{
  "id": 8555515,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES RALPH WHITEHEAD",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Whitehead",
  "decision_date": "1975-05-07",
  "docket_number": "No. 757SC149",
  "first_page": "592",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:30:12.075015+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Morris and Hedrick concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES RALPH WHITEHEAD"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BROCK, Chief Judge.\nMrs. Frances Avent was operating a combination service station and grocery store on 3 June 1974. Defendant entered the store that afternoon when no other customers were present. He purchased some cigarettes and pretended to leave the store, but whirled around and pulled out a pistol. As he took about $75.00 from the cash drawer, defendant directed Mrs. Avent to go into a back room and close the door. He warned Mrs. Avent not to follow him after he left. Mrs. Avent did as she was told and waited for defendant to drive away, but did not hear a car start. She then went to the back door and saw defendant bicycling down the road. A neighbor in a nearby garden was called for help, and the sheriff\u2019s department was notified. Then Mrs. Avent and the neighbor got into the neighbor\u2019s car and pursued the robber. They soon caught up with him and continued past him. Knowing that he had a gun, Mrs. Avent hid so that she could not be seen. She and her neighbor stopped the car somewhat further down the road and observed the defendant pedal to the Watson Seed Farm, where he dismounted and disappeared into the woods. Another neighbor arrived and fired a shot into the trees in an attempt to halt the defendant. A deputy sheriff of the Nash County Sheriff\u2019s Department soon arrived and followed the defendant through the woods. Quarters, nickels, and pennies were strewn along the path the defendant had taken. Another deputy, J. E. Doughtie, went to the Thomas home on the other side of the woods. After being invited inside the house, Doughtie began searching the rooms. Most of the rooms were well lighted, but one room was dark. Doughtie took out his flashlight and shined it into the room. He heard a noise, and defendant charged out, holding a gun in his right hand. Several shots were fired, and Doughtie was hit in the ear and in the chest. Doughtie managed to fire his revolver at the defendant, hitting him twice. Thomas Earl Whitehead, the defendant\u2019s cousin, emerged from the room and surrendered. A later search uncovered a .25 caliber pistol and $44.08 under a blanket. Thomas Whitehead had $34.00 on his person.\nThomas Whitehead testified that he first planned to rob Mrs. Avent but did not go through with it. When he told defendant he had failed, defendant took the .25 caliber pistol and ped-daled away on a bicycle. He returned shortly, pursued by two cars and a man who fired a shot into the woods. Thomas and defendant divided the money and then went to their gandmother\u2019s house where defendant was apprehended.\nDefendant testified that he sold some pills to someone and divided the proceeds with Thomas. As he returned home on a bicycle, he was pursued by a car and a man who shot at him. When h\u00e9 got to his grandmother\u2019s house, he was told that Doughtie had been looking for him. He hid when Doughtie returned to the house and fired only after Doughtie had fired at him first.\nThe trial court found as a fact that Mrs. Avent had had no difficulty seeing defendant at the time of the robbery. She had given an accurate description to the sheriff\u2019s department after the robbery. Although she did not know defendant\u2019s name,, she had seen him before. She later saw defendant at the hospital and recognized him immediately, although his hair appeared to be different. The court concluded that the identification was of independent origin and not the product of any highly suggestive procedure, despite the fact that at the time Mrs. Avent .viewed the defendant, he was the only Negro in the hospital room.-\nThe contention of defendant may be stated briefly: The discrepancies between the description given to the sheriff\u2019s department and the physical appearance of the defendat cast doubt on Mrs. Avent\u2019s ability to recognize the defendant; Had she not viewed him in the hospital room, defendant asserts that she could not have accurately described the person who robbed her store. In its finding of fact number two, the court dealt with this point:\n\u201cThat immediately after the robbery she described the person who had robbed her to Mr. Gilliam as being a person of eighteen to nineteen years of age, although she stated that she is not able to estimate ages very well; that she described the clothes which he was wearing at the time, and she stated that he was approximately five feet nine inches tall and of slender build weighing approximately 155 to 160 pounds; that she was not able to call his name but that she knew that she had seen him before. The Court finds that this estimate insofar as it relates to a description of the defendant\u2019s person is reasonably accurate based on the Court\u2019s observation of the defendant here in court.\u201d\nNo exception was taken by defendant.\nIn Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 384, 88 S.Ct. 967, 971, 19 L.Ed. 2d 1247, 1253 (1968), the Supreme Court stated that \u201ceach case must be considered on its own facts, and . . . convictions based on eyewitness identification at trial following a pretrial identification by photograph will be set aside on that ground only if the photographic identification procedure was so impermissively suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentifieation.\u201d \u25a0\nFindings of fact as to whether the identification was the result of constitutionally impermissible circumstances are required. When those findings are supported by competent evidence, they are conclusive and binding on appellate courts. State v. Woods, 286 N.C. 612, 213 S.E. 2d 214 (1975), citing State v. Morris, 279 N.C. 477, 183 S.E. 2d 634 (1971). It is our opinion that the findings of fact are clearly supported by the evidence.\nNo error.\nJudges Morris and Hedrick concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BROCK, Chief Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General James E. Magner, Jr., for the State.",
      "Moore, Diedrick & Whitaker, by L. G. Diedrick, for the defendant-appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES RALPH WHITEHEAD\nNo. 757SC149\n(Filed 7 May 1975)\nCriminal Law \u00a7 66\u2014 identification of defendant \u2014 viewing in hospital room\nIn a prosecution for armed robbery and felonious assault with a firearm inflicting serious injury the trial court properly determined that the robbery victim\u2019s in-eourt identification of defendant was based on her observation at the scene of the crime and not on a viewing of defendant in a hospital room.\nAppeal by defendant from Peel, Judge. Judgment entered 4 October 1974 in Superior Court, Nash County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 17 April 1975.\nDefendant was charged with armed robbery and felonious assault with a firearm inflicting serious injury. He pleaded not guilty but was found guilty as charged. The five assignments of error which have been brought forward on this appeal challenge the in-court identification of defendant by the prosecuting witness. Defendant contends that the identification' was not of independent origin, as the court found, but the product of an impermissibly suggestive procedure which permitted the prosecuting witness to see the defendant in his hospital room six days after the robbery.\nFacts necessary for the determination of this issue are set forth in the opinion.\nAttorney General Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General James E. Magner, Jr., for the State.\nMoore, Diedrick & Whitaker, by L. G. Diedrick, for the defendant-appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0592-01",
  "first_page_order": 620,
  "last_page_order": 623
}