{
  "id": 8553465,
  "name": "EARLINE COCKERHAM TAYLOR v. SHIRLEY WOOTEN BOGER",
  "name_abbreviation": "Taylor v. Boger",
  "decision_date": "1975-11-05",
  "docket_number": "No. 7523SC453",
  "first_page": "337",
  "last_page": "339",
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    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
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    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
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      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
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      "year": 1973,
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      "cite": "17 N.C. App. 540",
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      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
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      "cite": "146 S.E. 2d 813",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1966,
      "opinion_index": 0
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    {
      "cite": "266 N.C. 629",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
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        8562131
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      "year": 1966,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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    {
      "cite": "138 S.E. 2d 541",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1964,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "262 N.C. 663",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8570996
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      "year": 1964,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:44:36.927205+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Morris and Hedrick concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "EARLINE COCKERHAM TAYLOR v. SHIRLEY WOOTEN BOGER"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "ARNOLD, Judge.\nBy the testimony of Dr. Richard Adams, plaintiff attempted to establish that the blow received in the accident caused phlebitis in the plaintiff\u2019s right leg, which led to the development of varicose veins in that same leg. It was stipulated that Dr. Adams was a licensed practicing physician and a medical expert, specializing in the field of orthopedic surgery. Dr. Adams testified regarding his experience with varicose veins and phlebitis, and his background in dealing with vascular diseases and surgery of the vessels.\nPlaintiff asked Dr. Adams a hypothetical question to establish the causal connection between the trauma of the accident and development of varicose veins in the plaintiff\u2019s leg. Plaintiff asked a hypothetical question, because Dr. Adams had not examined the patient for varicose veins or phlebitis and therefore did not have personal knowledge of the plaintiff\u2019s condition. The trial court refused to allow the witness to answer the hypothetical question, because the doctor\u2019s testimony would be \u201cspeculative.\u201d The doctor\u2019s opinion would have been that the plaintiff\u2019s phlebitis could have caused the varicose veins.\nWe do not necessarily agree that the doctor\u2019s opinion should be excluded because it is \u201cspeculative.\u201d See Lockwood v. McCaskill, 262 N.C. 663, 138 S.E. 2d 541 (1964). However, we find no error in the ruling not to allow the answer.\nThe record discloses no evidence having been admitted prior to the hypothetical question concerning plaintiff\u2019s varicose veins. Thus the question contains facts which are not in evidence and which cannot be inferred from the evidence.\nA well recognized rule in North Carolina requires that a competent hypothetical question include only such facts as are in evidence or such as may justifiably be inferred. Bryant v. Russell, 266 N.C. 629, 146 S.E. 2d 813 (1966) ; Crutcher v. Noe, 17 N.C. App. 540, 195 S.E. 2d 66 (1973) ; Stansbury, North Carolina Evidence, Brandis Revision, \u00a7 137 (1973).\nPlaintiff also assigns as error the court\u2019s refusal to allow her testimony concerning expenses for, and treatment by, a doctor in Ohio. We find no error in the court\u2019s rulings. There is no evidence to show the necessity for plaintiff\u2019s treatment in Ohio (where she lived for awhile after the accident in North Carolina). Furthermore, there is no evidence that the medical expenses paid in Ohio were reasonable in amount. Ward v. Wentz, 20 N.C. App. 229, 201 S.E. 2d 194 (1973).\nWe have reviewed plaintiff\u2019s assignment of error as to the judge\u2019s charge as well as her other assignments of error. We find no error in the trial.\nNo error.\nJudges Morris and Hedrick concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "ARNOLD, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Franklin Smith for plaintiff appellant.",
      "Deal, Hutchins, and Minor by Richard Tyndall, for defendant appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "EARLINE COCKERHAM TAYLOR v. SHIRLEY WOOTEN BOGER\nNo. 7523SC453\n(Filed 5 November 1975)\n1. Evidence \u00a7 50\u2014 hypothetical question \u2014 facts not in evidence as basis\nThe trial court did not err in refusing to allow plaintiff\u2019s expert witness to answer a hypothetical question as to whether plaintiff\u2019s phlebitis could have caused varicose veins since there was no evidence admitted prior to the hypothetical question concerning plaintiff\u2019s varicose veins, and it is required that a competent hypothetical question include only such facts as are in evidence or such as may be justifiably inferred.\n2. Damages \u00a7\u00a7 3, 13 \u2014 necessity for medical treatment \u2014 reasonableness of medical expenses \u2014 competency of evidence\nIn an action to recover damages for personal injury sustained in an automobile accident, the trial court did not err in refusing to allow plaintiff to testify concerning expenses for and treatment by a doctor in Ohio, since there was no evidence to show the necessity for plaintiff\u2019s treatment in Ohio and there was no evidence that the medical expenses paid in Ohio were reasonable in amount.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Kirby, Judge. Judgment entered 10 March 1975 in Special Session of Superior Court, Yadkin County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 18 September 1975.\nPlaintiff instituted action to recover damages sustained in an automobile accident. She alleged that the defendant\u2019s automobile crossed the center line of the highway into the lane in which plaintiff was driving and collided with her automobile. Plaintiff further alleged injuries to her head, neck, back, and leg and sought to recover damages. Defendant answered denying the plaintiff\u2019s allegations.\nThe issues were tried before a jury and a verdict was returned for the plaintiff in the amount of $1,200. Plaintiff excepted and appealed to this Court.\nFranklin Smith for plaintiff appellant.\nDeal, Hutchins, and Minor by Richard Tyndall, for defendant appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0337-01",
  "first_page_order": 365,
  "last_page_order": 367
}