{
  "id": 8526162,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PAUL WILLOUGHBY, JR.",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Willoughby",
  "decision_date": "1982-09-07",
  "docket_number": "No. 8111SC931",
  "first_page": "746",
  "last_page": "748",
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      "type": "official",
      "cite": "58 N.C. App. 746"
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "67 Yale L.J. 590",
      "category": "journals:journal",
      "reporter": "Yale L.J.",
      "year": 1958,
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    {
      "cite": "55 Harv. L. Rev. 615",
      "category": "journals:journal",
      "reporter": "Harv. L. Rev.",
      "year": 1942,
      "opinion_index": 0
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    {
      "cite": "11 Wayne L. Rev. 367",
      "category": "journals:journal",
      "reporter": "Wayne L. Rev.",
      "year": 1965,
      "opinion_index": 0
    }
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:20:52.636886+00:00",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "/",
      "Judges Martin (Robert M.) and Wells concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PAUL WILLOUGHBY, JR."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WEBB, Judge.\nThe defendant\u2019s first assignment of error is to be court\u2019s failure to submit a charge of involuntary manslaughter to the jury in addition to the charge of second degree murder. The defendant contends that his own evidence shows he invited the deceased into the water and refused to help him when the defendant saw he was drowning. The defendant argues that under this evidence, he had a duty to help Mr. Denning and his failure to do so was culpable negligence which proximately caused Mr. Denning\u2019s death. This case presents the question of the criminal responsibility of a person who does not go to the aid of one he sees is in trouble. The parties in their briefs have cited no cases from this jurisdiction and we have found none dealing with the question posed in this case. It seems clear that under the common law the defendant would not be guilty of manslaughter for this omission to act. See Frankel, Criminal Omissions: A Legal Microcosm, 11 Wayne L. Rev. 367 (1965); Kirchheimer, Criminal Omissions, 55 Harv. L. Rev. 615 (1942); and Hughes, Criminal Omissions, 67 Yale L.J. 590 (1958). We do not believe we should extend the common law to cover manslaughter by omission in this case. The defendant\u2019s first assignment of error is overruled.\nIn his second assignment of error the defendant contends it was error for the court not to charge the jury on the defense of accident. We do not believe the court should have charged on accident. If Mr. Denning died as the result of an accidental drowning, it was an accident with which the defendant had nothing to do. The jury accepted the version of the incident in accordance with the State\u2019s evidence. This evidence showed the defendant committed murder. If the jury had accepted the defendant\u2019s version of the event, the jury should have found the defendant not guilty under the charge given to them by the court. It was not necessary for the court to charge on accident.\nNo error.\n/\nJudges Martin (Robert M.) and Wells concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WEBB, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General Richard L. Griffin, for the State.",
      "Appellate Defender Adam Stein, by Assistant Appellate Defenders Malcolm R. Hunter, Jr. and Lorinzo Joyner, for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PAUL WILLOUGHBY, JR.\nNo. 8111SC931\n(Filed 7 September 1982)\n1. Homicide \u00a7 27.2\u2014 failure to aid one in trouble \u2014 insufficient to justify charge of involuntary manslaughter\nThe trial court did not err in failing to submit a charge of involuntary manslaughter in addition to a charge of second degree murder where the defendant\u2019s own evidence showed he invited the deceased into the water and refused to help him when the defendant saw he was drowning since the common law does not extend criminal responsibility to a person who does not go to the aid of one he sees is in trouble.\n2. Homicide \u00a7 28.8\u2014 failure to charge on defense of accident \u2014 proper\nIn an action in which defendant was tried for the second degree murder of a man whom defendant was charged with drowning, the trial court did not err in failing to charge the jury on the defense of accident since if the victim died as a result of an accidental drowning, it was an accident with which the defendant had nothing to do.\nAppeal by defendant from Brannon, Judge. Judgment entered 24 October 1980 in Superior Court, JOHNSTON County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 9 February 1982.\nThe defendant was tried for the second degree murder of Joseph McCray Denning. The State\u2019s evidence showed that the defendant, Mr. Denning, Jimmy Seth Perry, and Chris Stanley were riding in the defendant\u2019s automobile on 12 June 1980. All of them were drinking whiskey. The defendant told Chris Stanley that he would kill Mr. Denning because Denning had shot one of his friends. They drove to a place called Taylor\u2019s Bridge on the Little River in Johnston County. The defendant went into the water and asked Mr. Denning to do so also. Mr. Stanley and Mr. Perry went to the automobile for each of them to have a drink of whiskey and when they returned to Taylor\u2019s Bridge, Mr. Denning was floating face up in the water and making a \u201cgrunting\u201d sound at which time the defendant said, \u201cIs the son of a bitch dead?\u201d Mr. Stanley said, \u201cHey, he\u2019s still breathing, you better go back out there and hit him again.\u201d The defendant then said, \u201cYou all walk on down back to the car, I don\u2019t want you all to see this.\u201d Mr. Perry and Mr. Stanley left the scene and returned approximately ten minutes later. Mr. Denning was floating face down. The defendant was coming out of the water at which time he said to Mr. Perry and Mr. Stanley, \u201cIs the son of a bitch dead? I told him I was going to kill him before the day was over.\u201d An autopsy showed Mr. Denning died by drowning.\nThe defendant testified that he went to Taylor\u2019s Bridge with the other three men. He said that he and Mr. Denning were swimming when he heard someone say, \u201cHey, what\u2019s the matter with McCray?\u201d He saw Mr. Denning floating face down and said, \u201cI don\u2019t know. Is he dead?\u201d The defendant testified further that he became frightened and left. He denied touching Denning or saying he would kill him. Two witnesses testified for the defendant that they saw Mr. Denning earlier on that day in a drunken condition \u201cfalling all over the place.\u201d They observed bruises on his face.\nDefendant was found guilty of second degree murder. He appealed from the imposition of a prison sentence.\nAttorney General Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General Richard L. Griffin, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Adam Stein, by Assistant Appellate Defenders Malcolm R. Hunter, Jr. and Lorinzo Joyner, for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0746-01",
  "first_page_order": 778,
  "last_page_order": 780
}