{
  "id": 8548256,
  "name": "FREDERICK HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS -and-; DAVID HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS -and-; JAMES HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS",
  "name_abbreviation": "Hardy ex rel. Adams v. Tesh",
  "decision_date": "1969-06-18",
  "docket_number": "No. 6921SC260",
  "first_page": "107",
  "last_page": "113",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "5 N.C. App. 107"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "114 S.E. 2d 105",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "252 N.C. 368",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8622343
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/252/0368-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 565,
    "char_count": 14163,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.603,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 1.2514423364493507e-07,
      "percentile": 0.6102639574739686
    },
    "sha256": "7581a6606a132c5abd4e512f0aa3667aa32f27c1e17800f35fb77b7dce916ee9",
    "simhash": "1:efc170d3ebc88c94",
    "word_count": 2480
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:58:43.915660+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "BROCK and Morris, JJ., concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "FREDERICK HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS \u2014and\u2014 DAVID HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS \u2014and\u2014 JAMES HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Campbell, J.\nThe appeal presents only the question of whether \u201cthe evidence offered by [David], considered in the light most favorable to [him], was sufficient to warrant submission thereof to the jury as to the alleged actionable negligence of\u201d Tesh. Jones v. Schaffer, 252 N.C. 368, 114 S.E. 2d 105.\nDavid alleged that his injuries were caused by the joint and concurrent negligence of the two drivers. He alleged that Tesh drove at an excessive speed, failed to stop for a stop sign and to yield the right of way, failed to keep a proper lookout and failed to have the Pontiac automobile under proper control. He alleged that Edd drove at an excessive speed, failed to keep a proper lookout, failed to keep the Ford automobile under proper control, failed to drive on the right half of Robinhood and \u201cinstead left the highway and entered into the intersecting street, in violation of G.S. 20-147.\u201d He further alleged that Edd \u201cchanged the course of travel of the vehicle which he was driving into the intersecting road upon which the automobile of . . . Tesh was stopped and did so in such a manner as to cause his vehicle to go into the left side of Shoreland Road and crash into the automobile driven by . . . Tesh in violation of G.S. 20-153(a)\u201d.\nWith regard to the collision itself, the plaintiffs offered their own testimony and the testimony of Edd, Tesh and L. N. Ivester, the investigating police officer.\nJames testified that he was talking at the time of the collision and that\n\u201cwhen [Edd] came up to the top of the hill, he applied the brakes right quick and that is all we heard \u2014 the squeaking tires \u2014 and my head \u2014 I flew over the seat and hit the dashboard and knocked out my teeth.\nI did not see the other car at any time before this collision.\nFrederick testified:\n\u201cI can\u2019t exactly remember nothing about this accident. . . . I don\u2019t remember where I rode in the car. I don\u2019t remember anything about the accident itself.\u201d\nDavid testified:\n\u201cAs to what I remember about the accident and the events leading up to it; as we was on our way, we was going along past the street and everything, and when we got down there about Robin-hood Road, me and my brother was carrying on a conversation, and we just talked like brothers do, and mostly we was talking about the trip, and all of a sudden I heard the wheels and things begin to slide on the car, and I turned around and I seen the car out there in the street \u2014 a quick glance is all I could get. Regarding whether or not I saw the car we hit, before the collision: I turned around, I got a quick glance at it, but I couldn\u2019t see it because it happened so quick I just barely could see it. As to whether or not I saw where the car was right before we hit: when I seen the car it was approaching the street. I turned around, and all I know, my head or something, some part of my face hit the dashboard of the car, some part of the front of the car somewhere. . . .\u201d\nOn direct examination by plaintiffs\u2019 counsel, Tesh testified:\n\u201cJust preceding this accident, I pulled up to the intersection, stopped, looked to the right and there was nothing coming. I heard tires screeching, I turned to the left and the Hardy car was approaching. It skidded into the left front of my automobile and knocked it around at a 90-degree angle approximately. His car hit mine at my left front wheel, damaging the side up as far as the door back of the wheel and then the grille to the front of the wheel.\u201d\nOn cross-examination Tesh testified:\n\u201cI pulled up and stopped on Shoreland Road in response to the stop sign which was there. When I came to a stop, the front of my car was 18 inches to 2 feet back into Shoreland Road from the edge of Robinhood Road as it crosses over Shoreland Road. My car was at a complete stop. I looked to my right, which mean I was looking in towards town, which is the direction indicated on the blackboard diagram as south. There was no traffic going out to the north on Robinhood. The noise I heard of tires screeching came from my left, and I turned to my left. At that point I observed the car driven by Mr. Hardy; it was about 80 feet from me, skidding toward me, and as it approached me it came in a broadside condition, ran off of the Robinhood Road into Shoreland Road and struck me. . . .\n... I have an opinion satisfactory to myself that the speed to the Hardy car when I first observed it and as it came towards me was 45 to 50 miles an hour. . . .\u201d\nEdd testified:\n\u201cAs to what happened as I approached this intersection leading up to the time of the accident: when I crossed Silas Creek down there I was coming up the hill and all at once this car just come out in the road and I applied brakes and I hit, and that\u2019s the only thing I remember. As I approached this intersection before the accident happened, other than the car that I hit, I also saw a car that was meeting me and one was in front of me. The car that was in front of me had got by the intersection and one was meeting me.\nBefore the collision, the car that I hit was coming from my right on the intersecting street, coming into Robinhood Road. I .don\u2019t know where it hit in the intersection there, exactly.\u201d\nOn cross-examination by Saunders, Edd testified:\n\u201cWhen I approached Shoreland Road, coming up to it I just seed [sic] the car coming on out, and I applied brakes and I hit. That is all I remember: I applied brakes and I hit. I saw the car coming out Shoreland Road onto Robinhood Road. I saw the front of that car coming on out into Robinhood Road and I applied the brakes. I just jammed the brakes on. As far as remembering the car skidding at that time, it happened so quick. . . . After I applied the brakes, as far as observing the Pontiac automobile driven by Mr. Tesh then, I just observed \u2014 I tried to hold it and it hit and that is all I remember. I don\u2019t remember trying to turn the wheel or nothing.\u201d\nPolice Officer Ivester testified that he investigated the accident and that when he arrived he observed the Ford automobile in the middle of and sitting sideways across Robinhood, with the front pointed in a general northwesterly direction. No part of it was in Shoreland. The Pontiac automobile was sitting on the southwest corner of Shoreland and Robinhood, with the front pointed in a southeasterly direction. The rear portion of the Pontiac automobile was off the street, but the front was one or two feet on Robinhood. He testified that he observed tire marks and that these\n\u201c. . . tire marks had started on Robinhood and went off the pavement and came into Shoreland, and the tire marks stopped approximately 3 feet from the south curb line of Shoreland, 4 feet west of Robinhood, and the cars were at that position shown on the diagram when I arrived. . . .\n. . . By saying \u20184 feet west of Robinhood\u2019 I am talking about 4 feet into Shoreland Drive. There was a gouge mark. . . . That gouge mark led up to the left front wheel of the Hardy car.\u201d\nHe testified that by gouge mark he meant something that had dug into the pavement; this gouge mark started inside of Shoreland and then led up to the Ford automobile; and the left front tire of the Ford automobile was partly off of the rim. The Pontiac automobile was 36 feet from where the tire marks ended and the gouge mark appeared in the pavement. He further testified:\n\u201cThe gouge mark was 4 feet west of the curb line of Robinhood Road and 21 feet south of the north curb line of Shoreland.\nThe evidence, when taken in the light strongest for the plaintiffs, reveals that, as the Ford automobile approached the intersection, Edd, according to his testimony, saw the Pontiac \u201ccoming out Shoreland\u201d and \u201csaw the front of that car coming on out into Robin-hood\u201d; Edd \u201cjammed the brakes on\u201d, but the two vehicles collided. The Ford automobile came to rest \u201csitting right out in the middle of Robinhood\u201d and \u201c[n]o part of [the Ford] was extending into Shoreland\u201d. The Pontiac automobile, which was knocked 36 feet and which turned a 90-degree angle, came to rest on the southwest corner of Shoreland and Robinhood with the front pointing in a general southeasterly direction and with the front extending into Robinhood for 1 or 2 feet. The left front and right front fenders of the Ford automobile were damaged and the left front tire was punctured and partially off the rim. The left front fender of the Pontiac automobile was damaged. There were tire marks extending for a distance of 135 feet. These marks started on Robinhood, went off the pavement, came into Shoreland and stopped at a point approximately 3 feet from the south curb line of Shoreland and 4 feet west of the westerly curb line of Robinhood. There was also a gouge mark located 4 feet west of the western curb line of Robinhood and 21 feet south of the north curb line of Shoreland, and this gouge mark led up to the left front tire of the Ford automobile.\nThe only evidence of actionable negligence on the part of Tesh was the testimony of Edd to the effect that he saw the Pontiac \u201ccoming out Shoreland\u201d and \u201cinto Robinhood\u201d. However, this testimony \u201cis in irreconcilable conflict with [the] physical facts [i.e., the tire marks and gouge marks] established by plaintiff\u2019s uncontradicted evidence.\u201d Jones v. Schaffer, supra. This uncontradicted evidence places the point of impact on Shoreland and not on Robinhood and corroborates the testimony of Tesh, which was part of the plaintiffs\u2019 evidence.\n\u201c 'As a general rule, evidence which is inherently impossible or in conflict with indisputable physical facts ... is not sufficient to take the case to the jury, and in case of such inherently impossible evidence, the trial court has the duty of taking the case from the jury.\u2019 . . . It is noted: \u2018The rule that a nonsuit should be directed, if the physical facts disprove the plaintiff\u2019s case, is inapplicable if there is a substantial conflict in the evidence tending to prove the physical facts.\u2019 . . . Here, the relevant physical facts are established by plaintiff\u2019s uncontra-dicted evidence.\u201d Jones v. Schaffer, supra.\nThe judgment of involuntary nonsuit as to Tesh was properly entered.\nAffirmed.\nBROCK and Morris, JJ., concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Campbell, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Randolph and Drum by Clyde C. Randolph, Jr., for plaintiff appellants.",
      "Deal, Hutchins & Minor by John M. Minor and William K. Davis for defendant Tesh appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "FREDERICK HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS \u2014and\u2014 DAVID HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS \u2014and\u2014 JAMES HARDY, by his Next Friend, EDMUND I. ADAMS v. FELIX L. TESH and PINE HALL BRICK & PIPE COMPANY, and H. K. SAUNDERS\nNo. 6921SC260\n(Filed 18 June 1969)\nAutomobiles \u00a7\u00a7 47, 57\u2014 intersection accident \u2014 nonsuit \u2014 plaintiff\u2019s evidence contradicted by physical facts\nIn an action for personal injuries received in a collision at a T-inter-seetion, the trial court properly allowed defendant\u2019s motion for nonsuit where plaintiff\u2019s only evidence of actionable negligence by defendant, that defendant drove his automobile from a servient highway into the path of the automobile in which plaintiff was riding on the dominant highway, is in irreconcilable conflict with the uncontradicted physical facts established by plaintiff\u2019s evidence which place the point of impact on the servient highway and corroborate testimony by defendant, which was a part of plaintiff\u2019s evidence, that his automobile was stopped on the servient highway pursuant to a stop sign at the intersection when the automobile in which plaintiff rode skidded into it.\nAppeal by plaintiffs from Armstrong, J., 6 January 1969 Session, FoRSYth County Superior Court.\nThe three cases were consolidated for trial. The parties stipulated that only the appeal in the case of David Hardy (David) would be perfected, and it was agreed that the decision would be binding and conclusive with regard to the cases of Frederick Hardy (Frederick) and James Hardy (James).\nThe cases arose out of an automobile collision on 9 January 1965 about 5:10 p.m. in the City of Winston-Salem. Two automobiles were involved, a 1964 Ford automobile owned by the defendant H. K. Saunders (Saunders) and driven by Edd Hardy, Jr., (Edd) and a 1965 Pontiac automobile leased by the defendant Pine Hall Brick & Pipe Company (Pine Hall) and driven by the defendant Felix L. Tesh (Tesh).\nThe three plaintiffs were the minor children of Edd, and they were riding in the Ford automobile with him. David, who was fourteen years of age, was riding in the front seat next to the door, while Frederick, who was five years of age, was riding in the front seat between Edd and David. James was twelve years of age and was riding in the back seat by himself.\nRobinhood Road (Robinhood) and Shoreland Road (Shoreland) were paved, hard-surfaced streets and were approximately twenty-seven feet wide. Robinhood, which ran in a general north-south direction, was upgrade from the point where it crossed Silas Creek Parkway as it went southerly towards the intersection with Shore-land. Shoreland ran in a general east-west direction and intersected Robinhood from the west. It did not cross Robinhood and thereby formed a T-intersection. The maximum speed limit on both streets was thirty-five miles per hour. Traffic on Shoreland was controlled by a stop sign. Therefore, Robinhood was the dominant road and Shoreland was the servient road.\nEdd was driving the Ford automobile in a southerly direction on Robinhood and Tesh was driving the Pontiac automobile in an easterly direction on Shoreland. The two vehicles collided at the T-intersection and all three of the Hardy children were injured.\nAt the close of the plaintiffs\u2019 evidence, the trial court entered an order declaring a mistrial as to Saunders and continuing the cases against him for the remainder of the court session. The trial court sustained motions for judgment as of involuntary nonsuit and entered a judgment to that effect as to Tesh and Pine Hall. The plaintiffs thereupon excepted and assigned as error the action of the trial court in granting Tesh\u2019s motion and in entering the judgment of involuntary nonsuit as to Tesh.\nRandolph and Drum by Clyde C. Randolph, Jr., for plaintiff appellants.\nDeal, Hutchins & Minor by John M. Minor and William K. Davis for defendant Tesh appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0107-01",
  "first_page_order": 129,
  "last_page_order": 135
}
