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  "name_abbreviation": "Campbell v. First Baptist Church of Durham",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges Clark and Arnold concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "GEORGE HARVEY CAMPBELL, Individually and as Representative of the Citizens and Taxpayers of Durham, North Carolina v. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF THE CITY OF DURHAM, an Unincorporated Association; CITY OF DURHAM; REDEVELOPMENT COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF DURHAM; and the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Department of Housing and Urban Development, James T. Lynn, Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "MARTIN (Harry C.), Judge.\nAppellant properly brings forward only one assignment of error. The sole question on this appeal is whether the trial court erred in declaring void the conveyance of the Church tract from the Church to the Redevelopment Commission. At the hearing, the parties stipulated that the deed to the Markham tract should be declared void, but disputed the validity of the deed to the Church tract. In its brief, appellant argues that \u201c[t]he decisions and opinions of the appellate Courts did not themselves invalidate the conveyance of the Church tract ... either directly or by necessary implication.\u201d\nThe parties agree that the mandate of an appellate court is binding on the trial court, which must strictly adhere to its holdings. N.C. Gen. Stat. 1-298; D. & W., Inc. v. Charlotte, 268 N.C. 720, 152 S.E. 2d 199 (1966). Appellant argues that the trial court misperceived our opinion and the Supreme Court\u2019s affirmance thereof, contending that only the deed to the Markham tract was to be declared void. The issue, then, is the proper interpretation of our decision in the previous appeal, that is, whether the entire exchange, or merely the deed to the Markham tract, was held to be void.\nExpressions contained in an appellate court decision must be interpreted in the context of the factual situation under review, or the framework of the particular case. Insurance Co. v. Insurance Co., 279 N.C. 240, 182 S.E. 2d 571 (1971); Insurance Co. v. Insurance Co., 276 N.C. 243, 172 S.E. 2d 55 (1970); Collins v. Simms, 257 N.C. 1, 125 S.E. 2d 298 (1962).\nHere, plaintiff originally and expressly sought to have the entire transaction \u2014 the \u201cexchange\u201d \u2014 declared void. Defendants resisted on the grounds that an exchange should not be subject to the statutory procedures governing sales by the Redevelopment Commission under N.C.G.S. 160-464 (now N.C.G.S. 160A-514). Until the action was remanded, none of the parties ever regarded the exchange as other than a single transaction or occurrence. To \u201cexchange\u201d has been defined as \u201c[t]o part with, give, or transfer for an equivalent.\u201d Black\u2019s Law Dictionary 671 (4th ed. rev. 1968). In an exchange, specific property is given in consideration of property other than money, although one of the parties may pay a sum of money in addition to the property. Id. In our decision on the earlier appeal, Judge Hedrick stated:\nWe hold that the \u201cexchange\u201d of property between a redevelopment commission and a \u201credeveloper\u201d such as the First Baptist Church in this case, is nothing more than a \u201cprivate sale\u201d of real property ... and that such exchange must be in compliance with all of the requirements of G.S. \u00a7 160-464(e)(4).\n39 N.C. App. at 128-29, 250 S.E. 2d at 74 (emphasis added). This Court further held that because the statutory procedures had not been followed in conveying the Markham tract, that deed was void ab initio, and concluded:\nWe hold that the trial court erred in concluding that the exchange of property between the Redevelopment Commission and the First Baptist Church \u201cwere lawful conveyances\u201d and that \u201cthe First Baptist Church, in any event, was a bona fide purchaser; and the provisions of G.S. 160A-522 are applicable.\u201d\nWith respect to plaintiff s first cause of action, the judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded to the Superior Court of Durham County for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.\n39 N.C. App. at 130, 250 S.E. 2d at 75 (emphasis added).\nIn affirming our decision, the Supreme Court initially noted that plaintiff \u201cinstituted this action seeking to set aside an exchange of real property.\u201d 298 N.C. at 476, 259 S.E. 2d at 559 (emphasis added). It further noted that plaintiff sought \u201cto void the deeds on grounds that the exchange did not comport with the statutory requirements governing transfers of land by the Redevelopment Commission.\u201d 298 N.C. at 477, 259 S.E. 2d at 560 (emphasis added). It held that the Redevelopment Commission did not comply with the applicable statutes, under which \u201ca private \u2018exchange\u2019 is no different from a private \u2018sale\u2019 in terms of its nature and effect.\u201d 298 at 484, 259 S.E. 2d at 564.\nThus, while declaring the conveyance of the Markham tract void from its inception, this Court reversed the trial court\u2019s conclusion that the exchange, involving two conveyances, was valid. A reversal by an appellate court is a directive to the trial court to reverse its ruling. Teague v. Oil Co., 232 N.C. 469, 61 S.E. 2d 345 (1950). The holding that the Markham tract deed was void ab initio resulted in the necessity of declaring the entire exchange void. To hold otherwise would work an injustice, as the consideration given for the Church tract was not merely money but included a specific and unique piece of property. The conveyance of the Markham property to the Church was an integral part of its agreement to convey the Church property. Where an instrument is set aside, the object of the law is to restore the parties to their original positions. Gilbert v. West, 211 N.C. 465, 190 S.E. 727 (1937). The grantee is entitled to recover its consideration, including its property if possible. See Smith v. Smith, 261 N.C. 278, 134 S.E. 2d 331 (1964); Childress v. Trading Post, 247 N.C. 150, 100 S.E. 2d 391 (1957).\nWe hold that Judge Battle\u2019s judgment on remand was consistent with the earlier appellate court decisions.\nAffirmed.\nJudges Clark and Arnold concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "MARTIN (Harry C.), Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "W.I. Thornton, Jr. and Daniel K. Edwards for defendant appellant, City of Durham.",
      "Haywood, Denny & Miller, by Egbert L. Haywood and David M. Lomas, for defendant appellee, First Baptist Church."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "GEORGE HARVEY CAMPBELL, Individually and as Representative of the Citizens and Taxpayers of Durham, North Carolina v. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF THE CITY OF DURHAM, an Unincorporated Association; CITY OF DURHAM; REDEVELOPMENT COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF DURHAM; and the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Department of Housing and Urban Development, James T. Lynn, Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development\nNo. 8014SC778\n(Filed 7 April 1981)\nMunicipal Corporations \u00a7 4.5- exchange of property between redevelopment commission and church - effect of prior appellate decisions\nPrior appellate court decisions rendered void the entire exchange of real property between a municipal redevelopment commission and a church, including a conveyance of property by the church to the redevelopment commission as well as a conveyance by the redevelopment commission to the church.\nAppeal by defendant City of Durham from Battle, Judge. Judgment entered 3 April 1980 in Superior Court, Durham County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 4 March 1981.\nThis case arises out of an exchange of real property made in connection with an urban renewal project. On 19 January 1973 defendant First Baptist Church conveyed to defendant Redevelopment Commission a parcel of land referred to as the \u201cChurch tract.\u201d On the same day, the Redevelopment Commission conveyed to the church a parcel called the \u201cMarkham tract,\u201d and paid $1,885.17 in cash for the difference in value. The City of Durham now acts as successor to the Redevelopment Commission.\nIn February 1973, plaintiff brought suit attacking the exchange, in two causes of action, of which only the first is relevant to this appeal. Plaintiff alleged that the exchange did not comply with statutory procedures under N.C.G.S. 160-464 (now N.C.G.S. 160A-514) and sought relief including the following: \u201c[that] (a) The court declare the exchange illegal, ultra vires and void; (b) The court cancel and rescind the deeds and other instruments between the defendant Commission and defendant Church effectuating such exchange.\u201d\nUpon trial on the merits, the trial court concluded that the conveyances were lawful and that each deed gave the respective party good and valid title to the tract described. This Court reversed on that issue, and remanded the case to the superior court because of the Redevelopment Commission\u2019s failure to follow statutory procedures, and the Supreme Court of North Carolina affirmed. Campbell v. Church, 39 N.C. App. 117, 250 S.E. 2d 68 (1978), affd, 298 N.C. 476,259 S.E. 2d 558 (1979). These opinions set out the factual background in detail.\nUpon remand, the superior court entered judgment declaring both deeds void and ordering the church to repay $1,885.17, with interest. Defendant City of Durham appeals.\nW.I. Thornton, Jr. and Daniel K. Edwards for defendant appellant, City of Durham.\nHaywood, Denny & Miller, by Egbert L. Haywood and David M. Lomas, for defendant appellee, First Baptist Church."
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  "file_name": "0393-01",
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