{
  "id": 8551959,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. AARON EVANS",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Evans",
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    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge BROCK and Judge MITCHELL concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. AARON EVANS"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "HEDRICK, Judge.\nThe defendant in his first three assignments of error contends that the trial court erred in its admission of the defendant\u2019s in-custody statement in which he admitted his participation in the robbery. The defendant argues essentially that the judge\u2019s finding at the conclusion of the voir dire that the defendant \u201cknowingly, voluntarily and understandingly . . . waived his right to remain silent\u201d was not supported by the evidence and was not sufficiently specific to resolve conflicts in the evidence.\nThe State\u2019s evidence on voir dire consisted of the testimony of Levi Simmons of the Jacksonville Police Department, the arresting officer. Officer Simmons testified that he arrested the defendant at approximately 6:15 p.m. on 28 December 1976, that he fully advised the defendant of his rights at that time, and that the defendant responded that he understood his rights. Officer Simmons further testified that upon their arrival at the police station at approximately 7:45 p.m., he again advised the defendant of his rights and that the defendant signed a waiver of rights \u201cacknowledging that he read the statement of his rights; that he understood what his rights were; that he was willing to make a statement and answer questions; that he did not want a lawyer at that time; that he understood what he was doing; that no promise or threat was made to him and no pressure or coercion had been used against him.\u201d Officer Simmons then read the defendant\u2019s written statement confessing to the robbery of the marines.\nIn support of his contentions the defendant argues that his own testimony at voir dire controverted the State\u2019s evidence and rendered the statement inadmissible, or at least necessitated specific findings to resolve conflicts. The defendant first refers to his testimony that when he inquired of Officer Simmons as to the purpose of the statement, the police officer responded that \u201cit would be put in my police file.\u201d We do not agree with the defendant that the simple reply of Officer Simmons would \u201cplainly indicate that the Defendant was under the impression that his statement would remain in his police file and no one but the officer would see it.\u201d To the contrary, uncontroverted evidence reflects that the defendant was fully advised of his \u201cright to remain silent and that anything he said could and would be used against him in court.\u201d Accordingly, we find no conflict in the evidence on this point.\nThe defendant also directs us to his testimony that while Officer Simmons was absent from the interrogation room Officer Hudson, another police officer, told the defendant that \u201cif I didn\u2019t cooperate he would see to it that I got thirty years.\u201d The State failed to offer any evidence to challenge this portion of the defendant\u2019s testimony. However, the record reflects that the defendant was fully advised of his right to remain silent at least twice and signed a written waiver of that right which added that \u201cno promise or threat was made to him and no pressure or coercion had been used against him.\u201d Thus, assuming the accuracy of the defendant\u2019s bare assertion that Officer Hudson threatened him, we find ample evidence to support the trial judge\u2019s finding that \u201cthe defendant knowingly, voluntarily and understandingly . . . waived his right to remain silent.\u201d\nThe defendant\u2019s contention that the conflict in the evidence created by his testimony of Officer Hudson\u2019s threats required a specific finding by the trial judge is also without merit. At the conclusion of a voir dire hearing to determine the admissibility of an in-custody confession, the trial judge must make findings of fact sufficiently specific to resolve any material conflicts in the evidence. State v. Siler, 292 N.C. 543, 234 S.E. 2d 733 (1977). In State v. Haskins, 278 N.C. 52, 178 S.E. 2d 610 (1971), a defendant argued that testimony on voir dire that he was under the influence of drugs when he made the challenged confession created a conflict in the evidence which the trial judge was required to resolve by a specific finding. Justice Branch, speaking for our Supreme Court, reasoned that the judge\u2019s finding that the defendant \u201c \u2018knowingly, intelligently and understandingly waived any constitutional rights . . .\u2019 implicitly carries the finding that his understanding and intelligence were not so adversely affected as to make him unconscious of the meaning of his words.\u201d 278 N.C. at 62, 178 S.E. 2d at 615. On the basis of Haskins we hold that the judge\u2019s finding in the present case that \u201cthe defendant . . . voluntarily . . . waived his right to remain silent\u201d adequately conveyed a finding that the defendant acted on his own volition, free from any coercion on the part of Officer Hudson.\nIn his seventh assignment of error, the defendant contends that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury upon the withdrawal of identification evidence which was found inadmissible. When one of the victims of the robbery identified the defendant as the perpetrator of the crime, the defendant objected. After a voir dire hearing, the trial judge sustained the defendant\u2019s objection and ruled the testimony inadmissible. The defendant then requested an instruction withdrawing the evidence, and the trial judge directed the defendant to renew his objection at a later time when he would rule on it. The defendant failed to renew his objection thereafter, and the requested instruction was never rendered. It is unclear why the trial judge postponed his ruling on the defendant's requested instruction. However, we think that it was within his discretion to do so, Miller v. Greenwood, 218 N.C. 146, 10 S.E. 2d 708 (1940); and when the defendant subsequently failed to comply with the judge\u2019s direction, he waived any right to an instruction which he might have asserted.\nThe defendant next contends that the trial judge improperly intimated an opinion in violation of G.S. 1-180 in his \u201crepeated questioning\u201d of witnesses and in sustaining his own objections. G.S. 1-180 has been interpreted by our courts on numerous occasions to require a trial judge to evince a courtroom demeanor of absolute impartiality. State v. Greene, 285 N.C. 482, 206 S.E. 2d 229 (1974). In the performance of his many functions including his interaction with the lawyers and witnesses he must avoid the appearance of favoring one party over another. State v. Greene, supra.\nThe record reflects that at several points during the trial the judge intervened in the examination of witnesses and propounded his own questions. It is established that a trial judge has the right and duty to control the examination of witnesses and to ask questions tending to clarify the witness\u2019 testimony for the jury. State v. Tinsley, 283 N.C. 564, 196 S.E. 2d 746 (1973). In doing so, the judge must refrain from impeaching or discrediting a witness or demonstrating any hostility toward the witness. 1 Stansbury\u2019s N.C. Evidence \u00a7 37 (Brandis Rev. 1973). The defendant refers to several exchanges between the judge and witnesses. We have examined each of these exchanges and are unable to detect an indirect expression of opinion by the judge. While the judge made no attempt to conceal his impatience at times, it was indiscriminately directed at State witnesses as well as defense witnesses. On each occasion the questions asked tended to clarify the witness\u2019 testimony and were not aimed at discrediting or impeaching the witness.\nThe defendant also directs our attention to several instances in which the trial judge sustained his own objections. The trial judge undoubtedly has the right to exclude objectionable evidence without an objection by the opposing party. 1 Stansbury\u2019s N.C. Evidence \u00a7 27 (Brandis Rev. 1973). However, G.S. 1-180 prohibits him from doing so in such a manner as to exhibit any hostility toward the party offering the evidence thereby expressing an opinion. State v. Staley, 292 N.C. 160, 232 S.E. 2d 680 (1977). The defendant cites State v. Lemmond, 12 N.C. App. 128, 182 S.E. 2d 636 (1971), as authority for his position. In Lem-mond the trial court sustained its own objections to 16 questions asked by defense counsel and accompanied two of the objections with admonishments. In the present case, the trial court sustained its own objections to three answers given by the defendant all of which were relating what someone else thought or said. The judge properly instructed the witness to refrain from testifying to the substance of another\u2019s remarks. We think that Lemmond is clearly distinguishable and that in our case the trial judge exercised his discretion without exceeding the bounds of impartiality and cold neutrality. These assignments of error are overruled.\nBy his sixteenth and seventeenth assignments of error, the defendant contends that the trial court misstated the evidence on material points entitling him to a new trial even in the absence of objection. As a general rule, a misstatement of the evidence or contentions by the trial judge will not entitle a defendant to a new trial unless the defendant makes a timely objection and calls it to the attention of the judge to permit him to correct it. State v. Lambe, 232 N.C. 570, 61 S.E. 2d 608 (1950); Huff v. Thornton, 287 N.C. 1, 213 S.E. 2d 198 (1975). The defendant seeks to invoke the exception to this rule found in State v. Stroud, 10 N.C. App. 30, 177 S.E. 2d 912 (1970). In Stroud the court's charge to the jury covered 66 pages in the record and was the source of 60 exceptions. The defendant in that case contended that in summarizing the contentions in the charge the trial judge expressed an opinion in violation of G.S. 1-180. After quoting a long segment of the charge and citing several examples of expressions by the judge tending to intimate an opinion, this Court held the following:\n\u201cWhile ordinarily error in stating contentions of the parties must be brought to the trial court\u2019s attention in time to afford opportunity for correction, where the misstatement of a contention upon a material point includes an assumption of evidence entirely unsupported by the record, the misstatement must be held prejudicial, notwithstanding the absence of timely objection. [Citations omitted.]\u201d\n10 N.C. App. at 36-7, 177 S.E. 2d at 916.\nIn the present case, the defendant cites two statements by the judge which he argues are unsupported by the evidence. While summarizing the testimony of one of the victims concerning the actual perpetration of the robbery, the judge charged that \u201c[h]e said one of the blacks that walked into that room number 15 looked like the defendant Evans.\u201d The record discloses that the witness testified that \u201ca man that resembles Mr. Evans\u201d was seen in the motel room a half hour before the robbery. In summarizing the defendant\u2019s testimony explaining the reason he signed the confession, the judge instructed that \u201c[h]e said that the participants in the robbery with him were his good friends, that he was covering up for them, and that this statement he made was false.\u201d The record establishes that the defendant testified that the perpetrators of the robbery were his friends, that he signed the confession \u201cto deceive\u201d the police and that he was not involved in the robbery.\nWe find this case distinguishable from Stroud. In Stroud the charge was replete with expressions by the judge tending to give emphasis to the State\u2019s contentions and containing some inaccuracies. We do not think that the two misstatements cited by the defendant rise to the level of potential harm of the overall charge in Stroud. The misstatements herein were more in the nature of slips of the tongue and as such could easily have been corrected by the trial judge if they had been called to his attention. Therefore, we hold that by failing to object the defendant lost his right to complain.\nThe remaining assignments of error which the defendant argues in his brief pertain to the admission and exclusion of evidence. We have carefully examined the relevant portions of the record and find no prejudicial error in the trial judge\u2019s rulings thereon.\nWe hold that the defendant received a fair trial free from prejudicial error.\nNo error.\nChief Judge BROCK and Judge MITCHELL concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HEDRICK, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Edmisten, by Associate Attorney Thomas H. Davis, Jr., for the State.",
      "Jimmy G. Gaylor for the defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. AARON EVANS\nNo. 774SC970\n(Filed 2 May 1978)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7 76.5\u2014 voir dire on defendant\u2019s statement \u2014 no conflict in evidence \u2014 specific findings not required\nTestimony by defendant on voir dire that he was under the impression that his statement made to a police officer would remain in his police file and would be seen only by the officer and testimony by defendant that an officer told him that he would get thirty years\u2019 imprisonment if he did not cooperate did not create a conflict in the evidence which the trial court was required to resolve by a specific finding, since defendant was fully advised that anything he said could and would be used against him in court; and defendant was advised of his right to remain silent and he signed a written waiver of that right which added that \u201cno promise or threat was made to him and no pressure or coercion had been used against him.\u201d\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 119\u2014 request for instructions \u2014 ruling on request postponed \u2014 failure to renew request\nIt was within the trial court\u2019s discretion to postpone his ruling on defendant\u2019s requested instruction; and when defendant subsequently failed to comply with the trial judge\u2019s direction to renew his request at a later time, defendant waived any right to an instruction which he might have asserted.\n3. Criminal Law \u00a7 99.8\u2014 court\u2019s examination of witnesses \u2014 no expression of opinion\nThe trial court did not express an opinion in violation of G.S. 1-180 by questioning the witnesses himself where the questions asked tended to clarify the witnesses\u2019 testimony and were not aimed at discrediting or impeaching the witnesses.\n4. Criminal Law \u00a7 99.4\u2014 court\u2019s sustaining of own objections \u2014 no expression of opinion\nThe trial court did not express an opinion in violation of G.S. 1-180 by sustaining his own objections to three answers given by defendant all of which were relating what someone else thought or said and by instructing the witness to refrain from testifying to the substance of another\u2019s remarks.\n5. Criminal Law \u00a7 163\u2014 misstatement of evidence in jury charge \u2014necessity for objection\nSlight misstatements by the trial court in summarizing the evidence were more in the nature of slips of the tongue and as such could easily have been corrected by the trial judge if they had been called to his attention; therefore, by failing to object defendant lost his right to complain.\nAPPEAL by defendant from Gavin, Judge. Judgment entered 11 May 1977 in Superior Court, ONSLOW County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 30 March 1978.\nDefendant was charged in proper bills of indictment with armed robbery. Upon his pleas of not guilty, the State presented evidence tending to show the following:\nOn 26 December 1976 at approximately 2:00 p.m., four marines were relaxing in a room at the Circle Drive Motel in Jacksonville, North Carolina. Suddenly the door swung open and several men entered, one of them drawing a pistol. The marines were ordered to lie on the beds facedown while the intruders took money from their wallets and pockets and some traveler\u2019s checks belonging to one of the victims. After the robbers fled, the victims notified the police.\nOn 28 December 1976 the police, investigating an unrelated matter, were permitted to enter an apartment leased by Jack Hipp. Upon noticing some stolen furniture, the police advised Hipp and the defendant of their rights and requested permission to search the premises. With Hipp\u2019s consent, a search was conducted in which approximately fifteen hundred dollars worth of stolen property was found. Some traveler\u2019s checks bearing the name of one of the victims of the robbery were also found. Hipp and the defendant were arrested and taken to the police station where the defendant was questioned after again being advised of his rights. At the conclusion of the interrogation, the defendant signed a statement confessing to the robbery at the Circle Drive Motel.\nThe defendant offered evidence tending to show that at the time of the robbery he was at Hipp\u2019s apartment playing cards.\nThe jury found the defendant guilty of two counts of armed robbery. From judgments imposing two consecutive prison sentences of 25 years, the defendant appealed.\nAttorney General Edmisten, by Associate Attorney Thomas H. Davis, Jr., for the State.\nJimmy G. Gaylor for the defendant appellant."
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