{
  "id": 2644182,
  "name": "RENTAL TOWEL AND UNIFORM SERVICE v. BYNUM INTERNATIONAL, INC.",
  "name_abbreviation": "Rental Towel & Uniform Service v. Bynum International, Inc.",
  "decision_date": "1981-03-17",
  "docket_number": "No. 8012DC645",
  "first_page": "203",
  "last_page": "209",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "51 N.C. App. 203"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "270 S.E. 2d 577",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "49 N.C. App. 121",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8519697
      ],
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/49/0121-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "210 S.E. 2d 216",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1974,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "24 N.C. App. 127",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8549338
      ],
      "year": 1974,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/24/0127-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "179 S.E. 2d 697",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1971,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "278 N.C. 181",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8559944
      ],
      "year": 1971,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/278/0181-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "254 S.E. 2d 633",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1979,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "41 N.C. App. 267",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8548845
      ],
      "year": 1979,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/41/0267-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "263 S.E. 2d 565",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "299 N.C. 476",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8575274
      ],
      "year": 1980,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/299/0476-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 535,
    "char_count": 12222,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.732,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 7.634541218956511e-08,
      "percentile": 0.4510886542033918
    },
    "sha256": "3cc868235f69bb23c2353e81ca2b973a814d2eb392c78e30873192b6805a9583",
    "simhash": "1:2b59a6a94697dd54",
    "word_count": 2018
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:24:29.581265+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judge Martin (Robert M.) concurs.",
      "Judge Clark dissents."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "RENTAL TOWEL AND UNIFORM SERVICE v. BYNUM INTERNATIONAL, INC."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "HEDRICK, Judge.\nIt is the duty of the trial judge to declare and explain the law arising on the evidence given in the case. G.S. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 51(a); N.C. Board of Transportation v. Rand, 299 N.C. 476, 263 S.E. 2d 565 (1980); Rector v. James, 41 N.C. App. 267, 254 S.E. 2d 633 (1979). This means, among other things, that the judge must submit to the jury such issues as when answered by them will resolve all material controversies between the parties, as raised by the pleadings and the evidence. Link v. Link, 278 N.C. 181, 179 S.E. 2d 697 (1971); Howell v. Howell, 24 N.C. App. 127, 210 S.E. 2d 216 (1974). See also G.S. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 49(b). See, generally, Harrison v. McLear, 49 N.C. App. 121, 270 S.E. 2d 577 (1980).\nParagraph two of the paper writing admittedly executed by plaintiff and defendant in pertinent part provides:\n2. TERM OF AGREEMENT: In consideration of the substantial investment by RENTAL [plaintiff] in merchandise and equipment to provide service to CUSTOMER [defendant], this Agreement shall continue for thirty (30) months from the installation date, and shall continue from year to year thereafter, provided it is not terminated by either party by written notice to the other at least sixty (60) days prior to the expiration of the initial term or any renewal term. ...\nIf the CUSTOMER fails to comply with this Agreement, or if the CUSTOMER elects to terminate it for any reason prior to the expiration of the term above stated, the CUSTOMER will pay RENTAL as liquidated charges, an amount equal to one-half of the total regular weekly rental multiplied by the number of weeks remaining in the term, plus the current replacement value of any garments not returned to RENTAL.\nThe evidence is sufficient to raise an inference that the parties intended to enter into a thirty month contract. However, we believe that the evidence is also sufficient to raise an inference that the parties intended to enter into a contract for a renewal term. The paper writing (plaintiffs Exhibit No. 1), admittedly executed by both parties, refers to an original contract to be effective for thirty months from the \u201cinstallation date,\u201d but the same paper writing also refers to a \u201crenewal\u201d agreement. We think it significant that plaintiffs Exhibit No. 1, the contract form used by the parties, contained in the upper right hand corner the word \u201crenewal\u201d with a blank to be filled in, and the words \u201cinstallation date\u201d with a blank to be filled in. Defendant\u2019s president, Bynum, testified that the blank beside the word \u201crenewal\u201d had already been filled in with the date \u201c10/16/78\u201d when he executed the agreement. Plaintiffs general manager, Miller, testified that when he received the agreement executed by defendant he personally struck out the date \u201c10/16/ 78\u201d and filled in the blank beside the words \u201cinstallation date\u201d with the date \u201c12-11-78.\u201d When the testimony of defendant\u2019s president is considered together with plaintiffs Exhibit No. 1, we are of the opinion that the evidence raises the inference sufficient to be submitted to the jury that defendant intended only to enter into a contract for a renewal term. Therefore, the only controversy raised by the evidence is whether the parties intended to enter a thirty month contract, or whether they intended to enter a contract for a renewal term.\nThe first issue submitted to the jury, in our opinion, does not resolve the controversy between the parties. This issue refers to a contract \u201cto become effective on the installation date of December 11th, 1978, with the terms of the contract to be as set forth in paragraph two (2) of the contract.\u201d The provisions of paragraph two of plaintiff\u2019s Exhibit No. 1 refer to the \u201cinstallation date\u201d only as the beginning point of a full thirty month contract, and not as the beginning point of any renewal term. Thus, the issue submitted precludes any consideration by the jury that the parties intended to enter into a contract for a renewal term.\nIn order to resolve the controversy raised by the evidence, the jury must be given the opportunity to determine (1) whether the parties intended to enter into a thirty month contract, and (2) whether the parties intended to enter a contract for a renewal term. If the jury answers the first issue yes, there would be no necessity to answer the second issue, but if the jury answers the first issue no, it must answer the second issue. There is no controversy that defendant breached the contract, and there would be no necessity to submit such an issue. Whichever issue the jury answers in the affirmative, the court can calculate the damages from paragraph two of plaintiffs Exhibit No. 1.\nBecause of the error in the submission of an improper issue, there must be a new trial with respect to plaintiffs claim. Since no error has been assigned by defendant to the portion of the judgment directing a verdict for plaintiff with respect to defendant\u2019s counterclaim, that portion of the judgment will be affirmed.\nNew trial in part; affirmed in part.\nJudge Martin (Robert M.) concurs.\nJudge Clark dissents.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HEDRICK, Judge."
      },
      {
        "text": "Judge Clark\ndissenting:\nI see no reason to disturb the award of $3,276.44 to the plaintiff after jury trial in the District Court.\nThe plaintiff alleged and offered evidence tending to show a renegotiated new contract to cover a period of 30 months, as provided in Paragraph 2 of the printed contract. Defendant in his answer denied the new 30-month contract. Defendant also counterclaimed, alleging a renewal contract for a period of 12 months, and a breach by plaintiff, but the trial court directed a verdict for plaintiff on defendant\u2019s counterclaim, and defendant did not contest the ruling on appeal. Under the circumstances the issues submitted were properly raised by the pleadings and the evidence and were sufficient to resolve all material controversies between the parties.\nThe two issues proposed by the majority were not necessary, and the second issue submitted in this case was raised by defendant\u2019s evidence of the failure to deliver the uniforms in apt time.\nI vote to affirm.",
        "type": "dissent",
        "author": "Judge Clark"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "H. Gerald Beaver, for the plaintiff appellee.",
      "Bowen & Lytch, by Benjamin N. Thompson, for the defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "RENTAL TOWEL AND UNIFORM SERVICE v. BYNUM INTERNATIONAL, INC.\nNo. 8012DC645\n(Filed 17 March 1981)\nContracts \u00a7 28- breach of contract action - instructions improper\nIn an action to recover damages for breach of a contract under which plaintiff supplied uniforms for defendant\u2019s employees, evidence was sufficient to raise a question for the jury as to whether the parties intended to enter into a thirty month contract or whether they intended to enter a contract for a renewal term, and the trial court erred in failing to so instruct the jury.\nJudge Clark dissenting.\nAppeal by defendant from Cherry, Judge. Judgment entered 18 March 1980 in District Court, Cumberland County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 3 February 1981.\nThis is a civil action wherein plaintiff seeks to recover damages for breach of a contract under which plaintiff supplied uniforms for defendant\u2019s employees. In its complaint dated 9 August 1979, plaintiff, inter alia, alleged that on 8 November 1978 it and defendant entered into a contract for uniform rental at an agreed price to run for thirty months from the installation date of 11 December 1978; that defendant breached this contract on or about 29 May 1979 by informing plaintiff to retrieve its uniforms and discontinue future service; and that plaintiff was therefore entitled to liquidated damages under the contract of $3,276.44. Defendant answered 3 October 1979, denying the material allegations of the complaint and further alleging in a counterclaim that on or about 16 October 1978 plaintiff and defendant renewed an existing contract for uniform rental with the term of this \u201crenewal contract\u201d to be one year, and that defendant should recover $1,000 from plaintiff for tendering non-conforming goods under this contract. Plaintiff replied 4 October 1979 denying the material allegations of the counterclaim.\nAt trial, plaintiff offered a paper writing entitled \u201cRental Service Agreement\u201d which contained the signature of John W. Miller, the general manager of plaintiff, dated 8 November 1978, and the signature of Richard F. Bynum, the president of defendant. Miller testified that plaintiff and defendant had been doing business under a contract which began in 1976, and that this prior contract had expired and the parties \u201cwere in the process of renegotiating a new contract.\u201d Miller also testified that he received the paper writing noted above on 8 November 1978. The document had been signed by Bynum, and the date \u201c10/16/78\u201d was written in the blank labelled \u201crenewal,\u201d while nothing appeared in the blank labelled \u201cinstallation date.\u201d Since it was Miller\u2019s understanding that the date 16 October 1978 represented the date Bynum had signed the contract, and since plaintiffs \u201cstandard process\u201d was to \u201cput the customer number in the blank that said renewal,\u201d Miller struck out the date \u201c10/16/78\u201d in the blank labelled \u201crenewal\u201d and wrote in defendant\u2019s \u201cidentification number.\u201d Miller then inserted the date \u201c12/11/78\u201d in the blank labelled \u201cinstallation date,\u201d and signed and dated the document. Although the \u201cnormal procedure\u201d was to deliver a copy of the document to the customer, Miller could not locate or recall what happened to defendant\u2019s copy. Plaintiff ordered new uniforms for defendant \u201c[u]pon the entry into this contract\u201d and the first delivery of these uniforms occurred on 11 December 1978. Uniforms were delivered to and paid for by defendant for several months.\nTwo other employees of plaintiff, Larry A. Vetter, a route salesman, and Stanley Willis, a route supervisor, testified as to Bynum\u2019s expressing dissatisfaction sometime in late May 1979 as to short sleeve shirts that were delivered beginning about 15 May 1979. Bynum wanted new shirts, which plaintiff ordered, received, and had ready to deliver some two weeks thereafter. Vetter made the \u201cfinal pickup\u201d of uniforms from defendant on 23 July 1979.\nDefendant offered the testimony of Bynum that defendant had rented towels and uniforms from plaintiff since 1976 and that about October, 1978, Bynum \u201chad a conversation with one of the plaintiffs representatives concerning new uniforms.\u201d The representative told Bynum that he would have to sign a \u201crenewal agreement\u201d before he could receive new uniforms. Bynum admitted signing the paper writing offered by plaintiff but he testified that \u201cit had been changed since I signed it.\u201d He testified that \u201c[t]he renewal date has been struck out and our former contract number has been inserted in the renewal blank. Also, there is a date written in the blank for the installation date and it has been signed by Mr. Miller.\u201d Bynum did not see the paper writing \u201cas it now appears\u201d until plaintiff s representatives, including Miller, came to see Bynum about defendant\u2019s discontinuation of service. Though Bynum testified that he was \u201cnot surprised to see the installation date because I knew they could not install the uniforms on the same day that I ordered them,\u201d Bynum did not understand that the agreement was to run for thirty months from the installation date. Bynum was not aware that paragraph two of the document provided that the agreement was to continue for thirty months from the installation date since he \u201csigned the contract as a renewal.\u201d His interpretation of the paper writing was that the agreement was to be for twelve months. At the close of all the evidence, the court granted plaintiff\u2019s motion for a directed verdict on defendant\u2019s counterclaim and submitted the following issues to the jury, which were answered as indicated:\n(1) Did the parties intend to enter into a contract to become effective on the installation date of December 11, 1978, with the terms of the contract to be as set forth in Paragraph Two (2) of the contract?\nYes: X No_\n(2) Did the defendant, Bynum International, Inc. breach the contract?\nYes: X No_\nFrom a judgment entered on the verdict that plaintiff have and recover of defendant $3,276.44 as liquidated damages, and from a judgment directing a verdict for plaintiff on defendant\u2019s counterclaim, defendant appealed.\nH. Gerald Beaver, for the plaintiff appellee.\nBowen & Lytch, by Benjamin N. Thompson, for the defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0203-01",
  "first_page_order": 231,
  "last_page_order": 237
}