{ "id": 8525703, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES AVERY BILL HARRIS", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Harris", "decision_date": "1984-03-06", "docket_number": "No. 8326SC704", "first_page": "97", "last_page": "103", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "67 N.C. App. 97" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "18 U.S.C. \u00a7 5010", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "(d)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "530 F. 2d 602", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 621441 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/530/0602-01" ] }, { "cite": "150 S.E. 2d 416", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "268 N.C. 298", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561574 ], "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/268/0298-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 S.E. 2d 887", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1945, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "225 N.C. 608", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8614932 ], "year": 1945, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/225/0608-01" ] }, { "cite": "197 S.E. 2d 513", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "283 N.C. 617", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559688 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/283/0617-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 S.E. 2d 705", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "707" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "282 N.C. 566", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567055 ], "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "569-70" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/282/0566-01" ] }, { "cite": "47 L.Ed. 2d 101", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 S.Ct. 884", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "423 U.S. 1090", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6513088, 6513218, 6513410, 6512998, 6513703, 6513515, 6513616, 6513975, 6513176, 6514076, 6513307, 6514268 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/423/1090-02", "/us/423/1090-04", "/us/423/1090-06", "/us/423/1090-01", "/us/423/1090-09", "/us/423/1090-07", "/us/423/1090-08", "/us/423/1090-10", "/us/423/1090-03", "/us/423/1090-11", "/us/423/1090-05", "/us/423/1090-12" ] }, { "cite": "521 F. 2d 1109", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 616210 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1112-13" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/521/1109-01" ] }, { "cite": "295 S.E. 2d 485", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 749", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8574662, 8574633, 8574706, 8574619, 8574687 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0749-03", "/nc/306/0749-02", "/nc/306/0749-05", "/nc/306/0749-01", "/nc/306/0749-04" ] }, { "cite": "293 S.E. 2d 226", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "58 N.C. App. 43", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523093 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/58/0043-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 S.E. 2d 374", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 391", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570055 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0391-01" ] }, { "cite": "283 S.E. 2d 812", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 N.C. App. 366", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522553 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/54/0366-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 S.E. 2d 164", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "173" }, { "page": "173" }, { "page": "173" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "308 N.C. 272", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4707923 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/308/0272-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "72 L.Ed. 2d 464", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 S.Ct. 2005", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "456 U.S. 942", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6302306, 6302023, 6301514, 6301816, 6301245, 6302559 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/456/0942-05", "/us/456/0942-04", "/us/456/0942-02", "/us/456/0942-03", "/us/456/0942-01", "/us/456/0942-06" ] }, { "cite": "72 L.Ed. 2d 447", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "102 S.Ct. 1980", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "456 U.S. 930", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6271104, 6270592, 6271427, 6270216, 6269864, 6268428, 6271762, 6268691, 6270871, 6269276, 6269598, 6268959 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/456/0930-10", "/us/456/0930-08", "/us/456/0930-11", "/us/456/0930-07", "/us/456/0930-06", "/us/456/0930-01", "/us/456/0930-12", "/us/456/0930-02", "/us/456/0930-09", "/us/456/0930-04", "/us/456/0930-05", "/us/456/0930-03" ] }, { "cite": "433 A. 2d 646", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "case_ids": [ 7998889 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/a2d/433/0646-01" ] }, { "cite": "446 U.S. 291", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6182222 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "301" }, { "page": "1689-90" }, { "page": "308" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/446/0291-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 710, "char_count": 15020, "ocr_confidence": 0.789, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.4530181294013203e-07, "percentile": 0.6554393711756941 }, "sha256": "82f9849aabd9a4c1ed651f6ca4c36c6035ff54424eac07bbc3c31e95a42d7d63", "simhash": "1:4edfac3a2ceb1ce7", "word_count": 2517 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:10:21.361774+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Chief Judge Vaughn and Judge Whichard concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES AVERY BILL HARRIS" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "WEBB, Judge.\nDefendant assigns as error the admission into evidence of his post-arrest statement that his address was 624-D Billingsly Road. This evidence was admitted over objection and after a voir dire hearing. The trial court ruled that the question put to the defendant as to his address \u201cwas a routine preliminary question and did not constitute interrogation.\u201d Defendant contends the question did constitute interrogation and that since it was asked before defendant was advised of his constitutional rights, it was inadmissible. The State concedes that Officer Parker asked defendant his name, age, and address so that he could fill out an Adult Waiver of Rights form for defendant and that at the time defendant was asked for this information, he was in police custody and had not yet been advised of his constitutional rights. However, the State argues that these questions were routine questions normally attendant to arrest and custody and did not constitute interrogation. We agree.\nIn Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 301, 100 S.Ct. 1682, 1689-90, 64 L.Ed. 2d 297, 308 (1980), on remand sub nom., State v. Innis, 433 A. 2d 646 (R.I. 1981), cert. denied sub nom., Innis v. Rhode Island, 456 U.S. 930, 102 S.Ct. 1980, 72 L.Ed. 2d 447, amended, 456 U.S. 942, 102 S.Ct. 2005, 72 L.Ed. 2d 464 (1982), the United States Supreme Court defined \u201cinterrogation\u201d as follows:\n\u201c[T]he term \u2018interrogation\u2019 under Miranda [Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed. 2d 694 (1966)] refers not only to express questioning, but also to any words or actions on the part of the police (other than those normally attendant to arrest and custody) that the police should know are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect.\u201d\nThus, the Supreme Court indicated that routine questioning attendant to arrest and custody does not constitute interrogation.\nNorth Carolina courts have indicated their agreement with Innis by holding that certain preliminary, routine questions asked of a suspect are not proscribed by Miranda v. Arizona, supra. See State v. Ladd, 308 N.C. 272, 302 S.E. 2d 164 (1983); State v. Young, 54 N.C. App. 366, 283 S.E. 2d 812 (1981), aff\u2019d, 305 N.C. 391, 289 S.E. 2d 374 (1982); and State v. Sellers, 58 N.C. App. 43, 293 S.E. 2d 226, appeal dismissed, 306 N.C. 749, 295 S.E. 2d 485 (1982). Most recently, in State v. Ladd, supra, our Supreme Court held \u201cthat interrogation does not encompass routine informational questions posited to a defendant during the booking process.\u201d Id. at 286, 302 S.E. 2d at 173. The Court quoted with approval the following explanation for such a holding:\n\u201c \u2018Despite the breadth of the language used in Miranda, the Supreme Court was concerned with protecting the suspect against interrogation of an investigative nature rather than the obtaining of basic identifying data required for booking and arraignment.\u2019 \u201d\nState v. Ladd, supra at 286, 302 S.E. 2d at 173, quoting United States ex rel Hines v. LaVallee, 521 F. 2d 1109, 1112-13 (2d Cir. 1975), cert. denied sub nom., Hines v. Bombard, 423 U.S. 1090, 96 S.Ct. 884, 47 L.Ed. 2d 101 (1976). However, our Supreme Court limited its holding to routine informational questions that are not \u201creasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response\u201d from the suspect. State v. Ladd, supra, at 287, 302 S.E. 2d at 173.\nWe hold the trial court correctly concluded that the question asked in the present case as to the defendant\u2019s address was a routine preliminary question that did not constitute interrogation as that term has been defined by both the United States and the North Carolina Supreme Courts. This question was asked solely for the purpose of obtaining basic identifying information so that Officer Parker could fill out the Adult Waiver of Rights form for defendant. The question was not asked so as to elicit an incriminating response, nor was it a question reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response in this particular case. There is nothing in the record that shows that Officer Parker received any information connecting the robbery of the laundromat with the address given by defendant. Officer Parker testified that at one point in his investigation he had information that the robber lived at 634-D Marvin Road but that this information turned out to be incorrect. We hold defendant\u2019s statement as to his address was admissible.\nNext, defendant argues the trial court erred in failing to instruct on the lesser included offense of common law robbery. In State v. Lee, 282 N.C. 566, 569-70, 193 S.E. 2d 705, 707 (1973), the Court stated:\n\u201cThe essential difference between armed robbery and common law robbery is that the former is accomplished by the use or threatened use of a firearm or other dangerous weapon whereby the life of a person is endangered or threatened. ... In a prosecution for armed robbery the court is not required to submit the lesser included offense of common law robbery unless there is evidence of defendant\u2019s guilt of that crime. If the State\u2019s evidence shows an armed robbery as charged in the indictment and there is no conflicting evidence relating to the elements of the crime charged an instruction on common law robbery is not required. (Citations omitted.)\u201d\nThe State\u2019s evidence in the instant case shows defendant perpetrated the robbery with the threatened use of a shotgun. There was no conflicting evidence with respect to the elements of the crime charged; therefore, this argument is without merit.\nDefendant assigns as error the court\u2019s refusal to give the special instructions tendered by him that made clear the nature of the element of actual danger or threat to the victim. The uncontradicted testimony of Mrs. Hodson shows that defendant was armed with a shotgun contained in a four-foot tube about two inches in diameter, that Mrs. Hodson saw the barrel of the shotgun inside the tube when defendant pointed it at her, and saw the stock of the gun protruding from the other end of the tube.\nMrs. Hodson testified that defendant pointed the shotgun directly at her when he demanded that she give him the money from the cash box and again when he discovered there was no money in the Coke machine. On the second occasion when defendant pointed the shotgun directly at her, she begged, \u201cPlease don\u2019t shoot me.\u201d At all other times during the robbery, defendant had the shotgun pointed in Mrs. Hodson\u2019s direction. Given such evidence, we do not believe the special instructions requested by defendant were warranted. We hold the court in its charge to the jury adequately explained this element of the offense.\nDefendant next assigns as error the court\u2019s failure to instruct the jury on alibi. In State v. Hunt, 283 N.C. 617, 197 S.E. 2d 513 (1973), our Supreme Court held that the trial court is not required to give instructions on the legal effect of alibi evidence unless the defendant makes a special request that such instructions be given. G.S. 1-181 provides that requests for special instructions to the jury must be in writing, entitled in the cause, and signed by the counsel submitting them.\nIn the present case, defendant\u2019s request that the court instruct on alibi was made orally, rather than in writing. Where a requested instruction is not submitted in writing and signed pursuant to G.S. 1-181 it is within the discretion of the court to give or refuse such instruction. See State v. Spencer, 225 N.C. 608, 35 S.E. 2d 887 (1945); State v. Broome, 268 N.C. 298, 150 S.E. 2d 416 (1966). We find no abuse of discretion in the court\u2019s refusal to give the requested instruction.\nLastly, defendant argues the trial court erred by categorically rejecting youthful offender commitments for all persons convicted of robbery with a dangerous weapon. Defendant\u2019s counsel requested that the court sentence defendant as a committed youthful offender pursuant to G.S. 148-49.14. The court refused such request stating, \u201cI don\u2019t sentence armed robbers as committed youthful offenders.\u201d Defendant argues this statement reflected the court\u2019s policy of refusing to consider the possibility of youthful offender status for those convicted of armed robbery and thus demonstrated its abuse of discretion by its failure to exercise discretion.\nDefendant relies on the case of United States v. Ingram, 530 F. 2d 602 (4th Cir. 1976) in which the Fourth Circuit held the trial judge had abused his discretion by refusing to consider armed robbers for treatment under the Federal Youth Corrections Act (hereinafter F.Y.C.A.), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 5010(d). In Ingram, the trial judge stated that he had never considered armed robbers for treatment under F.Y.C.A. and never intended to because he did not believe such persons would benefit from the program. We are not bound by this decision, nor do we find it dispositive of the present case.\nG.S. 148-49.14 provides in part:\n\u201cAs an alternative to a sentence of imprisonment as is otherwise provided by law, when a person under 21 years of age is convicted of an offense punishable by imprisonment . . . the court may sentence such person to the custody of the Secretary of Correction for treatment and supervision as a committed youthful offender. ... If the court shall find that a person under 21 years of age should not obtain the benefit of release under G.S. 148-49.15, it shall make such \u2018no benefit\u2019 finding on the record.\u201d\nThis statute does not say how a judge should exercise his discretion or what factors he must consider when imposing a sentence. We do not believe we can hold that because a judge has a policy of not sentencing those convicted of armed robbery as committed youthful offenders that he has committed error under the statute.\nNo error.\nChief Judge Vaughn and Judge Whichard concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "WEBB, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Edmisten, by Associate Attorney Edmond W. Caldwell, Jr., for the State.", "Appellate Defender Adam Stein and the Appellate Defender Clinic of the University of North Carolina School of Law, by James R. Glover, for defendant appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JAMES AVERY BILL HARRIS\nNo. 8326SC704\n(Filed 6 March 1984)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7 75.7\u2014 question as to defendant\u2019s address \u2014 no custodial interrogation\nAn officer\u2019s question as to defendant\u2019s address, asked solely to obtain information so that the officer could fill out a waiver of rights form for defendant, did not constitute interrogation within the meaning of the Miranda decision, and defendant\u2019s statement of his address was properly admitted into evidence even though defendant had not been given the Miranda warnings prior to making the statement.\n2. Robbery \u00a7 5.4\u2014 armed robbery \u2014 failure to instruct on common law robbery\nThe trial court in an armed robbery case did not err in failing to instruct on the lesser included offense of common law robbery where the evidence showed that defendant perpetrated the robbery with the threatened use of a shotgun, and there was no conflicting evidence with respect to the elements of the crime charged.\n3. Robbery 8 5.2\u2014 armed robbery \u2014 actual danger or threat to victim \u2014 sufficiency of instructions\nThe trial court\u2019s instructions in an armed robbery case adequately explained the element of actual danger or threat to the victim, and the court did not err in refusing to give special instructions tendered by defendant to make clear this element of the crime, where the evidence showed that defendant was armed with a shotgun contained in a four-foot tube; the victim saw the barrel of the shotgun inside the tube when defendant pointed it at her and saw the stock of the gun protruding from the other end of the tube; and on one occasion when defendant pointed the shotgun directly at the victim, she begged, \u201cPlease don\u2019t shoot me.\u201d\n4. Criminal Law \u00a7 119\u2014 oral request for instructions \u2014 no abuse of discretion in failure to give\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to give defendant\u2019s requested instruction on alibi where the requested instruction was not submitted in writing and signed as required by G.S. 1-181.\n5. Criminal Law \u00a7 134.4\u2014 policy of not sentencing armed robbers as youthful offenders\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion under G.S. 148-49.14 in refusing to consider the possibility of youthful offender status for defendant because he had been convicted of armed robbery.\nAppeal by defendant from Snepp, Judge. Judgment entered 10 March 1983 in Superior Court, Mecklenburg County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 18 January 1984.\nDefendant was tried for robbery with a dangerous weapon. The evidence showed that on 9 December 1982 the Action Clean laundromat in Charlotte, North Carolina was opened for the day\u2019s business just prior to 7:00 a.m. by its manager, Vonnie Hodson. Shortly thereafter, defendant, wearing blue jeans and a green Army jacket, entered the store carrying a tube that was about four feet long and two inches in diameter. Defendant asked Mrs. Hodson for change for a dollar. As Mrs. Hodson bent down under the counter to unlock the cash box, the defendant pointed the tube at her and said, \u201cJust give it all to me.\u201d Mrs. Hodson could see the barrel of a shotgun inside the tube and the stock of the gun at the other end of the tube. Defendant took the money from the cash box and told Mrs. Hodson to open the Coke machine which she did. Defendant complained that there was no money in the Coke machine and pointed the tube at Mrs. Hodson again who begged, \u201cPlease don\u2019t shoot me.\u201d Defendant told Mrs. Hodson to back out of his way and then he left the store.\nOn 18 December 1982 a young boy who had been in the store immediately prior to the robbery came into Action Clean and told Mrs. Hodson that he had just seen the man who committed the robbery going into the nearby Reveo store. Mrs. Hodson contacted a security guard and went with him to the Reveo store whereupon she identified the defendant as the man who committed the robbery. Mrs. Hodson also identified the defendant at trial as the man who robbed her.\nAt trial, defendant\u2019s mother, Mrs. Willa Mae Harris, testified that the defendant lived at 2848 Willow Street in Charlotte with her and the rest of her family. This address is located about 13 miles from the Action Clean store. She said that on the night before the robbery defendant worked at a temporary job until midnight and that the next day he stayed home in bed until 3:00 p.m. She said defendant did not own a green Army jacket.\nPolice Officer C. H. Parker, who questioned the defendant subsequent to his arrest, testified that in the course of his questioning he asked the defendant for his address. Defendant said his address was 624-D Billingsly Road. Defendant\u2019s girl friend lived at this same address which was located near the Action Clean store. Officer Parker then advised defendant of his constitutional rights and asked him about the robbery. Defendant denied knowing anything about the crime.\nThe jury returned a verdict of guilty and defendant was sentenced to the statutory minimum term of 14 years. From the judgment entered, defendant appealed.\nAttorney General Edmisten, by Associate Attorney Edmond W. Caldwell, Jr., for the State.\nAppellate Defender Adam Stein and the Appellate Defender Clinic of the University of North Carolina School of Law, by James R. Glover, for defendant appellant." }, "file_name": "0097-01", "first_page_order": 129, "last_page_order": 135 }