{ "id": 12173549, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ANTHONY PRESSLEY", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Pressley", "decision_date": "2014-08-19", "docket_number": "No. COA13-1248", "first_page": "613", "last_page": "619", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "235 N.C. App. 613" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "616 S.E.2d 496", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12633572 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "499", "parenthetical": "holding that \"[i]n construing statutes courts normally adopt an interpretation which will avoid absurd or bizarre consequences, the presumption being that the legislature acted in accordance with reason and common sense and did not intend untoward results\" (citation omitted)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/616/0496-01" ] }, { "cite": "650 S.E.2d 29", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "case_ids": [ 12639310 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "33" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/se2d/650/0029-01" ] }, { "cite": "723 S.E.2d 326", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2012, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "333", "parenthetical": "citations and quotations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "365 N.C. 506", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4154240 ], "year": 2012, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "516-17", "parenthetical": "citations and quotations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/365/0506-01" ] }, { "cite": "679 S.E.2d 414", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "419", "parenthetical": "\"Plain error review is only available in criminal cases and is limited to errors injury instructions or rulings on the admissibility of evidence.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "198 N.C. App. 169", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 4169328 ], "year": 2009, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "175", "parenthetical": "\"Plain error review is only available in criminal cases and is limited to errors injury instructions or rulings on the admissibility of evidence.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/198/0169-01" ] }, { "cite": "359 N.C. 832", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 3793573 ], "year": 2005, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "837" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/359/0832-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 11, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.5", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "et seq." } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "148 L. Ed. 2d 150", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "531 U.S. 890", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9564641, 9565507, 9564931, 9565413, 9565127, 9565834, 9565727, 9565933, 9565644, 9565235, 9564441, 9564731, 9564539, 9564829, 9565023 ], "year": 2000, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/531/0890-03", "/us/531/0890-11", "/us/531/0890-06", "/us/531/0890-10", "/us/531/0890-08", "/us/531/0890-14", "/us/531/0890-13", "/us/531/0890-15", "/us/531/0890-12", "/us/531/0890-09", "/us/531/0890-01", "/us/531/0890-04", "/us/531/0890-02", "/us/531/0890-05", "/us/531/0890-07" ] }, { "cite": "526 S.E.2d 451", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "455" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "351 N.C. 373", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1155599 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "378" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/351/0373-01" ] }, { "cite": "186 N.C. App. 57", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8154614 ], "year": 2007, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "62" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/186/0057-01" ] }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.7", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(b)(1)", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.", "weight": 7, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(a)(4)" }, { "page": "(a)(4)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 652, "char_count": 14446, "ocr_confidence": 0.725, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.794013112601688e-08, "percentile": 0.5325818223379046 }, "sha256": "1393caea95f1450165d1ca2ff8298d152cc9914bba24c47daf467f6c94220010", "simhash": "1:f14e40e6562dc4f4", "word_count": 2383 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:54:11.341648+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges CALABRIA and STROUD concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ANTHONY PRESSLEY" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "DAVIS, Judge.\nAnthony Pressley (\u201cDefendant\u201d) appeals from judgments entered upon a jury verdict finding him guilty of two counts of failure to register as a sex offender pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11, based on his listing of a false address on forms submitted to law enforcement officers following his release from prison. Defendant argues on appeal that the trial court (1) erred in denying his motion to dismiss based on the State\u2019s failure to show that one of the forms containing false information was actually required by law to be submitted; (2) committed plain error in failing to instruct the jury regarding the statutorily designated intervals at which such forms must be submitted; and (3) erred in denying his motion to dismiss based on his contention that he was charged twice for the same offense. After careful review, we conclude that Defendant received a fair trial free from error.\nFactual Background\nThe State\u2019s evidence at trial tended to establish the following facts: Defendant was previously found guilty in Rowan County Superior Court of taking indecent liberties with a child. He was sentenced to a term of 19-23 months imprisonment and was released from prison on 23 April 2012. Pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.7, Defendant - as a convicted sex offender - was required to provide, upon his release from prison, a signed form to the sheriff of his county of residence containing, inter alia, the following information:\nThe person\u2019s full name, each alias, date of birth, sex, race, height, weight, eye color, hair color, drivers license number, and home address.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.7(b)(1) (2013) (emphasis added).\nUpon his release from prison on 23 April 2012, Defendant registered with the Rowan County Sheriff\u2019s Office, listing his residence on the form as 364 Culbertson Estate\u2019s Drive, Woodleaf, North Carolina, which was the address of his mother\u2019s home. On 4 June 2012, at the written direction of the State Bureau of Investigation, Defendant signed an additional verification of information form, continuing to fist this same address.\nOn 3 July 2012, David Allen (\u201cChief Allen\u201d), the Chief of Police for the Town of Cleveland, North Carolina, was investigating an unrelated case and came to the 364 Culbertson Estate\u2019s Drive residence to interview Defendant. Chief Allen spoke with Joseph Nathan Rankin (\u201cRankin\u201d), Defendant\u2019s stepfather, who informed him that Defendant did not five there.\nOn 23 July 2012, Chief Allen again spoke with Rankin, who provided a written statement that Defendant (1) did not live at 364 Culbertson Estate\u2019s Drive; (2) had used that address on the forms because he \u201cneeded an address to provide\u201d; and (3) \u201cha[d] only spent the night at [the] house one time since he was released from prison.\u201d Rankin later clarified that Defendant had stayed with him and Defendant\u2019s mother at the residence for two days between 23 April 2012, the date of his release from prison, and 23 July 2012, the date of Rankin\u2019s statement.\nChief Allen also spoke with James Alonzo Lewis, who signed a statement indicating that Defendant had lived with him at 106 Crowder Street in Cleveland, North Carolina \u201cfor about three months\u201d after his release from prison but subsequently left the residence after a dispute over bills. In addition, Chief Allen talked with Latisha Vaughan, who provided a written statement attesting to the fact that Defendant \u201cstarted staying at [her] apartment near the end of May 2012\u201d and moved out in August of 2012.\nOn 29 October 2012, Defendant was indicted on two counts of failure to register as a sex offender pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11 with regard to the signed forms he submitted on 23 April 2012 and on 4 June 2012. A jury trial was held on 11 June 2013 in Rowan County Superior Court. The jury convicted Defendant on both counts, and the trial court entered judgments upon the jury verdicts. Defendant was sentenced to two consecutive sentences of 23-37 months imprisonment. Defendant gave notice of appeal in open court.\nAnalysis\nI. Denial of Motion to Dismiss Based on State\u2019s Failure to Prove That Submission of 4 June 2012 Verification Form Was Required by Statute\nThe trial court\u2019s denial of a motion to dismiss is reviewed de novo on appeal. State v. Smith, 186 N.C. App. 57, 62, 650 S.E.2d 29, 33 (2007). \u201cUpon defendant\u2019s motion for dismissal, the question for the Court is whether there is substantial evidence (1) of each essential element of the offense charged, or of a lesser offense included therein, and (2) of defendant\u2019s being the perpetrator of such offense. If so, the motion is properly denied.\u201d State v. Fritsch, 351 N.C. 373, 378, 526 S.E.2d 451, 455 (citations and quotations omitted), cert. denied, 531 U.S. 890, 148 L. Ed. 2d 150 (2000).\nDefendant initially contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss because the State failed to prove that the 4 June 2012 verification form he submitted was \u201crequired\u201d by statute. We disagree.\nDefendant was charged with violating N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11, which is a part of North Carolina\u2019s Sex Offender Registration Act (\u201cthe Act\u201d), codified at N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.5 et seq. N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A provides that, beginning on the date of his initial registration and every six months thereafter, a person required to register under the Act must submit a verification form to the sheriff of his county of residence within three business days of receiving it. The form must be signed and must indicate, among other things, \u201c[w]hether the person still resides at the address last reported to the sheriff. If the person has a different address, then the person shall indicate that fact and the new address.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A (2013). The statute Defendant was charged with violating, N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11, further states, in pertinent part, that:\nA person required by this Article to register who willfully does any of the following is guilty of a Class F felony:\n(4) Forges or submits under false pretenses the information or verification notices required under this Article.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11(a)(4) (2013).\nDefendant does not argue that the address he listed on the 23 April 2012 and 4 June 2012 forms was correct. Rather, he contends that the 4 June 2012 form was not required to be submitted under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A because, under that statute, verification forms must only be submitted every six months subsequent to the date of the initial registration form.\nDefendant\u2019s argument, while novel, lacks merit. The clear and unambiguous purpose of the Act is\nto assist law enforcement agencies\u2019 efforts to protect communities by requiring persons who are convicted of sex offenses or of certain other offenses committed against minors to register with law enforcement agencies, to require the exchange of relevant information about those offenders among law enforcement agencies, and to authorize the access to necessaiy and relevant information about those offenders to others as provided in this Article.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.5 (2013).\nAs a part of this statutory scheme, N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A is intended to ensure that law enforcement officers possess complete and accurate information as to the addresses of convicted sex offenders living in North Carolina. This intent is reinforced by N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A(b), which provides, in relevant part, as follows:\nAdditional Verification May Be Required.-During the period that an offender is required to be registered under this Article, the sheriff is authorized to attempt to verify that the offender continues to reside at the address last registered by the offender.\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A(b).\nThe only rational reading of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11 is that it criminalizes the provision of false or misleading information on forms submitted pursuant to the Act - regardless of when these forms are submitted. The schedule of deadlines set out in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A is simply designed to provide a reliable timetable for the filing of verification forms. The inclusion of this schedule in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A does not excuse the provision of false information on verification forms submitted on other dates. Indeed, Defendant\u2019s argument, if accepted, would permit the submission of false or misleading information to law enforcement agencies on forms submitted at time intervals different than those explicitly set out in the statute. We decline to adopt a construction of the statute that would both thwart the express intent of the General Assembly and fly in the face of common sense. See State v. Jones, 359 N.C. 832, 837, 616 S.E.2d 496, 499 (2005) (holding that \u201c[i]n construing statutes courts normally adopt an interpretation which will avoid absurd or bizarre consequences, the presumption being that the legislature acted in accordance with reason and common sense and did not intend untoward results\u201d (citation omitted)). Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss based on the State\u2019s failure to prove that Defendant was required by statute to submit the 4 June 2012 verification form on that date.\nII. Jury Instructions\nIn his second argument, Defendant contends that the trial court committed plain error by failing to instruct the juiy that the 4 June 2012 verification form was not required to be submitted on that date based on the timetable set out in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A. Because Defendant did not request a jury instruction on this issue, we review this argument only for plain error. See State v. McClary, 198 N.C. App. 169, 175, 679 S.E.2d 414, 419 (2009) (\u201cPlain error review is only available in criminal cases and is limited to errors injury instructions or rulings on the admissibility of evidence.\u201d).\n[T]he plain error rule ... is always to be applied cautiously and only in the exceptional case where, after reviewing the entire record, it can be said the claimed error is a fundamental error, something so basic, so prejudicial, so lacking in its elements that justice cannot have been done, or where [the error] is grave error which amounts to a denial of a fundamental right of the accused, or the error has resulted in a miscarriage of justice or in the denial to appellant of a fair trial or where the error is such as to seriously affect the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings or where it can be fairly said the instructional mistake had a probable impact on the jury\u2019s finding that the defendant was guilty.\nState v. Lawrence, 365 N.C. 506, 516-17, 723 S.E.2d 326, 333 (2012) (citations and quotations omitted).\nThis argument is foreclosed by our ruling on Defendant\u2019s first issue on appeal. By arguing that the trial court erred in declining to instruct the jury that N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A did not require Defendant to submit a verification form on 4 June 2012, Defendant is essentially re-arguing his earlier contention that accurate information is required only on verification forms submitted in strict accordance with the timetable set out in N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.9A. In light of the fact that we have rejected that argument, it logically follows that the trial court did not commit plain error by declining to instruct the jury as to this fact.\nBecause the statutory prohibition against sex offenders providing a false address to law enforcement officers applies to verification forms submitted at any time, there was no reason for the trial court to instruct the jury in the manner asserted by Defendant. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not commit plain error in its jury instructions.\nIII. Denial of Motion to Dismiss Based on Continuing Offense Theory\nIn his final argument, Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss because he was charged twice for the same offense. This argument is also meritless.\nDefendant characterizes the two offenses for which he was convicted as one continuing offense such that he could not lawfully be convicted twice on these facts. However, Defendant\u2019s argument ignores the fact that - on two separate occasions - he submitted verification forms that contained false information regarding his address. The submission of each of these forms constituted a distinct violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 14-208.11(a)(4). Consequently, we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss based on this theory.\nConclusion\nFor the reasons stated above, we hold that Defendant received a fair trial free from error.\nNO ERROR.\nJudges CALABRIA and STROUD concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "DAVIS, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Roy Cooper, Attorney General, by Hal F. Askins, Special Deputy Attorney General, for the State.", "Gilda C. Rodriguez for defendant-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ANTHONY PRESSLEY\nNo. COA13-1248\nFiled 19 August 2014\n1. Sexual Offenders\u2014failure to register\u2014false information on verification forms\nThe trial court did not err in a failure to register as a sex offender case by denying defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss based on the State\u2019s failure to show that one of the forms containing false information was actually required by law to be submitted. The schedule in N.C.G.S. \u00a7 14-208.9A does not excuse the provision of false information on verification forms submitted on other dates.\n2. Sexual Offenders\u2014failure to register\u2014requested jury instruction\u2014statutory intervals to submit forms\nThe trial court did not commit plain error in a failure to register as a sex offender case by failing to instruct the jury regarding the statutorily designated intervals at which such forms must be submitted. Because the statutory prohibition against sex offenders providing a false address to law enforcement officers applies to verification forms submitted at any time, there was no reason for the trial court to instruct the jury in the manner asserted by defendant.\n3. Sexual Offenders\u2014failure to register\u2014motion to dismiss\u2014 submission of each form a distinct violation\nThe trial court did not err in a failure to register as a sex offender case by denying defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss based on his contention that he was charged twice for the same offense. The submission of each form constituted a distinct violation of N.C.G.S. \u00a7 14-208.11(a) (4).\nAppeal by defendant from judgments entered 11 June 2013 by Judge W. Erwin Spainhour in Rowan County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 6 March 2014.\nRoy Cooper, Attorney General, by Hal F. Askins, Special Deputy Attorney General, for the State.\nGilda C. Rodriguez for defendant-appellant." }, "file_name": "0613-01", "first_page_order": 623, "last_page_order": 629 }