk to [Theodore] after that?\nA. I did.\nQ. About [Defendant] touching him?\nA. I did.\nQ. What did he tell you?\nA. He said that [Defendant] would spit in his hand and pull on his weenie, and that he would make him lay on his side and he would stick his weenie up his butt.\nQ. Okay. And what did you do once you heard that?\nA. I sent [Defendant] a really bad e-mail.\nQ. Okay. And did [Theodore] tell you about how many times that happened?\nA. He said five or six times.\nPamela contacted Defendant on 12 August 2009 and asked him to leave her alone. Pamela also stated that Defendant said \u201che did not want me to take [Phillip] out of his life and that I didn\u2019t deserve to have him.\u201d Pamela said Defendant began requesting reimbursement for repairs Defendant made to the heat pump on her home and that Defendant filed a lawsuit against Pamela seeking $1,279 in reimbursement for his work on the heat pump.\nPamela spoke with DSS on 18 August 2009, and thereafter took Theodore to the Burke County Child Advocacy Center, known as the Gingerbread House (\u201cGingerbread House\u201d). Shelley Winters (\u201cMs. Winters\u201d), a forensic interviewer at the Gingerbread House, interviewed Theodore on 19 August 2009. Ms. Winter\u2019s interview with Theodore was entered into evidence and played for the jury. Elizabeth Browning (\u201cMs. Browning\u201d), a sexual assault nurse examiner, examined Theodore on .21 August 2009. Ms. Browning performed a medical exam where she asked Theodore if he had \u201cany concerns about his body.\u201d Ms. Browning said:\nHe told me that [Defendant] had put his private in his butt and had touched his wee-wee. He told me that he had spit on his finger and touched his . . . his weenie[.] . . . And he said that when he put it in his butt that it hurt. He said that it was big and hairy. He told me not to tell my mama but I did.\nMs. Browning also observed that Theodore had a healed anal fissure. Ms. Browning noted that this was not abnormal and that a number of causes, such as large bowel movements, could create an anal fissure. Ms. Browning also said Theodore stated that the Defendant would be \u201cmean and whooped me ... in the bedroom in his - at his house.\u201d\nAgent Angeline Mary Bumgarner (\u201cAgent Bumgarner\u201d) of the Burke County Sheriff\u2019s Office worked as a child sex crimes detective and was assigned Theodore\u2019s case. Agent Bumgarner reviewed DSS reports concerning Theodore, reviewed video of Theodore\u2019s interview with Ms. Winters, reviewed Ms. Browning\u2019s medical report, spoke with Pamela, and charged Defendant with six counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor. Defendant was arrested on 21 August 2009. After arrest, Defendant made a statement that Agent Bumgarner read into evidence:\n\u201cI, [Defendant], want to make the following statement: I started dating [Pamela] on February 8,2008.1 was comfortable with her and her kids and they were comfortable with me. Around the first part of March, 2009, [Pamela] contacted me and said [Theodore] told her that I had touched [Theodore], he wouldn\u2019t tell how he was touched. I told [Pamela] that I didn\u2019t want to be around her or her kids because I was paranoid because I didn\u2019t want to lose my own kids. [Pamela] begged me to come back, she would come over but I wouldn\u2019t let [Theodore] stay the night unless she was there. Whenever [Pamela\u2019s] kids stayed the night, each one had their own areas to sleep; there was a bunk bed, [Diana\u2019s] bedroom or the couch. Every now and then [Phillip], would sneek (sic) in my room and sleep and I would tell [Pamela] everytime (sic) that happened. I just had [Pamela] served for work that I did for her and money I used from my company to do the work.\u201d\nTheodore testified at trial, saying that Defendant touched \u201c[m]y butt and my wiener.\u201d When asked what part of Defendant\u2019s body touched him, Theodore said \u201c[h]is wiener. His wiener.\u201d Theodore stated that Defendant\u2019s \u201cwiener\u201d touched his \u201cbutt\u201d four or five times in Defendant\u2019s bedroom. Theodore testified that Defendant used to spank him with a leather belt and told Theodore not tell anyone about the spanking. When the State\u2019s counsel asked \u201chow did his weenie touch your bottom?,\u201d Theodore answered that he did not remember how it happened. Theodore said Defendant\u2019s \u201cweenie\u201d touching his bottom made him sad. Theodore stated that he told Grandmother about Defendant touching him while he was in the bathtub. Theodore also testified that he spoke to Pamela, Grandmother, and to someone at the Gingerbread House about Defendant touching him.\nDefendant moved to dismiss all charges at the close of the State\u2019s evidence. The trial court allowed the motion to dismiss the charges of first degree sexual offense and one charge of indecent liberties with a child, but allowed the charges of attempted first degree sexual offense and the remaining five charges of indecent liberties with a minor to proceed.\nDefendant recounted positive experiences at the start of his relationship with Pamela, such as taking Pamela\u2019s children on road trips to Tweetsie Railroad, Grandfather Mountain, and the Blue Ridge Parkway. Defendant testified that he had diabetes, a prior gastric bypass surgery, and erectile dysfunction that affected his relationship with Pamela \u201chorribly.\u201d Defendant testified that he took several types of medication to treat his erectile dysfunction and that \u201cnone of it worked.\u201d Defendant doubled his dosage \u201cin hopes that, you know, I could give her the one thing that she wanted most in me.\u201d Defendant said his erectile dysfunction contributed to his breakup with Pamela. Regarding Theodore\u2019s pain using the restroom, Defendant testified that Theodore experienced pain using the restroom, suffered from constipation, and experienced large resulting bowel movements. Defendant testified that he had to remove and repair toilets occasionally after Theodore used the restroom, and that he did not believe Theodore received medication to treat the issue. Defendant also said that Grandmother did not like him from \u201cday one.\u201d\nDefendant testified about a two-week vacation to Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee beginning 1 July 2009. Defendant, Pamela, Theodore, Phillip, Paulina, Daniel, Defendant\u2019s brother, and Defendant\u2019s brother\u2019s girlfriend and her children went on the trip. During the trip, Defendant planned to \u201cstop by the chapel there in Pigeon Forge\u201d and marry Pamela. However, Defendant testified that, \u201cthe closer the time got to us being in that position, something just scared the socks off me and just said, you know, \u2018Don\u2019t do it.\u2019 \u201d Defendant and Pamela\u2019s relationship ended shortly after in July 2009. Defendant renewed his motion to dismiss at the close of his case.\nAfter the jury began deliberations, Defendant\u2019s counsel notified the court that Defendant was \u201chaving a little problem.\u201d Defendant was asked to \u201cstay vertical\u201d and the trial court told him:\n[Defendant], you\u2019ve been able to join us all the way through this. And let me suggest to you that you continue to do that. If you go out on us, I very likely will revoke your conditions of release. I\u2019ll order you arrested. We\u2019ll call emergency medical services; we\u2019ll let them examine you. If you\u2019re healthy, you\u2019ll be here laid out on a stretcher if need be. If you\u2019re not healthy, we will continue on without you, whether you\u2019re here or not. So do your very best to stay vertical, stay conscious, stay with us.\nBefore the jury returned, the trial court received a report that Defendant had \u201coverdosed.\u201d One of Defendant\u2019s witnesses, Evelyn Gantt, told the court that Defendant consumed eight Xanax pills because \u201c [h] e was just worried about the outcome and I don\u2019t know why he took the pills.\u201d Defendant\u2019s counsel and the State did not wish to be heard on the issue and Defendant\u2019s pretrial release was revoked. The sheriff was directed to have Defendant examined by emergency medical services (\u201cEMS\u201d), and Defendant was then escorted from the courtroom. The court then made findings of fact:\nThe Court finds Defendant left the courtroom without his lawyer.\nThe Court finds that while the jury was in deliberation - the jury had a question concerning an issue in the case - and prior to the jurors being returned to the courtroom for a determination of the question, the Court directed the Defendant to - who was in the courtroom at that point - to return to the Defendant\u2019s table with his counsel. Defendant refused, but remained in the courtroom. The Court permitted that.\nThe Court noticed that after the question was resolved with the juror, that while the jury was out in deliberations working on Defendant\u2019s case, the Defendant took an overdose of Xanax. While he was here in the courtroom and while the jury was still out in deliberations, Defendant became lethargic and slumped over in the courtroom.\nThe Court finds that outside of the jury\u2019s presence the Court noted that Defendant was stuporous and refused to cooperate with the Court and refused reasonable requests by bailiffs.\nThe Court finds that Defendant\u2019s conduct on the occasion disrupted the proceedings of the Court and took substantial amount of time to resolve how the Court should proceed. The Court finally ordered that Defendant\u2019s conditions of pretrial release be revoked and ordered the Defendant into the custody of the sheriff, requesting the sheriff to get a medical evaluation of the Defendant.\nThe Court finds that Defendant, by his own conduct, voluntarily disrupted the proceedings in this matter by stopping the proceedings for a period of time so the Court might resolve the issue of his overdose.\nThe Court notes that the - with the consent of the State and Defendant\u2019s counsel that the jurors continued in deliberation and continued to review matters that were requested by them by way of question.\nThe Court infers from Defendant\u2019s conduct on the occasion that it was an attempt by him to gamer sympathy from the jurors. However, the Court notes that all of Defendant\u2019s conduct that was observable was outside of the jury\u2019s presence.\nThe Court notes that both State and Defendant prefer that the Court not instruct jurors about Defendant\u2019s absence. And the Court made no reference to Defendant being absent when jurors came in with response to - or in response to question or questions that had been asked.\nAfter the jury entered its verdict, the trial court amended its statement after EMS indicated that Defendant consumed \u201cfifteen Klonopin\u201d and two 40-ounce alcoholic beverages, which the court inferred were from the \u201ctwo beer cans . . . found in the back of his truck.\u201d Defendant was tried and sentenced as a habitual felon on 16 August 2012. Defendant made a motion to dismiss at the close of evidence in his habitual felon proceeding, which was denied. Defendant timely filed his notice of appeal on 21 August 2012.\nII. Jurisdiction & Standard of Review\nDefendant appeals as of right from a decision of the trial court. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7\u00a7 7A-27(b), 15A-1444(a) (2011).\nDefendant raises three issues on appeal. The first issue concerns whether sufficient evidence exists showing Defendant attempted to penetrate Theodore\u2019s anus with his penis in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.4(a)(l) (2011). Defendant argues that insufficient evidence existed and that his motion to dismiss was thus improperly denied. The second issue on appeal is whether sufficient evidence exists to show Defendant committed five counts of indecent liberties with a minor in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-202.1(a)(1) (2011). Defendant again argues his motion to dismiss these counts was improperly denied. The first two issues are issues of law, and reviewed de novo. State v. Bagley, 183 N.C. App. 514, 523, 644 S.E.2d 615, 621 (2007). Further:\nA motion to dismiss should be denied if there is substantial evidence of each essential element of the charged offense and substantial evidence that the defendant is the individual who committed it. Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. The court must consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. Furthermore, the State is entitled to every reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence.\nCircumstantial evidence may withstand a motion to dismiss and support a conviction even when the evidence does not rule out every hypothesis of innocence. The evidence need only give rise to a reasonable inference of guilt in order for it to be properly submitted to the jury for a determination of defendant\u2019s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.\nState v. Foreman, 133 N.C. App. 292, 298, 515 S.E.2d 488, 493 (1999) aff\u2019d as modified, 351 N.C. 627, 527 S.E.2d 921 (2000) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). \u201cAny contradictions or discrepancies in the evidence are for the jury to resolve and do not warrant dismissal.\u201d State v. Rasor, 319 N.C. 577, 585, 356 S.E.2d 328, 334 (1987).\nThe third issue on appeal is whether the court improperly failed to institute, sua sponte, a competency hearing during the trial when Defendant became \u201cstuporous and non-responsive\u201d during the trial. This issue is a question of law, and is reviewed de novo. \u201cConclusions of law are reviewed de novo and are subject to full review.\u201d State v. Biber, 365 N.C. 162, 168, 712 S.E.2d 874, 878 (2011); see also Carolina Power & Light Co. v. City of Asheville, 358 N.C. 512, 517, 597 S.E.2d 717, 721 (2004) (\u201cConclusions of law drawn by the trial court from its findings of fact are reviewable de novo on appeal.\u201d).\nLastly, Defendant asks this Court to review sealed documents provided to the trial court for in camera review of Theodore\u2019s medical and other records to determine if Defendant received all exculpatory evidence. Pennsylvania v. Ritchie, 480 U.S. 39 (1987), the United States Supreme Court held that a defendant accused of sexual abuse of a child may \u201chave confidential records of a child abuse agency turned over to the trial court for in camera review and release of material information.\u201d State v. Kelly, 118 N.C. App. 589, 592, 456 S.E.2d 861, 865 (1995) (citing Ritchie, 480 U.S. at 39). If the trial court conducts an in camera inspection but denies the defendant\u2019s request for the evidence, the evidence should be sealed and \u201cplaced in the record for appellate review.\u201d State v. McGill, 141 N.C. App. 98, 101, 539 S.E.2d 351, 355 (2000) (quoting State v. Hardy, 293 N.C. 105, 128, 235 S.E.2d 828, 842 (1977)). Further:\nOn appeal, this Court is required to examine the sealed records to determine if they contain information that is both favorable to the accused and material to [either his] guilt or punishment. If the sealed records contain evidence which is both \u201cfavorable\u201d and \u201cmaterial,\u201d defendant is constitutionally entitled to disclosure of this evidence.\nId. at 101-02, 539 S.E.2d at 355 (quotation and citation omitted). We review the trial court\u2019s determination of whether a sealed record contains exculpatory evidence de novo. State v. McCoy, _ N.C. App. _, _, 745 S.E.2d 367, 370 (2013).\nAnalysis\ni. Attempted First Degree Sexual Offense\nDefendant argues the trial court erred by denying his motion to dismiss and allowing the State to present evidence to the jury concerning his first charge, attempted first degree sexual offense. We disagree.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.4 (2011) provides:\n(a) A person is guilty of a sexual offense in the first degree if the person engages in a sexual act:\n(1) With a victim who is a child under the age of 13 years and the defendant is at least 12 years old and is at least four years older than the victim.\nA sexual act is defined as \u201ccunnilingus, fellatio, anaiingus, or anal intercourse, but does not include vaginal intercourse. Sexual act also means the penetration, however slight, by any object into the genital or anal opening of another person\u2019s body: provided, that it shall be an affirmative defense that the penetration was for accepted medical purposes.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.1(4) (2011). \u201cThe elements of an attempt to commit any crime are: (1) the intent to commit the substantive offense, and (2) an overt act done for that purpose which goes beyond mere preparation, but (3) falls short of the completed offense.\u201d State v. Miller, 344 N.C. 658, 667, 477 S.E.2d 915, 921 (1996). The State need not present evidence of an actual attempted penetration, but the evidence presented must be sufficient to show the defendant intended to engage in the completed offense. State v. Dunston, 90 N.C. App. 622, 624-25, 369 S.E.2d 636, 638 (1988).\nHere, the age requirements are satisfied: Defendant was forty-five years old and Theodore was nine years old in March 2009, when Theodore first spoke of Defendant touching him in the bathtub. We next turn to whether there is a scintilla of evidence showing Defendant\u2019s intent. In State v. Buff, 170 N.C. App. 374, 612 S.E.2d 366 (2005), the defendant argued the State did not put forward sufficient evidence for an attempted second degree sexual offense. Id. at 380, 612 S.E.2d at 371. This Court held substantial evidence existed and affirmed the trial court\u2019s denial of the motion to dismiss:\nWaters testified that he observed defendant \u201c[go] down her pants\u201d while fondling L.W.\u2019s breast. He then observed defendant remove L.W.\u2019s pants and touch her \u201cprivate,\u201d which was clarified to mean between her legs, but did not observe him insert anything inside her private. As noted previously, L.W. testified that she never consented to any type of sexual conduct with defendant, and sufficient evidence as to L.W.\u2019s physical helplessness was offered. Therefore, when taken in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence presented showed defendant committed several overt acts, including touching L.W.\u2019s breast and vaginal area, demonstrating intent to commit a sexual act against L.W.\u2019s will and without her consent. The evidence, therefore, was sufficient to reach the jury as to the charge of attempted second degree sexual offense.\nId. at 380-81, 612 S.E.2d at 371 (emphasis added).\nHere, only Theodore\u2019s testimony could be considered when the trial court denied the motion to dismiss. State v. Ludlum, 303 N.C. 666, 669, 281 S.E.2d 159, 161 (1981) (noting that corroborative testimony cannot be considered \u201csubstantive evidence of the facts stated\u201d). The trial court recognized this and re-stated only Theodore\u2019s testimony before denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss on attempted first degree sexual offense. Theodore\u2019s testimony, taken in the light most favorable to the State, shows Defendant \u201ccommitted several overt acts... demonstrating intent to commit a sexual act.\u201d Buff, 170 N.C. App. at 380, 612 S.E.2d at 371. The act of placing one\u2019s penis on a child\u2019s buttocks provides substantive evidence of intent to commit a first degree sexual offense, specifically anal intercourse. See N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-27.1(4); Buff 170 N.C. App. at 380-81, 612 S.E.2d at 371.\nDefendant points to testimony showing intent in State v. Mueller, 184 N.C. App. 553, 647 S.E.2d 440 (2007). In Mueller, the defendant took his victim to secluded areas and would \u201cplace his penis between her thighs and move back and forth until he ejaculated on her.\u201d Id. at 563-64, 647 S.E.2d at 448-49. The defendant in Mueller repeated this act over several years and also told the victim \u201che loved her and wanted to have sex with her.\u201d Id. This Court held the defendant\u2019s actions were sufficient for the trial court to find the evidence of intent required for attempt. Id. Defendant argues Mueller \u201csharply\u201d contrasts with the present case; however, the distinction is inappropriate. While the acts in Mueller and statements by the defendant clearly show the intent necessary for attempt, so too did the State\u2019s evidence in Buff where \u201cdefendant committed several overt acts, including touching L.W.\u2019s breast and vaginal area, demonstrating intent to commit a sexual act.\u201d Buff, 170 N.C. App. at 380, 612 S.E.2d at 371. Similarly here, while Theodore did not testify that Defendant stated a desire to engage in anal intercourse with him, Defendant\u2019s acts themselves provide evidence of the required intent. Intent may be present in the absence of a fully completed act. See State v. Sines, 158 N.C. App. 79, 85, 579 S.E.2d 895, 899, cert. denied, 357 N.C. 468, 587 S.E.2d 69 (2003) (holding the requisite intent existed in an attempted statutory sexual offense where the sexual act did not occur). Thus the first element is satisfied.\nThe next required element is an overt act. Overt acts are sometimes coupled with demands for sexual acts. For example, in State v. Henderson, 182 N.C. App. 406, 642 S.E.2d 509 (2007), \u201c[t]he evidence in the instant case tended to show that defendant removed his pants, walked into the room where his seven-or eight-year-old daughter was seated, stood in front of her, and asked her to put his penis in her mouth.\u201d Id. at 412-13, 642 S.E.2d at 513-14. This was held to be an overt act satisfying the second element of attempt. Id.) see also Sines, 158 N.C. App. at 85, 579 S.E.2d at 899 (\u201cDefendant\u2019s placement of his penis in front of victim\u2019s face, coupled with his demand for oral sex, comprise an overt act[.]\u201d).\nTheodore\u2019s testimony does not include statements that Defendant demanded he perform a sexual act. However, the alleged acts themselves are overt acts exceeding mere preparation and statements of intent are not explicitly required. Buff, 170 N.C. App. at 380, 612 S.E.2d at 371 (\u201c[T]he evidence presented showed defendant committed several overt acts, including touching L.W.\u2019s breast and vaginal area, demonstrating intent to commit a sexual act.\u201d). Thus, Theodore\u2019s testimony that Defendant placed his penis on Theodore\u2019s buttocks satisfies the second element of attempt.\nLastly, the third element requires that the attempted crime was not consummated. Miller, 344 N.C. at 667, 477 S.E.2d at 921. Here, the trial court noted that only corroborative direct testimony showed Theodore\u2019s anus was penetrated by Defendant. However, Theodore\u2019s testimony by itself provides evidence of at least a non-consummated \u201csexual act\u201d and s\u00e1tisfies the evidentiary predicate for the third element of attempt.\nTaken in the totality of the circumstances, Theodore\u2019s statements provide the circumstantial and substantive evidence such that a jury could believe that Defendant intended to commit a first degree sexual offense against Theodore and that overt acts were taken toward that end. We therefore hold the trial court did not err in denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charge of attempted first degree sexual offense.\nii. Indecent Liberties with a Minor\nDefendant next argues the State presented insufficient evidence to support five counts of indecent liberties with a minor. Defendant argues that Theodore\u2019s statements that Defendant touched his buttocks with his penis \u201c \u2018four or five times\u2019 only establishes suspicion or conjecture that there were five touchings and not four.\u201d Defendant further argues Theodore\u2019s testimony was insufficient to establish the touchings occurred in separate incidents. We disagree.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-202.1 (2011) provides:\n(a) A person is guilty of taking indecent liberties with children if, being 16 years of age or more and at least five years older than the child in question, he either:\n(1) Willfully takes or attempts to take any immoral, improper, or indecent liberties with any child of either sex under the age of 16 years for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire; or\n(2) Willfully commits or attempts to commit any lewd or lascivious act upon or with the body or any part or member of the body of any child of either sex under the age of 16 years.\n\u00a7 14-202.1 does not require a completed sex act nor an offensive touching of the victim. \u201cIndecent liberties are defined as such liberties as the common sense of society would regard as indecent and improper. Neither a completed sex act nor an offensive touching of the victim are required to violate the statute.\u201d State v. McClary, 198 N.C. App. 169, 173, 679 S.E.2d 414, 417-18 (2009) (citations and quotation marks omitted). Further:\nThe State is required to show that the action by the defendant was for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire. A variety of acts may be considered indecent and may be performed to provide sexual gratification to the actor. Moreover, the variety of acts included under the statute demonstrate that the scope of the statute\u2019s protection is to encompass more types of deviant behavior and provide children with broader protection than that available under statutes proscribing other sexual acts.\nThe requirement that defendant\u2019s actions were for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire may be inferred from the evidence of the defendant\u2019s actions.\nId. at 173-74, 679 S.E.2d at 418 (quotation and citation omitted). Similar to first degree attempted sexual offense, \u201cthe crime of indecent liberties is a single offense which may be proved by evidence of the commission of any one of a number of acts.\u201d State v. Hartness, 326 N.C. 561, 567, 391 S.E.2d 177, 180 (1990).\nHere, Theodore, a mildly mentally retarded juvenile, testified that Defendant touched his \u201cbutt\u201d with his penis four or five times. These alleged actions are ones that \u201cthe common sense of society would regard as indecent and improper.\u201d McClary, 198 N.C. App. at 174, 679 S.E.2d at 418 (citation and quotation marks omitted). The statute is designed to protect children against a broader range of sexually deviant behaviors and Defendant\u2019s alleged conduct falls within that ambit. See id.\nA further issue is whether five total counts were justified by Theodore\u2019s testimony. Defendant argues that the \u201cState must show that the defendant took indecent liberties with the child in separate incidents, rather than as part of a single transaction or occurrence.\u201d To support this assertion, Defendant points to State v. Laney, 178 N.C. App. 337, 631 S.E.2d 522 (2006), where we held that a defendant who put his hands on a victim\u2019s breasts and inside the waistband of the victim\u2019s pants were one continuous act of touching and not separate and distinct sexual acts warranting multiple charges. Id. at 341, 631 S.E.2d at 524-25. In Laney, evidence showed that both touchings occurred on the same evening, 21 January 2004. Id. at 341, 631 S.E.2d at 524. Theodore\u2019s testimony shows neither that the alleged acts occurred either on the same evening or on separate occasions. However, this Court in State v. Williams, 201 N.C. App. 161, 689 S.E.2d 412 (2009) noted that no such requirement for discrete separate occasions is necessary when the alleged acts are more explicit than mere touchings:\n[I]n State v. James, 182 N.C. App. 698, 643 S.E.2d 34 (2007), this Court, in distinguishing State v. Laney, stated that as opposed to mere touching, \u201cmultiple sexual acts, even in a single encounter, may form the basis for multiple indictments for indecent liberties.\u201d James, 182 N.C. App. at 705, 643 S.E.2d at 38. Thus, this Court found that a different analytical path should be applied when dealing with \u201csexual acts\u201d as opposed to touching in the context of charges of indecent liberties. Id.\nId. at 185, 689 S.E.2d at 425 (emphasis added); see also State v. Coleman, 200 N.C. App. 696, 706, 684 S.E.2d 513, 520 (2009), rev. denied, 364 N.C. 129, 696 S.E.2d 527 (2010).\nThis Court held, in State v. Garrett, 201 N.C. App. 159, 688 S.E.2d 118, 2009 WL 3818845 (2009) (unpublished), that a child\u2019s corroborated testimony that a \u201cdefendant touched her private part, which she identified as her vagina\u201d was sufficient to show penetration in a rape case. Id. at *4 (emphasis added). The defendant in Garrett argued that the child\u2019s testimony was \u201cambiguous\u201d and showed only touching occurred, rather than penetration. Id. Here, similar facts exist: circumstantial evidence given by Theodore\u2019s family and attending physicians provide the scintilla of evidence necessary for the trial court to find that multiple sexual acts were committed against Theodore. Theodore\u2019s in court testimony describes an adult male touching a child while the child bathed and touching his buttocks with his penis \u201cfour or five times.\u201d The accusations levied by Theodore\u2019s in-court testimony are more properly categorized as distinct sexual acts similar to James, rather than mere \u201ctouchings\u201d as in Laney, and thus the multiple counts can be proper.\nNext, the requirement of \u201cpurpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire\u201d may be \u201cinferred from the evidence of defendant\u2019s actions.\u201d See N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-202.1; McClary, 198 N.C. App. at 174, 679 S.E.2d at 418 (citation and quotation marks omitted). Theodore\u2019s statements of Defendant\u2019s alleged actions provide ample evidence to infer Defendant\u2019s purpose of obtaining sexual gratification. Cf. State v. Creech, 128 N.C. App. 592, 599, 495 S.E.2d 752, 756 (1998) (holding defendant\u2019s actions in giving massages to young boys while wearing only his underwear and the child wearing only shorts were \u201cfor the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire\u201d).\nFor the above reasons, we hold the Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the five counts of taking indecent liberties with a child was properly denied.\niii. Defendant\u2019s Capacity to Proceed\nDefendant argues that the trial court erred by failing to conduct a sua sponte competency hearing after he ingested a large quantity of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic medications and alcohol. Because Defendant voluntarily ingested these substances in a non-capital trial, he voluntarily waived his constitutional right to be present. Thus, we disagree with Defendant that a sua sponte competency hearing was required and hold the trial court committed no error.\n\u201c[A] trial court has a constitutional duty to institute, sua sponte, a competency hearing if there is substantial evidence before the court indicating that the accused may be mentally incompetent.\u201d State v. McRae, 139 N.C. App. 387, 390, 533 S.E.2d 557, 559 (2000) (quotation marks and citation omitted) (emphasis in original); see also State v. Whitted, 209 N.C. App. 522, 527-28, 705 S.E.2d 787, 791-92 (2011) (holding a defendant was denied a fair trial because the trial court did not inquire sua sponte into her competency); State v. Coley, 193 N.C. App. 458, 461, 668 S.E.2d 46, 49 (2008), aff\u2019d, 363 N.C. 622, 683 S.E.2d 208 (2009). N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1001(a) (2011) also requires a competency finding before defendants may stand trial:\nNo person may be tried, convicted, sentenced, or punished for a crime when by reason of mental illness or defect he is unable to understand the nature and object of the proceedings against him, to comprehend his own situation in reference to the proceedings, or to assist in his defense in a rational or reasonable manner.\nThe State, a defendant, a defense counsel, or the trial court may move for a competency determination. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1002(a) (2011). If raised by any party, the trial court has a statutory duty to hold a hearing to resolve questions of competency. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1002(b).\nOn review, this Court \u201cmust carefully evaluate the facts in each case in determining whether to reverse a trial judge for failure to conduct sua sponte a competency hearing where the discretion of the trial judge, as to the conduct of the hearing and as to the ultimate ruling on the issue, is manifest.\u201d State v. Staten, 172 N.C. App. 673, 682, 616 S.E.2d 650, 657 (2005). Further:\nEvidence of a defendant\u2019s irrational behavior, his demeanor at trial, and any prior medical opinion on competence to stand trial are all relevant to a bona fide doubt inquiry. There are, of course, no fixed or immutable signs which invariably indicate the need for further inquiry to determine fitness to proceed; the question is often a difficult one in which a wide range of manifestations and subtle nuances are implicated.\nId. at 678-79, 616 S.E.2d at 655 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). While the trial court\u2019s competency findings receive deference, other \u201cfindings and expressions of concern about the temporal nature of [a] defendant\u2019s competency\u201d may raise a bona fide doubt as to a defendant\u2019s competency. McRae, 139 N.C. App. at 391, 533 S.E.2d at 560; Whitted, 209 N.C. App. at 529, 705 S.E.2d at 792 (\u201c [Defendants can be competent at one point in time and not competent at another.\u201d).\nThe appropriate test for a defendant\u2019s competency to stand trial is \u201cwhether the defendant has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.\u201d State v. Badgett, 361 N.C. 234, 259, 644 S.E.2d 206, 221 (2007) (quotation marks and citations omitted). A defendant need not \u201cbe at the highest stage of mental alertness to be competent to be tried.\u201d State v. Shytle, 323 N.C. 684, 689, 374 S.E.2d 573, 575 (1989). \u201cSo long as a defendant can confer with his or her attorney so that the attorney may interpose any available defenses for him or her, the defendant is able to assist his or her defense in a rational manner.\u201d Id.\nA trial court may also remove a defendant for disruptive conduct pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1032 (2011):\n(a) A trial judge, after warning a defendant whose conduct is disrupting his trial, may order the defendant removed from the trial if he continues conduct which is so disruptive that the trial cannot proceed in an orderly manner. When practicable, the judge\u2019s warning and order for removal must be issued out of the presence of the jury.\n(b) If the judge orders a defendant removed from the courtroom, he must:\n(1) Enter in the record the reasons for his action; and\n(2) Instruct the jurors that the removal is not to be considered in weighing evidence or determining the issue of guilt.\nA defendant removed from the courtroom must be given the opportunity of learning of the trial proceedings through his counsel at reasonable intervals as directed by the court and must be given opportunity to return to the courtroom during the trial upon assurance of his good behavior.\nFurther, a trial court \u201chas inherent power to take whatever legitimate steps are necessary to maintain proper decorum and appropriate atmosphere in the courtroom during a trial\u201d including removing \u201can unruly defendant.\u201d State v. Brown, 19 N.C. App. 480, 485, 199 S.E.2d 134, 137, appeal dismissed, 284 N.C. 255, 200 S.E.2d 659 (1973).\n\u201c[I]n a non-capital trial, the defendant\u2019s right to be present is personal and may be waived.\u201d State v. Forrest, 168 N.C. App. 614, 622, 609 S.E.2d 241, 246 (2005); see also State v. Wilson, 31 N.C. App. 323, 327, 229 S.E.2d 314, 317 (1976) (holding the defendant\u2019s action of leaving during the jury charge was a voluntary waiver of his right to be present). Additionally, \u201c[a] defendant is not prejudiced by the granting of relief which he has sought or by error resulting from his own conduct.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1443(c) (2011) (emphasis added).\nOther state and federal courts have addressed the issue of a defendant voluntarily ingesting intoxicants and destroying competency. See Victor G. Haddox, et. al, Mental Competency to Stand Trial While Under the Influence of Drugs, 7 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 425, 442-43 (1974). In People v. Rogers, 309 P.2d 949 (Cal. App. 1957), the defendant intentionally injected himself with large doses of insulin to induce insulin shock and to avoid trial. Id. at 955-56. The First District Court of Appeal in California held\nthere is ample authority for holding that a statute granting a right to an accused in categorical terms may be waived by the voluntary act of the person entitled. That is this case. The defendant, by his own actions, induced the condition existing in the afternoon of the fourth day of the trial. This amounted to a waiver of the right to be mentally present granted by section 1043 of the Penal Code. If this were not the rule, many persons, by their own acts, could effectively prevent themselves from ever being tried. A diabetic can put himself in insulin shock by simply taking insulin and then not eating, or by refusing to eat, or can disable himself by failing to take insulin. Surely, the Legislature in adopting section 1043 did not intend such an absurd result.\nId. at 957 (emphasis added); see also United States v. Latham, 874 F.2d 852, 865 (1st Cir. 1989) (Selya, J., concurring) (\u201cWhen nonattendance results from controllable circumstance, waiver should generally follow.\u201d); Hanley v. State, 434 P.2d 440, 444 (Nev. 1967) (\u201cThe defendant\u2019s voluntary absence waives his right to be present and he cannot thereafter complain of a situation which he created.\u201d).\nHere, the case was submitted to the jury for deliberations shortly after a lunch break on 15 August 2012. The trial court instructed Defendant to remain in the courtroom unless he needed to speak with his attorney. Defendant asked whether he could go to the courtroom lobby, which the trial court denied. The trial court temporarily recessed from 2:10 p.m. to 2:38 p.m., pending the jury\u2019s verdict. At 2:38 p.m., the jury asked for a transcript of Theodore\u2019s forensic interview, and Defendant\u2019s attorney alerted the trial court that Defendant was \u201chaving a little problem.\u201d The trial court said \u201c[s]ir, stay with us if you will. If you go out, we\u2019re going to have to go on without you. If you want to see what happens here, try to stay vertical.\u201d A bench conference occurred between Judge Martin, the State, and Defendant\u2019s counsel, the jury was brought back and told that no such transcript existed, and the jury again departed the courtroom. The trial court then warned Defendant that \u201c [i]f you\u2019re not healthy we will continue on without you, whether you\u2019re here or not. So do your very best to stay vertical, stay conscious, stay with us.\u201d\nThe jury then asked to review the final ten minutes of the forensic interview DVD. Before the jury returned to the courtroom, Ms. Gantt told the trial court about Defendant\u2019s overdose. The trial court then revoked Defendant\u2019s bond, had Defendant taken into custody, and ordered an examination of Defendant by emergency medical services. Defendant\u2019s counsel and the State both agreed not to make any remarks about Defendant\u2019s absence when the jurors returned to the courtroom. The jury returned to the courtroom and watched the final ten minutes of the forensic interview. Defendant\u2019s statements to Agent Bumgarner were also published to the jury. The jury also requested to know when Pamela had her surgery, to which the trial cohrt replied \u201c[i]t is your duty to remember the evidence whether called to your attention or not.\u201d\nThe jury was again dismissed, and the trial court made its findings of fact that Defendant had disrupted the proceedings by leaving the courtroom against the instructions of the court and overdosing on drugs. The trial court found that Defendant was \u201cstuporous and refused to cooperate with the Court and refused reasonable requests by bailiffs,\u201d but made these findings out of the jurors\u2019 presence. The court stated there was \u201cnothing to indicate\u201d the jurors were aware that Defendant was not present, but noted the requirement that the trial court instruct the jurors that Defendant\u2019s absence was \u201cnot to be considered in weighing evidence or determining the issue of guilt.\u201d Defendant\u2019s counsel asked that the instruction be given the following morning so that Defendant could re-join the proceedings.\nAt 4:31 p.m., Defendant\u2019s counsel and the State agreed to allow the jury to return to the courtroom and announce their verdict. The jury delivered their verdict finding Defendant guilty of attempted first degree sexual offense and five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor. Defendant\u2019s counsel was directed to inform Defendant of these events and to request Defendant be present for the habitual felon phase the next morning as well as the sentencing phase of defendant\u2019s other charges.\nThe next morning on 16 August 2012 Defendant was present at the proceedings. The trial court informed Defendant he could choose to testify as to being a habitual felon. Defendant stated he was \u201choping to testify yesterday,\u201d but that \u201c[u]afort\u00fanate circumstances\u201d did not allow it. The trial court re-stated that the court was considering the habitual felon charge that morning, and Defendant chose not to testify on the habitual felon charge.\nThe above facts provide ample evidence to raise a bona fide doubt whether Defendant was competent to stand trial. Defendant appeared lethargic, \u201cstuporous,\u201d and non-responsive. Such conduct would ordinarily necessitate a sua sponte hearing. Evidence of irrational behavior, demeanor at trial, and any prior medical opinion on competence are all relevant to a bona fide doubt inquiry. Staten, 172 N.C. App. at 678-79, 616 S.E.2d at 655. The inability to \u201cstay vertical\u201d or to obey the commands of court personnel certainly would give rise to such a bona fide doubt. Defendant is also correct that competency may fluctuate during the course of atrial. See Whitted, 209 N.C. App. at 528-29, 705 S.E.2d at 792; Shytle, 323 N.C. at 688, 374 S.E.2d at 575.\nHowever, Defendant voluntarily ingested large quantities of intoxicants in a short period of time apparently with the intent of affecting his competency. This more appropriately invokes an analysis of whether Defendant waived his right to be present during the proceedings. A defendant may waive his/her constitutional right to be present at non-capital trial via his/her own voluntary actions that squander those rights:\n[W]here the offense is not capital and the accused is not in custody, the prevailing rule has been, that if, after the trial has begun in his presence, he voluntarily absents himself, this does not nullify what has been done or prevent the completion of the trial, but, on the contrary, operates as a waiver of his right to be present, and leaves the court free to proceed with the trial in like manner and with like effect as if he were present.\nDiaz v. United States, 223 U.S. 442, 455 (1912) (emphasis added); compare Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 163-64 (1975) (\u201cWe granted cer-tiorari in this case to consider petitioner\u2019s claims that he was deprived of due process of law by the failure of the trial court to order a psychiatric examination with respect to his competence to stand trial and by the conduct in his absence of a portion of his trial on an indictment charging a capital offense.\u201d (emphasis added)). Voluntary waiver of one\u2019s right to be present is a separate inquiry from competency, and in a non-capital case, a defendant may waive the right by their own actions, including actions taken to destroy competency.\nThe State and Defendant both cite State v. Harding, 110 N.C. App. 155, 429 S.E.2d 416 (1993). In Harding, this Court held the defendant understood the nature of the proceedings against her and that the defendant\u2019s voluntary use of drugs throughout trial did not destroy her mental competency during trial. Id. at 166-67, 429 S.E.2d at 423-24. Defendant argues that Harding \u201cimplies that a greater degree of drug-induced impairment, such as that present in this case, could establish a lack of capacity to proceed.\u201d However, in Harding, the \u201cdefendant was present throughout the proceedings.\u201d Id. at 166,429 S.E.2d at 423. The defendant did not \u201cexhibit... any signs during trial of being under the influence of any controlled substance.\u201d Id. Thus, Harding never reached the issue of whether a defendant could forfeit his or her right to be present at trial by voluntarily intoxicating himself or herself. Id.\nFinally, Defendant does not offer evidence that his absence prejudiced the proceedings. Defendant stated an intention to testify but already testified and concluded his case prior to ingesting the intoxicants. Defendant was absent only while the jury was outside the courtroom and deliberating its verdict. Further, any alleged error would have resulted from Defendant\u2019s own conduct. See N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 15A-1443(c).\nBy voluntarily ingesting intoxicants, Defendant waived his right to be present during a portion of these proceedings. To hold otherwise would create a rule where \u201cmany persons, by their own acts, could effectively prevent themselves from ever being tried.\u201d Rogers, 309 P.2d at 957. Thus we hold the trial court did not err.\nIV. Review of In Camera Documents\nAfter careful review of the sealed materials, we conclude the trial court did not violate Defendant\u2019s constitutional rights by refusing to disclose Theodore\u2019s relevant medical records to Defendant. No exculpatory materials existed within the relevant medical records and the trial court did not err in withholding the records. See Kelly, 118 N.C. App. at 592, 456 S.E.2d at 865.\nIV. Conclusion\nBased on the foregoing discussion, we hold the trial court did not err in denying Defendant\u2019s motions to dismiss, nor in choosing not to conduct a sua sponte competency hearing after Defendant voluntarily intoxicated himself and waived his right to be present during a portion of the proceedings.\nNO ERROR.\nJudges ELMORE and DAVIS concur.\n. Pseudonyms are used to conceal the identities of the juveniles involved in this case.", "type": "majority", "author": "HUNTER, JR., Robert N., Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney Sherri Homer Lawrence, for the State.", "Appellate Defender Staples Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Daniel Shatz, for defendant-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES ALLEN MINYARD\nNo. COA13-377\nFiled 7 January 2014\n1. Sexual Offenses \u2014 attempted first-degree sexual offense\u2014 motion to dismiss \u2014 sufficiency of evidence \u2014 overt acts\nThe trial court did not err by denying defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss the charge of attempted first-degree sexual offense. Taken in the totality of the circumstances, the victim\u2019s statements provided circumstantial and substantive evidence such that a jury could believe that defendant intended to commit a first-degree sexual offense against the minor child and that overt acts were taken toward that end.\n2. Indecent Liberties \u2014 motion to dismiss \u2014 sufficiency of evidence \u2014 multiple sexual acts \u2014 purpose of sexual gratification\nThe trial court did not err by denying defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss five counts of taking indecent liberties with a minor. There was no requirement for discrete separate occasions when the alleged acts were more explicit than mere touchings. Circumstantial evidence given by the victim\u2019s family and attending physicians provided the scintilla of evidence necessary for the trial court to find that multiple sexual acts were committed. Further, the victim\u2019s statements of defendant\u2019s alleged actions provided ample evidence to infer defendant\u2019s purpose of obtaining sexual gratification.\n3. Constitutional Law \u2014 failure to conduct sua sponte inquiry into capacity to proceed \u2014 voluntarily ingesting intoxicants\u2014 waiver of right to be present\nThe trial court did not err in a multiple sexual offenses case by failing to conduct a sua sponte inquiry into defendant\u2019s capacity to proceed after he ingested a large quantity of sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic medications and alcohol. Because defendant voluntarily ingested these substances in a non-capital trial, he voluntarily waived his constitutional right to be present.\n4. Discovery \u2014 in camera review \u2014 failure to disclose victim\u2019s medical records \u2014 no exculpatory materials\nThe Court of Appeals conducted an in camera review in a multiple sexual offenses case and concluded that the trial court did not violate defendant\u2019s constitutional rights by refusing to disclose the victim\u2019s relevant medical records to defendant. No exculpatory materials existed within the relevant medical records.\nAppeal by defendant from judgment entered 16 August 2013 by Judge Jerry Cash Martin in Burke County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 10 October 2013.\nAttorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney Sherri Homer Lawrence, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Staples Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Daniel Shatz, for defendant-appellant." }, "file_name": "0605-01", "first_page_order": 615, "last_page_order": 637 }