{ "id": 6778062, "name": "JERMAINE S. PETERS, Plaintiff/Husband/Father v. RASHEEDAH PETERS, Defendant/Wife/Mother", "name_abbreviation": "Peters v. Peters", "decision_date": "2014-02-18", "docket_number": "No. COA13-816", "first_page": "444", "last_page": "450", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "232 N.C. App. 444" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "619 S.E.2d 502", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633957, 12633958, 12633959 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/619/0502-01", "/se2d/619/0502-02", "/se2d/619/0502-03" ] }, { "cite": "274 S.E.2d 221", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "223", "parenthetical": "\"[G]enerally a judge or a court may take judicial notice of a fact which is either so notoriously true as not to be the subject of reasonable dispute or is capable of demonstration by readily accessible sources of indisputable accuracy.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "302 N.C. 201", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8564415 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "203", "parenthetical": "\"[G]enerally a judge or a court may take judicial notice of a fact which is either so notoriously true as not to be the subject of reasonable dispute or is capable of demonstration by readily accessible sources of indisputable accuracy.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/302/0201-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 S.E.2d 491", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "495", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "44 N.C. App. 381", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8553205 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "387", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/44/0381-01" ] }, { "cite": "545 S.E.2d 259", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "262", "parenthetical": "collecting cases" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "143 N.C. App. 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11433839 ], "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "165", "parenthetical": "collecting cases" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/143/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 S.E.2d 105", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "106", "parenthetical": "citing the delay rationale articulated in Stephenson" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "56 N.C. App. 465", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522035 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "466", "parenthetical": "citing the delay rationale articulated in Stephenson" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/56/0465-01" ] }, { "cite": "285 S.E.2d 281", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "282" }, { "parenthetical": "italics added" }, { "parenthetical": "italics added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "55 N.C. App. 250", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527082 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "251" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/55/0250-01" ] }, { "cite": "341 S.E.2d 342", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "345", "parenthetical": "holding that an order regarding prospective child support affects a substantial right" }, { "page": "342, 345" }, { "page": "345", "parenthetical": "noting that \"[i]t is usually necessary to resolve the question in each case by considering the particular facts of that case and the procedural context in which the order from which appeal is sought was entered\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "80 N.C. App. 27", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8521725 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "33", "parenthetical": "holding that an order regarding prospective child support affects a substantial right" }, { "page": "28, 33" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/80/0027-01" ] }, { "cite": "736 S.E.2d 197", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2012, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "199", "parenthetical": "citations, internal quotation marks, and brackets omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "526 S.E.2d 666", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "670", "parenthetical": "citation and internal quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "670" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "137 N.C. App. 138", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11092295 ], "weight": 2, "year": 2000, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "142", "parenthetical": "citation and internal quotation marks omitted" }, { "page": "142" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/137/0138-01" ] }, { "cite": "684 S.E.2d 702", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "704", "parenthetical": "dismissing as interlocutory the defendant-husband's appeal of an order modifying his monthly child support obligation because the defendant \"offers no argument that the... order has affected a substantial right, and we decline to construct one for him\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "200 N.C. App. 426", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4172663 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "429", "parenthetical": "dismissing as interlocutory the defendant-husband's appeal of an order modifying his monthly child support obligation because the defendant \"offers no argument that the... order has affected a substantial right, and we decline to construct one for him\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/200/0426-01" ] }, { "cite": "679 S.E.2d 512", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "516", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "198 N.C. App. 274", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4169085 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "277-78", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/198/0274-01" ] }, { "cite": "444 S.E.2d 252", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "254" }, { "page": "254", "parenthetical": "\"[The defendant] presented neither argument nor citation to show this Court that [the defendant] had the right to appeal the order dismissing its counterclaims.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "115 N.C. App. 377", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 12129791 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "380" }, { "page": "380" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/115/0377-01" ] }, { "cite": "495 S.E.2d 725", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "729", "parenthetical": "noting that failure on the part of the appellant to establish that the trial court's order affects a substantial right \"subjects an appeal to dismissal\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "128 N.C. App. 439", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 11655325 ], "year": 1998, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444", "parenthetical": "noting that failure on the part of the appellant to establish that the trial court's order affects a substantial right \"subjects an appeal to dismissal\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/128/0439-01" ] }, { "cite": "360 N.C. 53", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3788265 ], "year": 2005, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/360/0053-01" ] }, { "cite": "608 S.E.2d 336", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "338" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "168 N.C. App. 515", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8470441 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "518" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/168/0515-01" ] }, { "cite": "522 S.E.2d 577", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "579", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "351 N.C. 159", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1155801 ], "year": 1999, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "161-62", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/351/0159-01" ] }, { "cite": "677 S.E.2d 854", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "857-58" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "196 N.C. App. 615", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4167013 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "619-20" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/196/0615-01" ] }, { "cite": "392 S.E.2d 735", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "736" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 723", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5307026 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "725" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0723-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 S.E.2d 377", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "381", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" }, { "page": "381" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "231 N.C. 357", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8629835 ], "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "362", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/231/0357-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 771, "char_count": 15706, "ocr_confidence": 0.715, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.345432909102184e-08, "percentile": 0.4406426783955358 }, "sha256": "fd58912706d73ba6e7b44b3bf221db71aa403204cd2a7e5b2e999ea4a20bb04e", "simhash": "1:192c24f3d4ef0ee6", "word_count": 2503 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:34:41.441392+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges STEELMAN and DAVIS concur." ], "parties": [ "JERMAINE S. PETERS, Plaintiff/Husband/Father v. RASHEEDAH PETERS, Defendant/Wife/Mother" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "STEPHENS, Judge.\nFactual and Procedural History\nThis case arises from the separation on 19 April 2011 of Plaintiff Jermaine Peters and Defendant Rasheedah Peters. The couple was married on 28 September 2002. They have one minor child and reside in Gaston County. On 5 August 2012, acting pro se, Plaintiff submitted his divorce complaint in Mecklenburg County. Defendant submitted her answer two months later, on 8 October 2012, counterclaiming for child custody, child support, retroactive child support, equitable distribution, resumption of the use of her maiden name, and attorneys\u2019 fees. On 13 November 2012, venue was changed from Mecklenburg County to Gaston County pursuant to a consent order filed in Mecklenburg County District Court. Despite that change, Plaintiff filed a reply to Defendant\u2019s answer with the assistance of counsel on 11 December 2012 in Mecklenburg County. Defendant thereafter replied to Plaintiff\u2019s reply on 14 January 2013 in Gaston County.\nThe case was heard in Gaston County District Court during the 21 February 2013 civil session. During the hearing, Plaintiff made a motion to \u201cdismiss/deny\u201d Defendant\u2019s claim for retroactive child support on grounds that Defendant \u201cfailed to state a claim for which relief can be granted[] and failed to submit an [a]ffidavit of reasonable and necessary expenses as required by case law cited in the North Carolina Trial Judge\u2019s Bench Book.\u201d Defendant argued that \u201csuch an [a]ffidavit is not required and that the child\u2019s expenses could be established through testimony.\u201d The district court issued an order on 8 April 2013, nunc pro tunc, to 21 February 2013, which denied Defendant\u2019s claim for retroactive child support. Defendant appeals from that order.\nDiscussion\nOn appeal, Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying her claim because (1) her factual allegations regarding retroactive child support were adequate and (2) she was not required to file an affidavit to show the necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by the parties\u2019 child. Plaintiff responds by arguing, inter alia, that Defendant\u2019s appeal is interlocutory and should be dismissed. We agree with Plaintiff and dismiss Defendant\u2019s appeal as interlocutory. Accordingly, we do not address the parties\u2019 other arguments.\n\u201cAn interlocutory order is one made during the pendency of an action, which does not dispose of the case, but leaves it for further action by the trial court in order to settle and determine the entire controversy.\u201d Veazey v. City of Durham, 231 N.C. 357, 362, 57 S.E.2d 377, 381 (1950) (citations omitted). In contrast, a final judgment \u201cdisposes of the cause as to all the parties, leaving nothing to be judicially determined between them in the trial court.\u201d Id. at 361-62, 57 S.E.2d at 381. \u201cGenerally there is no right of immediate appeal from interlocutory orders and judgments.\u201d Goldson v. Am. Motors Corp., 326 N.C. 723, 725, 392 S.E.2d 735, 736 (1990). \u201cThe reason for this rule is to prevent fragmentary, premature [,] and unnecessary appeals by permitting the trial court to bring the case to final judgment before it is presented to the appellate courts.\u201d Harbin Yinhai Tech. Dev. Co. v. Greentree Fin. Grp., Inc., 196 N.C. App. 615, 619-20, 677 S.E.2d 854, 857-58 (2009).\nDespite this general rule,\n[ijmmediate appeal of interlocutory orders and judgments is available in at least two instances. First, immediate review is available when the trial court enters a final judgment as to one or more, but fewer than all, claims or parties and certifies there is no just reason for delay [pursuant to Rule 54(b)]. . . . Second, immediate appeal is available from an interlocutory order or judgment which affects a substantial right.\nSharpe v. Worland, 351 N.C. 159, 161-62, 522 S.E.2d 577, 579 (1999) (citations omitted). \u201cWhen an appeal is interlocutory [and not certified for appellate review pursuant to Rule 54(b)], the appellant must include in [the] statement of grounds for appellate review sufficient facts and argument to support appellate review on the ground that the challenged order affects a substantial right.\u201d Johnson v. Lucas, 168 N.C. App. 515, 518, 608 S.E.2d 336, 338 (citing N.C.R. App. P. 28(b)(4)), affirmed per curiam, 360 N.C. 53, 619 S.E.2d 502 (2005). Otherwise, the appeal is subject to dismissal. Rousselo v. Starling, 128 N.C. App. 439, 444, 495 S.E.2d 725, 729 (1998) (noting that failure on the part of the appellant to establish that the trial court\u2019s order affects a substantial right \u201csubjects an appeal to dismissal\u201d).\nIn this case, Defendant provided the following statement regarding the grounds for her appeal of the trial court\u2019s order:\nAt the time this appeal was filed, other claims remained outstanding between the parties in the trial court, so this appeal from [the o]rder is interlocutory. However, the [o]rder affects [Defendant\u2019s] substantial right in that it deprives her [of retroactive [s]upport and more particularly deprives her of the use of funds expended in supporting the child prior to the date of filing her claim for [c]hild [s]upport and impedes her ability to support the child in the future.\nThis statement is insufficient.\nIt is not the duty of this Court to construct arguments for or fund support for appellant\u2019s right to appeal from an interlocutory order; instead, the appellant has the burden of showing this Court that the order deprives the appellant of a substantial right which would be jeopardized absent a review prior to a final determination on the merits.\nJeffreys v. Raleigh Oaks Joint Venture, 115 N.C. App. 377, 380, 444 S.E.2d 252, 254 (1994). In making such a showing, \u201c[t]he appellantf] must present more than a bare assertion that the order affects a substantial right; [she] must demonstrate why the order affects a substantial right.\u201d Hoke Cnty. Bd. of Educ. v. State, 198 N.C. App. 274, 277-78, 679 S.E.2d 512, 516 (2009) (emphasis in original). Rule 28 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure clarifies that, at a minimum, a party\u2019s statement of grounds for appellate review must \u201cinclude citation of the statute or statutes permitting appellate review. . . . When an appeal is interlocutory, the statement must contain sufficient facts and argument to support appellate review on the ground that the challenged order affects a substantial right.\u201d N.C.R. App. P. 28(b)(4).\nDefendant\u2019s statement of grounds for appellate review in this case includes no citation to the statute permitting review. In addition, Defendant fails to offer any legal reason that the trial court\u2019s order affects a substantial right. Instead, she simply asserts that it does. Where the appellant fails to carry her burden in this circumstance, the appeal will be dismissed. Jeffreys, 115 N.C. App. at 380, 444 S.E.2d at 254 (\u201c[The defendant] presented neither argument nor citation to show this Court that [the defendant] had the right to appeal the order dismissing its counterclaims.\u201d). Because Defendant presents no argument to show that she has the right to immediate review of the trial court\u2019s order, we hold that she failed to carry her burden and dismiss her appeal as interlocutory. See id) Plomaritis v. Plomaritis, 200 N.C. App. 426, 429, 684 S.E.2d 702, 704 (2009) (dismissing as interlocutory the defendant-husband\u2019s appeal of an order modifying his monthly child support obligation because the defendant \u201coffers no argument that the... order has affected a substantial right, and we decline to construct one for him\u201d).\nNevertheless, we also conclude that Defendant\u2019s appeal is improper because it is based on an interlocutory order not affecting a substantial right. \u201cA substantial right is one which will clearly be lost or irremediably adversely affected if the order is not reviewable before final judgment.\u201d Turner v. Norfolk S. Corp., 137 N.C. App. 138, 142, 526 S.E.2d 666, 670 (2000) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).\nThe test for whether a substantial right has been affected consists of two parts: (1) the right itself must be substantial; and (2) the deprivation of that substantial right must potentially work injury to the appealing party if not corrected before appeal from final judgment. Whether a substantial right is affected is determined on a case-by-case basis and should be strictly construed.\nBuilders Mut. Ins. Co. v. Meeting Street Builders, LLC, _N.C. App. _, _, 736 S.E.2d 197, 199 (2012) (citations, internal quotation marks, and brackets omitted).\nThe right to immediate appeal [of an order affecting a substantial right] is reserved for those cases in which the normal course of procedure is inadequate to protect the substantial right affected by the order sought to be appealed. Our courts have generally taken a restrictive view of the substantial right exception.\nTurner, 137 N.C. App. at 142, 526 S.E.2d at 670. While this Court has not determined whether an ordering denying retroactive child support, standing alone, affects a substantial right, cf. Appert v. Appert, 80 N.C. App. 27, 33, 341 S.E.2d 342, 345 (1986) (holding that an order regarding prospective child support affects a substantial right), we have addressed the substantial right question in a number of similar, instructive scenarios.\nIn Stephenson v. Stephenson, we held that an order awarding alimony pendente lite, child support pendente lite, and attorneys\u2019 fees pendente lite constituted an interlocutoiy decree, which could not be immediately appealed. 55 N.C. App. 250, 251, 285 S.E.2d 281, 282 (1981). There we noted that, \u201c[i]n the majority of appeals from pendente lite awards [,] it is obvious that a final hearing may be had in the district court and final judgment entered much more quickly than this Court can review and dispose of the pendente lite order.\u201d Id. (italics added). Therefore, we reasoned,\n[t]here is an inescapable inference drawn from an overwhelming number of appeals involving pendente lite awards that the appeal too often is pursued for the purpose of delay rather than to accelerate determination of the parties\u2019 rights. The avoidance of deprivation due to delay is one of the purposes for the rule that interlocutory orders are not immediately appealable.\nId. (italics added). The following year we applied the reasoning of Stephenson to an award of child support and a pendente lite award of alimony, concluding that \u201cchild support orders entered in conjunction with orders for alimony pendente lite\u201d are not subject to immediate appellate review even when the child support order is not designated \u201cpendente lite.\" Fliehr v. Fliehr, 56 N.C. App. 465, 466, 289 S.E.2d 105, 106 (1982) (citing the delay rationale articulated in Stephenson). Relying on Stephenson and other similar cases, we stated in 2001 that \u201c[interlocutory appeals [challenging] only the financial repercussions of a separation or divorce generally have not been held to affect a substantial right.\u201d Embler v. Embler, 143 N.C. App. 162, 165, 545 S.E.2d 259, 262 (2001) (collecting cases) (emphasis added).\nIn certain limited factual contexts, however, we have nonetheless determined that an order pertaining to the financial repercussions of a separation or divorce affects a substantial right. In McGinnis v. McGinnis, for example, we held that an order enforcing an out-of-state order, which granted the plaintiff\u2019s claim for $4,225.00 in arrearages for alimony and child support and imposed a continuing support obligation, affected a substantial right and was immediately appealable. 44 N.C. App. 381, 387, 261 S.E.2d 491, 495 (1980) (citations omitted). Six years later, in Appert, we determined that an order affected a substantial right when it directed that prospective child support funds be placed in escrow if the parties\u2019 minor children failed or refused to abide by certain visitation privileges. 80 N.C. App. at 28, 33, 341 S.E.2d at 342, 345. There, in determining that the order affected a substantial right, we focused on the trial court\u2019s statement that the support was \u201creasonably necessary for the support and maintenance of the children.\" Id. at 33, 341 S.E.2d at 345 (noting that \u201c[i]t is usually necessary to resolve the question in each case by considering the particular facts of that case and the procedural context in which the order from which appeal is sought was entered\u201d) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted; emphasis added).\nIn both McGinnis and Appert, we elected to review the parties\u2019 appeals as affecting a substantial right when the trial courts\u2019 respective orders dealt, in part, with whether future child support payments would be available. In those cases, one party\u2019s right to receive or access future payments, if actually owed, was in jeopardy. Therefore, we correctly determined that the right was substantial as implicating the child\u2019s right to receive support. In this case, however, Defendant is appealing the trial court\u2019s denial of her claim for past child support payments. While such payments might be owed, the right to receive reimbursement cannot be lost by our decision to refrain from granting immediate appellate review. The funds have already been expended, and Defendant\u2019s right to reimbursement cannot be irremediably adversely affected by waiting until the natural conclusion of the proceedings below. The harm done to Defendant, if any, has already occurred and cannot intensify. This is distinct from the harm that could be done in the context of prospective child support payments. There, immediate appellate review might function to reverse or mitigate such harm if child support payments were improvidently granted or denied. Therefore, we believe we are bound by the general rule articulated in Embler and applied in Stephenson and Fliehr.\nFor the above reasons, Defendant\u2019s appeal is dismissed as based on an interlocutory order not affecting a substantial right.\nDISMISSED.\nJudges STEELMAN and DAVIS concur.\n. Though the consent order was not included in the record on appeal, its existence is not disputed by the parties. Therefore, we take judicial notice of the order for purposes of appellate review. E.g., West v. G. D. Reddick, Inc., 302 N.C. 201, 203, 274 S.E.2d 221, 223 (1981) (\u201c[G]enerally a judge or a court may take judicial notice of a fact which is either so notoriously true as not to be the subject of reasonable dispute or is capable of demonstration by readily accessible sources of indisputable accuracy.\") (citations omitted; emphasis in original).\n. There is nothing in the record to explain why Plaintiff filed his reply in Mecklenburg County instead of Gaston County, and the parties do not discuss it in their briefs.\n. There is no transcript of the proceedings in the record on appeal. This recitation of events comes from the trial court\u2019s 8 April 2013 order.", "type": "majority", "author": "STEPHENS, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Law Office of Yolanda M. Trotman, PLLC, by Yolanda M. Trotman, for Plaintiff.", "The Blain Law Firm, PC, by Sabrina Blain, for Defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JERMAINE S. PETERS, Plaintiff/Husband/Father v. RASHEEDAH PETERS, Defendant/Wife/Mother\nNo. COA13-816\nFiled 18 February 2014\nChild Support \u2014 retroactive child support \u2014 interlocutory order\u2014 no substantial right\nDefendant\u2019s appeal from an order denying her retroactive child support was dismissed as interlocutory. Defendant\u2019s statement of grounds for appellate review included no citation to a statute permitting review and defendant failed to offer any legal reason that the trial court\u2019s order affected a substantial right. Furthermore, defendant\u2019s appeal was improper because it was based on an interlocutory order not affecting a substantial right.\nAppeal by Defendant from Order entered 8 April 2013 by Judge Ralph C. Gingles in Gaston County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11 December 2013.\nLaw Office of Yolanda M. Trotman, PLLC, by Yolanda M. Trotman, for Plaintiff.\nThe Blain Law Firm, PC, by Sabrina Blain, for Defendant." }, "file_name": "0444-01", "first_page_order": 454, "last_page_order": 460 }