{
  "id": 8553555,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. LARRY LESLIE AUSBORN",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Ausborn",
  "decision_date": "1975-07-02",
  "docket_number": "No. 7512SC304",
  "first_page": "481",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:59:13.418266+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Britt and Martin concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. LARRY LESLIE AUSBORN"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "HEDRICK, Judge.\nThe defendant\u2019s four assignments of error raise the one question of whether the court erred in concluding that the search of the defendant\u2019s person was legal and that the controlled substances discovered pursuant to the search should be admitted into evidence.\nWith r\u00e9sp\u00e9ct to\u2019 the \u2022 search of the defendant\u2019s person, the evidence disclosed the following: At about 11:00 p.m. on 19 December 1973, Special SBI Agent John Walker, who was assigned to the investigation of narcotics violations in Cumberland County, received a telephone call from a confidential informant who had given Walker reliable information with respect to drugs on at least ten prior occasions. The informant stated that the defendant was attempting to sell him cocaine at the King Cole Motel, that the defendant had the cocaine on his person, and that the defendant was preparing to leave the motel. He described the defendant as \u201ca white male, about five feet ten inches tall, weighing about one hundred fifty-five pounds with long dark brown hair . . . . \u201d The informant, also gave Walker the license plate number of the defendant\u2019s automobile. Accompanied by several other officers, Agent Walker immediately proceeded to the King Cole Motel where he observed a white Chevrolet automobile bearing a license tag with the number given him by the informant. Several minutes later the defendant got into the automobile and drove into Fayetteville. The defendant parked his car on Hay Street in front of Rick\u2019s Lounge, and the officers maintained surveillance of the vehicle. When the defendant returned to the automobile, Agent Walker approached the defendant and identified himself as a police officer. The defendant put his hand in his right coat pocket, and Walker drew his revolver and ordered the defendant out of the automobile. Walker made the defendant lean against the vehicle and told the defendant he had information which caused him to believe that the defendant was in the possession of cocaine. Walker then searched the defendant and found in his right coat pocket an empty Kool cigarette pack which contained two small tinfoil packets. Walker then advised the defendant that he was under arrest. Upon analysis, it was determined that one of the tinfoil packets contained heroin and that the other packet contained coctaine.\nOn voir dire the defendant testified that he was getting his keys out of his pocket when Walker ordered him out of his car and told him he was suspected of being in possession of cocaine. After Walker found the two tinfoil packets, Walker placed the defendant in the police car and advised him of his constitutional rights.. He was, however, not told that he was under arrest until he was taken \u201cdowntown and they typed up the warrants,\u201d-\nAt the conclusion of the voir dire, the trial' judge made findings substantially as detailed above and concluded that the search of the defendant\u2019s person was legal and that the evidence found pursuant to the search was admissible.\nIt is well-settled in this State that an officer may arrest a person without a warrant when the officer has probable cause to believe that the person has committed a felony in his presence, G.S. 15-41; State v. Roberts, 276 N.C. 98, 171 S.E. 2d 440 (1970), and that the officer may then search the person incident to the arrest, State v. Streeter, 283 N.C. 203, 195 S.E. 2d 502 (1973) ; State v. Harris, 279 N.C. 307, 182 S.E. 2d 364 (1971); State v. Roberts, supra. The defendant contends in this case, however, that the search of his person was illegal because it occurred prior to his arrest. We disagree.\nIn our opinion, the evidence supports the conclusion that the search was legal and that it followed a lawful arrest of the defendant. Based on the information received from a reliable informant, which was corroborated by the officer\u2019s observations, Agent Walker had probable cause to believe that the defendant was in the possession of cocaine and that the defendant was thereby committing a felony in his presence. See generally, State v. Ketchie, 286 N.C. 387, 211 S.E. 2d 207 (1975), When Walker (1) drew a revolver on the defendant, (2) ordered the defendant to take his hand out of his pocket, to get out of his car, and to lean against the vehicle, and (3) informed the defendant that he was suspected of being in the possession of cocaine, the defendant was \u201carrested\u201d and placed in the custody of the officer just as effectively as he would have been had the officer formally stated that the defendant was under arrest. State v. Jackson, 280 N.C. 122, 185 S.E. 2d 202 (1971) ; State v. Tippett, 270 N.C. 588, 155 S.E. 2d 269 (1967) ; see also State v. Allen, 282 N.C. 503, 194 S.E. 2d 9 (1973). \u201cA formal declaration of arrest by the officer is not a prerequisite to the making of an arrest. 5 Am. Jur. 2d, Arrest, \u00a7 1. The officer\u2019s testimony that the defendant was or was not under arrest at a given time is not conclusive.\u201d State v. Tippett, supra at 596, 155 S.E. 2d at 275. Thus, the search of the defendant\u2019s person followed and was incident to a lawful arrest, and the material found and seized as a result thereof was properly admitted into evidence. These assignments of error are overruled.\nThe defendant had a fair trial free from prejudicial error.\nNo error.\nJudges Britt and Martin concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HEDRICK, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Edmisten by Associate Attorney Isaac T. Avery III for the State.",
      "Elizabeth G. Fox for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. LARRY LESLIE AUSBORN\nNo. 7512SC304\n(Filed 2 July 1975)\n1. Arrest and Bail \u00a7 3\u2014 arrest without warrant \u2014 when permissible\n, An officer may arrest a person without a warrant when the officer has probable cause to believe that the person has committed a felony in his presence, and the officer may then search the person incident to the arrest. G.S. 15-41.\n2. Arrest and Bail \u00a7 5; Searches and Seizures \u00a7 1\u2014 acts constituting arrest \u2014 search incident thereto\nWhen an officer drew a revolver on the defendant, ordered the defendant to take his hand out of his pocket, to get out of his car, and to lean against the vehicle, and informed the defendant that he was suspected of being in the possession of cocaine, the defendant was \u201carrested\u201d and placed in the custody of the officer just as effectively as he would have been had the officer formally stated that the defendant was under arrest; thus the search which followed defendant\u2019s leaning against the automobile was subsequent to and incident to a lawful arrest, and the material found and seized as a result thereof was properly admitted into evidence.\nAppeal by defendant from Bailey, Judge. Judgment entered 21 January 1975 in Superior Court, Cumberland County. Heard-in the Court of Appeals 12 June 1975.\nThe defendant was charged in separate bills of indictment, proper in form, with the felonies of (1) possession of heroin and (2) possession of cocaine.\nThe defendant pleaded not guilty and was found guilty of both charges. The court imposed an active prison sentence of six months in the heroin case and a sentence of five years, which was suspended for five years, in the cocaine case. Defendant appealed.\nAttorney General Edmisten by Associate Attorney Isaac T. Avery III for the State.\nElizabeth G. Fox for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0481-01",
  "first_page_order": 509,
  "last_page_order": 511
}