{
  "id": 8526929,
  "name": "LINDA BERGER v. MARTIN BERGER",
  "name_abbreviation": "Berger v. Berger",
  "decision_date": "1984-04-03",
  "docket_number": "Nos. 831DC212 and 831DC801",
  "first_page": "591",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges Webb and JOHNSON concur."
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    "parties": [
      "LINDA BERGER v. MARTIN BERGER"
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    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "VAUGHN, Chief Judge.\nI.\nThe first order from which defendant appeals is the 11 October order denying his Rule 12(b) motions to dismiss.\nWe first consider defendant\u2019s contention that the trial court erred in denying both his motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted and his motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. G.S. 1A-1, Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6). Generally, orders denying motions to dismiss are interlocutory and nonappealable, the reason being to prevent delay and expense from fragmentary appeals and to expedite the administration of justice. Shaver v. Construction Co., 54 N.C. App. 486, 283 S.E. 2d 526 (1981), later appeal, 63 N.C. App. 605, 306 S.E. 2d 519 (1983). Immediate appeal is generally allowed only from those orders affecting a substantial right and likely to result in injury to the appellant if not corrected before appeal from the final judgment. Love v. Moore, 305 N.C. 575, 291 S.E. 2d 141, rehearing denied, 306 N.C. 393 (1982); see G.S. 1-277; G.S. 7A-27. Any error in the order not affecting a substantial right is correctable upon appeal from the final judgment. Id.\nThe trial court order denying defendant\u2019s Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim was clearly interlocutory and not immediately appealable. O\u2019Neill v. Bank, 40 N.C. App. 227, 252 S.E. 2d 231 (1979). The Supreme Court, furthermore, has recently clarified any doubt regarding the appealability of orders denying 12(b)(1) motions to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Pursuant to Teachy v. Coble Dairies, Inc., 306 N.C. 324, 293 S.E. 2d 182 (1982), the denial of defendant\u2019s 12(b)(1) motion was also interlocutory and not immediately appealable. Defendant\u2019s appeal on these two grounds is, therefore, dismissed.\nWe next consider defendant\u2019s right to appeal from the denial of his motion to dismiss on grounds of lack of personal jurisdiction. Defendant asserts that he is vested with an immediate right to appeal pursuant to G.S. l-277(b). While G.S. l-277(b) appears to authorize such right, it is our duty on appeal to examine the underlying nature of defendant\u2019s motion: If defendant\u2019s motion raises a due process question of whether his contacts within the forum state were sufficient to justify the court\u2019s jurisdictional power over him, then the order denying such motion is immediately appealable under G.S. l-277(b). If, on the other hand, defendant\u2019s motion, though couched in terms of lack of jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(2), actually raises a question of sufficiency of service or process, then the order denying such motion is interlocutory and does not fall within the ambit of G.S. l-277(b). Love v. Moore, supra; see Kaplan School Supply v. Henry Wurst, Inc., 56 N.C. App. 567, 289 S.E. 2d 607, review denied, 306 N.C. 385, 294 S.E. 2d 209 (1982).\nThe basis for defendant\u2019s appeal here concerns plaintiffs failure to strictly comply with Rule 3 of the Rules of Civil Procedure in commencing action by the issuance of a summons. Under Rule 3, a civil action may be commenced by the issuance of a summons when a person makes application to the court and requests permission to file a complaint within twenty days. Plaintiff in this case requested permission to file her complaint \u201cin due time.\u201d Later, pursuant to plaintiffs motion, the trial court amended the order for the summons so that it complied with the twenty-day time limit under Rule 3. See Rule 4(i) (authorizing the court to amend process or proof of service). The actual filing date of plaintiffs complaint, which occurred three days after the summons was issued, was well within the statutory time limit. After reviewing the facts in the instant case, we conclude that the substance of defendant\u2019s appeal concerns a question of process under Rule 12(b)(4), not a question of jurisdiction, contemplated by appeals brought under Rule 12(b)(2). Defendant\u2019s appeal, therefore, is not authorized by G.S. l-277(b) and is premature.\nThough not denominated such, defendant, in a final, separate argument again raises a question of in personam jurisdiction. Defendant asserts that the trial court lacked jurisdiction since neither party was a resident of North Carolina. Residency notwithstanding, defendant\u2019s contention lacks merit, since the trial court had clear grounds for jurisdiction under our \u201clong-arm\u201d statute, G.S. 1-75.4. Pursuant to G.S. l-75.4(l)(a), defendant was a natural person present within North Carolina when he was served with process on 23 August 1982. Defendant, who lived and worked in Dare County from 1977 until 1982 when this action was instituted, and who, by claiming to be a North Carolina resident, caused a similar suit previously filed by plaintiff in a Virginia court to be dismissed based on a lack of jurisdiction, does not even raise for our consideration the question of minimum contacts contemplated by appeals brought pursuant to G.S. l-277(b).\nDefendant\u2019s first appeal from an interlocutory order must be and is dismissed.\nII.\nWe next consider defendant\u2019s appeal from the 1 December order, in which the trial court, after considering evidence and testimony from both parties, awarded plaintiff alimony and counsel fees pendente lite and child support.\nDefendant, citing the general rule that an appeal removes the case from the jurisdiction of the trial court, contends that the trial court erred in proceeding to hear plaintiffs claim on the merits, since the previous order denying defendant\u2019s motions to dismiss was on appeal. See Utilities Comm. v. Edmisten, Attorney General, 291 N.C. 361, 230 S.E. 2d 671 (1976). The general rule, however, is subject to the exception, applicable to the case at bar, that an appeal from an interlocutory order not affecting a substantial right is a nullity and does not divest the trial court of jurisdiction. Id. The trial court was correct, therefore, in proceeding in the action and rendering judgment on the merits.\nDefendant also contends that the award of a total of $6,000 per month in alimony pendente lite and child support was not based upon proper findings of fact and contrary to the evidence. In recognition of the rule espoused by this court in Stephenson v. Stephenson, 55 N.C. App. 250, 285 S.E. 2d 281 (1981), overruling Peeler v. Peeler, 7 N.C. App. 456, 172 S.E. 2d 915 (1970), we dismiss defendant\u2019s appeal as being premature.\nIn Stephenson, this court recognized that appeals from pendente lite awards are often \u201cpursued for the purpose of delay rather than to accelerate determination of the parties\u2019 rights,\u201d and, in the interests of fairness and public policy, we held that awards pendente lite are interlocutory decrees not affecting a substantial right and not warranting an immediate right of appeal. Id. at 251-52; 285 S.E. 2d at 282. The Stephenson case had become precedent in a host of recent decisions dismissing appeals from pendente lite awards. In Fliehr v. Fliehr, 56 N.C. App. 465, 289 S.E. 2d 105 (1982), we expanded the Stephenson rule to prohibit an appeal from an order for child support, not designated pendente lite, but entered in conjunction with an order for alimony pendente lite. In Dixon v. Dixon, 62 N.C. App. 744, 303 S.E. 2d 606 (1983), wherein plaintiff had brought suit for divorce and equitable distribution, we held that defendant had no right to appeal a mandatory injunction ordering her to return property to plaintiffs residence pending final disposition of plaintiffs action for divorce and equitable distribution. See also Smart v. Smart, 59 N.C. App. 533, 297 S.E. 2d 135 (1982); Rokes v. Rokes, 55 N.C. App. 397, 285 S.E. 2d 306 (1982) (citing Stephenson, supra).\nThe policy guiding the panel in Stephenson, to avoid unnecessary delay and to accelerate a just determination of the parties\u2019 rights, is especially pertinent in this case, where plaintiffs initial suit in a Virginia court was dismissed on defendant\u2019s motion for lack of jurisdiction, defendant contending to be a North Carolina resident. Plaintiff then commenced the present suit by serving defendant with a summons pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 3 because, plaintiff alleged, defendant was \u201cin the process of removing property and assets from the State of North Carolina in an attempt to evade process and secrete himself in another state or country.\u201d\nPursuant to Stephenson, Fliehr, and other recent authority, defendant\u2019s second appeal from a pendente lite award is interlocutory and is therefore dismissed.\nIII.\nDefendant\u2019s third and final appeal concerns the order finding him in contempt for failure to pay the previous award of alimony and counsel fees pendente lite and child support.\nWe note at the outset a dispute as to when the order of contempt was entered. Since entry of the judgment is a critical moment in determining the timeliness of defendant\u2019s appeal, we will treat plaintiff as having made a motion to dismiss and rule accordingly on such motion. See Rules 25 and 37, Rules of Appellate Procedure.\nOrdinarily, an appellant has thirty days from the time appeal is taken to file and serve upon all other parties a proposed record. Rule 11(b), Rules of Appellate Procedure. In this case, pursuant to defendant\u2019s motion, the trial court granted defendant sixty days in which to file the proposed record. The parties here agree that defendant served the proposed record on 10 May 1983. Plaintiff contends, however, that the contempt order was entered on 14 February and that defendant\u2019s appeal is therefore subject to dismissal, the record having been served more than sixty days after entry of the judgment. See Rule 25, Rules of Appellate Procedure. Defendant contends that the contempt order was not entered until 5 April and that having served the record in due time, he is entitled to appellate review. For reasons set forth below, we conclude that the critical date of entry was 14 March, and we therefore deny plaintiffs motion to dismiss the appeal.\nA review of the record shows that, on 14 February, the court found defendant in contempt and asked plaintiffs attorney to prepare the formal written order. The clerk\u2019s notation in the record reflects a judgment purportedly entered on 14 February. Ordinarily, the clerk\u2019s notation in the record marks the date from which the time for notice of appeal runs. Kahan v. Longiotti, 45 N.C. App. 367, 263 S.E. 2d 345, review denied, 300 N.C. 374, 267 S.E. 2d 675 (1980), overruled on other grounds, Love v. Moore, supra. An exception to this rule occurs, however, when, as here, the trial judge instructs one of the attorneys to prepare the final order, thus indicating a later date for final entry of the judgment. Id.; see also Stanback v. Stanback, 287 N.C. 448, 215 S.E. 2d 30 (1975). Another exception to the rule regarding date of entry occurs when, as did defendant in this case, a party makes a motion to alter or amend the judgment. Rule 3(c), Rules of Appellate Procedure. Since both exceptions apply to the case at bar, the time for serving the proposed record was extended.\nA motion to alter or amend the judgment tolls the running of time for filing and serving notice of appeal until the motion is decided. Rule 3(c), Rules of Appellate Procedure. A hearing on defendant\u2019s motion in this case was held on 14 March. The record reflects that a final judgment was entered on 14 March, finding defendant in contempt. It appears from the record that the 14 February order of contempt was merged into this final order. Although the order was not signed by the trial judge until 30 March and not filed until 5 April, the critical moment of entry occurred on 14 March, as noted in the record. G.S. 1A-1, Rule 58; Rule 3(c), Rules of Appellate Procedure. We conclude, therefore, that the record was timely served. Since a contempt order affects a substantial right, defendant\u2019s third appeal warrants our immediate consideration. See Clark v. Clark, 294 N.C. 554, 243 S.E. 2d 129 (1978).\nThe first issue raised by defendant concerns the effect of a bond posted pursuant to G.S. 1-289 in order to stay execution of the order awarding plaintiff alimony and counsel fees pendente lite and child support. G.S. 1-289 authorizes an appellant to stay execution of a money judgment by assuring payment of any amount due upon appeal from said judgment. Our courts have construed orders for the payment of alimony, alimony pendente lite, child support, and counsel fees to be money judgments under G.S. 1-289. Quick v. Quick, 305 N.C. 446, 290 S.E. 2d 653 (1982); Joyner v. Joyner, 256 N.C. 588, 124 S.E. 2d 724 (1962); Faught v. Faught, 50 N.C. App. 635, 274 S.E. 2d 883 (1981). Defendant contends that the trial court erred in holding him in contempt since he had posted a bond for the amount due plaintiff.\nIf we hold, however, as defendant urges, that posting a bond under G.S. 1-289 effectively stayed execution of the judgment, then we will have granted defendant the right to stay execution of a nonappealable pendente lite award. (See discussion, supra, part II). This result would contravene the policy underlying Stephenson and its progeny wherein this court recognized the need to forestall appeals brought for purposes of delay. See Stephenson, supra; Fliehr, supra. We conclude, therefore, that while execution of a final judgment may be stayed pursuant to G.S. 1-289, execution of an interlocutory order like the one here is not subject to the stay provisions of G.S. 1-289.\nThe contempt proceeding here was governed by G.S. 5A-21, which provides in pertinent part: \u201cFailure to comply with an order of a court is a continuing civil contempt as long as . . . [the defendant] is able to comply with the order or is able to take reasonable measures that would enable him to comply with the order.\u201d To hold defendant in contempt, the trial court must find as a fact that defendant had the ability to comply with the award. Frank v. Glanville, 45 N.C. App. 313, 262 S.E. 2d 677 (1980).\nThe trial court order included the following factual findings:\n9. The Defendant\u2019s financial affidavits and federal income tax returns for 1980 and 1981 filed in the record on this action state that the Defendant has a net worth in the amount of two million dollars and receives substantial annual income . . .\n10. According to the Defendant\u2019s 1980 federal income tax return, he reported income of approximately $196,667.71 and according to the Defendant\u2019s 1981 federal income tax return, he reported income of approximately $163,878.43.\n11. The Defendant has had the means with which to comply with the terms of the order of December 16, 1982 at all times since the entry of the said order through and including the date of this hearing, February 14, 1983.\n12. The Defendant has shown no extraordinary financial expenditure or other circumstance affecting his net worth since the date of the Court\u2019s prior order other than the payments of support as described in this order.\n13. The Defendant\u2019s failure to make payment as set forth above has been willful, and without legal justification or excuse.\nAs evidenced by these trial court findings, defendant had the financial ability to comply with the previous order. The trial court\u2019s findings of fact in a contempt proceeding are conclusive on appeal when supported by any competent evidence and are reviewable only for the purpose of passing on their sufficiency to warrant the judgment. Clark v. Clark, supra. The record in this case reveals ample evidence to support the court\u2019s factual findings. The court was, furthermore, vested with authority under G.S. 5A-21(a) and (b) to hold defendant in contempt and order that he be imprisoned for so long as the contempt continued. We therefore affirm the order in its entirety.\nDefendant\u2019s first appeal is dismissed.\nDefendant\u2019s second appeal is dismissed.\nThe order of contempt, which forms the basis of defendant\u2019s third appeal, is affirmed.\nJudges Webb and JOHNSON concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "VAUGHN, Chief Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "LeRoy, Wells, Shaw, Hornthal & Riley, by Terrence W. Boyle, for plaintiff appellee.",
      "Battle, Winslow, Scott & Wiley, by Jasper L. Cummings, Jr., for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "LINDA BERGER v. MARTIN BERGER\nNos. 831DC212 and 831DC801\n(Filed 3 April 1984)\n1. Appeal and Error g 6.6\u2014 denial of motion to dismiss \u2014 no immediate appeal\nAn order denying defendant\u2019s G.S. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim was interlocutory and not immediately appealable.\n2. Appeal and Error 8 6.3\u2014 lack of subject matter jurisdiction \u2014 denial of motion to dismiss \u2014 no immediate appeal\nAn order denying a G.S. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is interlocutory and not immediately appealable.\n3. Appeal and Error \u00a7 6.3\u2014 lack of personal jurisdiction \u2014 denial of motion to dismiss \u2014 no immediate appeal\nDefendant\u2019s motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction based on plaintiffs failure to comply strictly with G.S. 1A-1, Rule 3 in commencing an action by issuance of a summons actually raised a question of sufficiency of service of process rather than of due process, and the order denying such motion was thus not immediately appealable under G.S. l-277(b). G.S. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(4).\n4. Process \u00a7 8\u2014 personal jurisdiction \u2014 service on defendant in this State\nThe trial court had personal jurisdiction over defendant under our \u201clong-arm statute,\u201d G.S. l-75.4(l)(a), in an action for alimony, child support and equitable distribution, where defendant was a natural person present within North Carolina when he was served with process, defendant had lived and worked in this State for five years when this action was instituted, and defendant had caused a similar suit previously filed by plaintiff in Virginia to be dismissed by claiming to be a North Carolina resident.\n5. Appeal and Error 8 16\u2014 appeal from interlocutory order \u2014 trial court not divested of jurisdiction\nDefendant\u2019s appeal from an order denying his motions to dismiss for failure to state a claim and for lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction was interlocutory and a nullity and did not divest the trial court of jurisdiction to enter an award of child support, alimony and counsel fees pendente lite.\n6. Appeal and Error \u00a7 6.2\u2014 order of child support and alimony pendente lite \u2014 no immediate appeal\nAn order awarding child support and alimony pendente lite does not affect a substantial right and is not immediately appealable.\n7. Appeal and Error \u00a7 36.1\u2014 time of entry of order \u2014 timeliness of service of record on appeal\nA contempt order was filed on 14 March rather than on 14 February, and the time for serving the record on appeal began to run on 14 March, where the evidence showed that the court found defendant in contempt on 14 February and asked plaintiffs attorney to prepare the formal written order; the clerk\u2019s notation in the record reflects a judgment purportedly entered on 14 February; defendant made a motion pursuant to App. Rule 3(c) to alter or amend the judgment; and a hearing on defendant\u2019s motion was held on 14 March and a final judgment finding defendant in contempt was entered on that date. G.S. 1A-1, Rule 58.\n8. Appeal and Error \u00a7 17\u2014 stay bond \u2014 inapplicability to interlocutory order\nWhile execution of a final judgment may be stayed by posting a bond pursuant to G.S. 1-289, execution of an interlocutory order awarding child support, alimony and counsel fees pendente lite is not subject to the stay provisions of G.S. 1-289.\n9. Divorce and Alimony \u00a7 21.5\u2014 failure to comply with pendente lite orders \u2014 punishment for contempt\nThe evidence and findings supported the trial court\u2019s order finding defendant in contempt for failure to pay child support, alimony and counsel fees pendente lite as ordered by the court. G.S. 5A-21.\nAPPEALS by defendant from Parker and Chaffin, Judges. Judgments entered 11 October and 1 December 1982 and 14 March 1983 in District Court, Dare County. Consolidated and heard in the Court of Appeals 6 February 1984.\nThese consolidated cases stem from an action instituted on 23 August 1982, by plaintiff, wife, for equitable distribution, permanent and temporary alimony, child support, counsel fees, and possession of the parties\u2019 marital home. Prior to this action, an action for divorce filed by plaintiff on 12 August 1982 was pending in Virginia.\nThe facts adduced at trial showed that the parties were married in New York and lived there until January 1977, when they moved to Dare County, North Carolina. They bought a home in Dare County, which they still owned at the time of trial. Defendant owned and operated a real estate company and actively pursued the Dare County real estate market. Some time in 1978 the parties set up another residence in Virginia. Plaintiff resided in Virginia with the parties\u2019 three minor children during the school year. Defendant resided primarily in North Carolina, with plaintiff and the children spending summers and weekends in North Carolina. Some time in July or August, 1982, defendant told plaintiff that he was moving and gave her a post office box number and a telephone number in West Virginia where he could be reached. Plaintiff immediately went to the parties\u2019 house in Dare County, and found that the furniture and defendant\u2019s personal property were still in the house, it appearing that defendant had not moved.\nOn 23 August, therefore, plaintiff instituted action in North Carolina by making application for the issuance of a summons pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 3. Plaintiff alleged in her application that defendant was in the process of removing property and assets from the State of North Carolina in an attempt to evade process and secrete himself in another state or country. Defendant was personally served with said summons in Dare County. Three days later, on 26 August, plaintiff filed the complaint forming the basis of defendant\u2019s appeals hereunder. Defendant was served with said complaint by personal service on 3 September 1982, and by registered mail on 13 September 1982. Plaintiffs action and defendant\u2019s motions pursuant thereto gave rise to three separate orders forming the basis of defendant\u2019s three appeals, which we consider chronologically from the date each order was entered.\nDefendant\u2019s First Appeal\nOn 10 September 1982, defendant moved to dismiss plaintiffs complaint pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rules 12(b)(1) through 12(b)(6), Rule 41(b). The trial court denied defendant\u2019s motions, concluding in pertinent part that the court had both subject matter and personal jurisdiction over defendant, process and service having been sufficient, and that the complaint stated facts upon which relief could be granted. The denial of defendant\u2019s motions forms the basis of the first appeal.\nDEFENDANT\u2019S SECOND APPEAL\nOn 8 November 1982, pursuant to plaintiffs motion to calendar the action, the trial court concluded, in essence, that its order denying defendant\u2019s motions was interlocutory and nonappealable and that, therefore, it retained jurisdiction over plaintiffs cause of action. Defendant thereafter filed an answer and counterclaim. After a hearing on 29 November, in which both parties personally appeared, the trial court ordered defendant to pay $1,800 per month in alimony pendente lite, $4,200 per month in child support and $6,792.26 in counsel fees pendente lite. The court noted in its decree that it would retain jurisdiction over the parties for the entry of further orders consistent with its decree and enforcement thereof. This order forms the basis of defendant\u2019s second appeal.\nDefendant\u2019s Third Appeal\nOn 9 and on 18 January, plaintiff filed motions to show cause why defendant should not be held in contempt for failure to pay alimony and counsel fees pendente lite and child support. Almost simultaneously therewith, on 14 January, defendant filed a bond to stay execution of the trial court order pending appeal.\nAfter a hearing on 14 February, defendant was found in contempt and ordered imprisoned until payment of the total ar-rearage due plus an additional $2,500 in counsel fees, for a sum total of $19,222.26. The court appointed a receiver to inventory and report to the court the nature and extent of defendant\u2019s real and personal property having a situs in Dare County. This order forms the basis of defendant\u2019s third and final appeal.\nLeRoy, Wells, Shaw, Hornthal & Riley, by Terrence W. Boyle, for plaintiff appellee.\nBattle, Winslow, Scott & Wiley, by Jasper L. Cummings, Jr., for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0591-01",
  "first_page_order": 623,
  "last_page_order": 633
}
