{
  "id": 8551403,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. VIRGINIA HINSON BUNN",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Bunn",
  "decision_date": "1978-04-18",
  "docket_number": "No. 778SC813",
  "first_page": "114",
  "last_page": "118",
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    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
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    "name": "N.C."
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      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
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      "cite": "211 S.E. 2d 207",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
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      "year": 1975,
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    {
      "cite": "286 N.C. 387",
      "category": "reporters:state",
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    {
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      "category": "reporters:federal",
      "reporter": "L. Ed.",
      "year": 1925,
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    {
      "cite": "267 U.S. 132",
      "category": "reporters:federal",
      "reporter": "U.S.",
      "case_ids": [
        6137701
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      "year": 1925,
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    {
      "cite": "194 S.E. 2d 9",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1973,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "18"
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        {
          "page": "18-19"
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    {
      "cite": "282 N.C. 503",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
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      "year": 1973,
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  "analysis": {
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    "char_count": 8951,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.818,
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:02:41.791978+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges CLARK and ERWIN concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. VIRGINIA HINSON BUNN"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "VAUGHN, Judge.\nThe State offered evidence at the suppression hearing tending to show the following. At approximately 6:00 a.m. on 1 December 1976, Officer Uzzell received a call from a confidential informant advising him that he had information that defendant was holding some marijuana. Uzzell had received reliable information from this informant for a period of three years. The information so given had led to five or six arrests. The informant did not say where defendant was holding the marijuana but gave the impression she had it at her house. Uzzell told the informant to get more information. Uzzell set up surveillance of defendant\u2019s house and, at 9:30 a.m., called the informant on the telephone. He was told by the informant that he had just been in a house on Lime Street and had overheard someone talking to defendant on the telephone. The informant said that he could tell from the conversation that defendant was planning to move the marijuana to the north end of town within thirty minutes. About twenty-five minutes later, defendant was observed leaving her house carrying a large brown paper bag. She got into her car and began driving toward the north end of town. At that time Uzzell and other officers stopped defendant\u2019s car and searched it. They found one pound of marijuana in the brown paper bag. Defendant was then arrested. About thirty minutes after defendant\u2019s arrest, Uzzell had his informant repeat the information which he had given Uzzell to Officer Parker for verification of the informant\u2019s existence. Officer Parker subsequently died. Because of Parker\u2019s death Uzzell, in March, 1977, called the informant and had him repeat the information to Officer Jones. Jones had participated in the search and arrest of defendant. Before the arrest, Uzzell had told Jones about the informant and the information he had given him about defendant. Jones knew the informant and had received information from him which had led to at least three arrests.\nDefendant first argues that the judge erred when he refused to compel Officer Uzzell to disclose the identity of his confidential informant. The request was made under the provisions of G.S. 15A-978(b) which provides, in pertinent part, as follows:\n\u201cIn any proceeding on a motion to suppress evidence ... in which the truthfulness of the testimony presented to establish probable cause is contested and the testimony includes a report of information furnished by an informant whose identity is not disclosed in the testimony, the defendant is entitled to be informed of the informant\u2019s identity unless ... (2) There is corroboration of the informant\u2019s existence independent of the testimony in question.\u201d\nDefendant argues that there is no evidence of the informant\u2019s existence independent of Uzzell\u2019s testimony. We disagree. The reliability of the informant is not relevant on the question of whether the statute requires that his identity be disclosed. As the State points out, the statute only requires corroboration of the informant\u2019s existence at the time he is supposed to have given the confidential information. The testimony of Officer Jones tends to establish that he knew of the existence of the informant on the day of the arrest and was well acquainted with the informant. The State need not rest on what the informant told Jones at some later date. The existence of the informant may be corroborated in many ways. The official commentary following the statute points out that the section was derived from the American Law Institute\u2019s Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure. In reviewing the comments to that code, it is clear that the drafters envisioned much more flexibility in corroborating testimony, including such things as the officer\u2019s prediction to others of certain events of which he could not personally know, accompanied by a declaration that his informant has told him so. A.L.I., Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure (1975), \u00a7 SS 290.4 at 575. Officer Jones also testified that early on the morning of 1 December, Officer Uzzell told him that the informant had said that defendant had marijuana. He also testified that Uzzell radioed him before he went to contact the informant again at 9:30 a.m. and called back shortly to say, \u201che had made contact with the informer and that Mrs. Bunn [defendant] would be leaving her residence within the next thirty minutes with the marijuana.\u201d Special Agent Surratt watched from a nearby car as Officer Uzzell made a telephone call. The officer came to the car after-wards and told him that, \u201che had received word from the informant that Mrs. Bunn [defendant] was going to leave her house in about thirty minutes to make a delivery of marijuana on the other side of town.\u201d These predictions of defendant\u2019s future behavior tend to show the existence of the informant. The corroboration was sufficient to meet the statutory requirement of G.S. 15A-978(b). The State was not, therefore, required to identify the informant.\nDefendant also assigns as error the finding of the court that a warrantless search of defendant\u2019s automobile was constitutionally permissible. \u201c[A]n automobile or other vehicle may be searched without a warrant when the officers have a reasonable or probable cause to believe that the vehicle is illegally transporting contraband materials.\u201d State v. Allen, 282 N.C. 503, 515, 194 S.E. 2d 9, 18 (1973); Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 45 S.Ct. 280, 69 L.Ed. 453 (1925). Probable cause to search has been defined as \u201ca reasonable ground of suspicion, supported by circumstances sufficiently strong in themselves to warrant a cautious man in believing the accused to be guilty.\u201d State v. Allen, supra, at 516, 194 S.E. 2d at 18-19. In this case, Officer Uzzell had twice received information concerning defendant\u2019s possession of marijuana from an informant he had reason to trust. The informant told him that the marijuana would be moved in about thirty minutes to the north end of town and explained that he had learned this by overhearing one end of a telephone conversation and named the place where he had heard it. When defendant left her house at approximately the time indicated carrying a bag large enough to contain the indicated drugs and drove off toward the north end of town, the officers who had her under surveillance had both a reasonable suspicion of her guilt and circumstances which reasonably reinforced their belief. Therefore, they had probable cause to make the search. See State v. Ketchie, 286 N.C. 387, 211 S.E. 2d 207 (1975); State v. Frederick, 31 N.C. App. 503, 230 S.E. 2d 421 (1976).\nDefendant\u2019s remaining assignments of error have been carefully considered. We find no prejudicial error.\nAffirmed.\nJudges CLARK and ERWIN concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "VAUGHN, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Edmisten, by Special Deputy Attorney General Robert P. Gruber, for the State.",
      "Dulse & Dulse, by Derbert B. Dulse, for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. VIRGINIA HINSON BUNN\nNo. 778SC813\n(Filed 18 April 1978)\n1. Constitutional Law \u00a7 67; Searches and Seizures \u00a7 43\u2014 motion to suppress \u2014 identity of informant \u2014 evidence of existence of informant\nIn a proceeding on a motion to suppress, there was sufficient corroboration of an informant\u2019s existence independent of testimony by the officer to whom the informant gave information about defendant\u2019s possession of marijuana so that the identity of the informant was not required to be disclosed to defendant pursuant to G.S. 15A-978(b) where a second officer\u2019s testimony established that he knew of the existence of the informant on the day of defendant\u2019s arrest, and where the second officer and an SBI agent testified that the first officer correctly predicted that defendant would be leaving her home at a certain time with marijuana in her possession and stated that he had received such information from the informant.\n2. Searches and Seizures \u00a7 11\u2014 warrantless search of automobile \u2014 probable cause\nOfficers had probable cause to search defendant\u2019s automobile without a warrant for marijuana where an officer twice received information from a reliable informant concerning defendant\u2019s possession of marijuana; the informant told the officer that he had learned from overhearing one end of a telephone conversation that defendant would move the marijuana from her residence to the north end of town within 30 minutes; and defendant left her house at the time indicated carrying a large paper bag and drove off toward the north end of town.\nAPPEAL by defendant from Browning, Judge. Judgment entered 19 May 1977 in Superior Court, WAYNE County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 1 February 1978.\nDefendant was indicted for possession of marijuana with intent to sell the same. She moved to suppress the State\u2019s evidence, and after a hearing, the motion was denied. Defendant, thereupon, entered a plea of guilty and judgment was entered. The appeal is from the order denying the motion to suppress and is taken pursuant to G.S. 15A-979(b).\nAttorney General Edmisten, by Special Deputy Attorney General Robert P. Gruber, for the State.\nDulse & Dulse, by Derbert B. Dulse, for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0114-01",
  "first_page_order": 142,
  "last_page_order": 146
}
