{ "id": 8524425, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE RICO RAY", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Ray", "decision_date": "1984-11-06", "docket_number": "No. 8418SC148", "first_page": "165", "last_page": "170", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "71 N.C. App. 165" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "273 S.E. 2d 716", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "302 N.C. 137", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8564083 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/302/0137-01" ] }, { "cite": "296 S.E. 2d 267", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "307 N.C. 42", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8560548 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/307/0042-01" ] }, { "cite": "103 S.Ct. 839", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 L.Ed. 2d 1031", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "459 U.S. 1189", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6541520, 6541568, 6541613, 6541774 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/459/1189-01", "/us/459/1189-02", "/us/459/1189-03", "/us/459/1189-04" ] }, { "cite": "103 S.Ct. 474", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "S. Ct.", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 L.Ed. 2d 622", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "459 U.S. 1056", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6487664, 6487779 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/459/1056-01", "/us/459/1056-02" ] }, { "cite": "292 S.E. 2d 203", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567373 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "235 S.E. 2d 828", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "293 N.C. 105", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561617 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/293/0105-01" ] }, { "cite": "427 U.S. 97", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6174831 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/427/0097-01" ] }, { "cite": "373 U.S. 83", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11716714 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/373/0083-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 542, "char_count": 10790, "ocr_confidence": 0.831, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.0446031217563963e-07, "percentile": 0.751732823033312 }, "sha256": "b4a2c457e92d5a79a516feb7ea1b91bf972a8052752bf66b55924f95f8c32de0", "simhash": "1:863f75ae678323ff", "word_count": 1771 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:51:06.115640+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judge Arnold concurs.", "Judge Wells dissents." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE RICO RAY" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "HILL, Judge.\nIn relevant part, the evidence for the State tended to show that on 3 November 1981, a man and two women entered the Record Bar at Four Seasons Mall in Greensboro. The sales clerk, William Cook, testified that the man made two separate purchases totaling $58.76 and paid for them with a Visa credit card issued in the name of Carrie Steele. The clerk did not call for authorization to charge the purchases nor did he ask for identification because the amount involved was small.\nIn addition to the Record Bar transactions, which were the subject of the indictment, the State offered evidence that on the same day a man and two women used the same Visa card to make a second set of purchases at Webster\u2019s Menswear, a clothing store in Four Seasons Mall. In those transactions State\u2019s evidence showed that one of the two women presented the card to the clerk to pay for the purchases and signed the slip.\nCarrie Steele, a resident of Columbia, South Carolina, owned the Visa card used to make the described purchases. When she received a statement dated 11 November 1981 for charges on her Visa that she had not made, she reported her card as lost or stolen. At trial Carrie Steele testified that she had last seen her credit card in October at a department store in Columbia, South Carolina, that she had not made the purchases at the Record Bar or Webster\u2019s Menswear and that the signature on the charge slips was not hers.\nAfter Carrie Steele reported the missing card, Atlantic States Bank Card Association, a processing center for bank credit cards, began an investigation. On 21 December 1981, investigators showed a photo array to William Cook who identified the defendant as the man who made the Record Bar purchases with the Visa card issued to Carrie Steele. The Webster\u2019s Menswear clerk and assistant manager similarly identified defendant from a photo array as the man with the two women when the 3 November 1981 purchases were made at their store. At trial the State offered into evidence the 11 November 1981 statement of charges to Carrie Steele\u2019s Visa account which showed a series of unauthorized transactions in addition to the ones at Record Bar and Webster\u2019s Menswear.\nDefendant assigns as error that the trial court failed to order the State upon request by defense counsel to produce for defendant\u2019s inspection, or in the alternative inspection by the court in camera, a portion of the State\u2019s file which allegedly contained the transcription of a prior inconsistent statement made by a witness for the State. Defendant claims they needed the requested material so that they could properly impeach the State\u2019s witness.\nAt trial William Cook testified for the State concerning the 3 November 1981 purchases allegedly made by the defendant. He testified that it was bhe defendant who presented the card for payment and the defendant who signed the sales slip. Counsel for the defendant claimed that some months before trial and in preparation for trial he had viewed a case summary prepared by the Greensboro Police Department and given him by the prosecution. Counsel claimed that he had made notes from the summary indicating that Cook had told investigators that the \u201cgirlfriend\u201d was the one using the Visa and she had signed the slip.\nOn voir dire defense counsel asked the State to produce for the court\u2019s inspection any prior statements in their possession made by William Cook. The State responded that they had no prior statements recorded or written of Mr. Cook. Further, Cook testified that he had not talked to any member of the Greensboro Police Department about the transaction. The court responded, \u201cunless you (defense counsel) can show that [the prosecutor] is not telling me the truth, in which case you\u2019ve entered a very serious accusation against an officer of this Court, I\u2019m going to deny your motion.\u201d\nUpon specific request the prosecutor is constitutionally required to disclose at trial evidence that is favorable and material to the defense. Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 10 L.Ed. 2d 215, 83 S.Ct. 1194 (1963); U.S. v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 49 L.Ed. 2d 342, 96 S.Ct. 2392 (1976). In State v. Hardy, 293 N.C. 105, 235 S.E. 2d 828 (1977), our Supreme Court held that in North Carolina, the court should view the requested evidence in camera to determine if it is material and favorable. If the court determines the requested evidence is relevant and competent it is made available to defendant. If the court after the in camera examination rules against the defendant and his motion, the court should order the sealed statement placed in the record for appellate review. Hardy, supra at 128.\nIn the present case, we find that the court\u2019s rulings on defendant\u2019s requests for production of evidence were not in error. The court did all that it could reasonably do to ascertain if the material requested by defendant existed. State v. Pinch, 306 N.C. 1, 292 S.E. 2d 203, cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1056, 74 L.Ed. 2d 622, 103 S.Ct. 474 (1982), reh\u2019g denied, 459 U.S. 1189, 74 L.Ed. 2d 1031, 103 S.Ct. 839 (1983). Nothing in the record substantiates defendant\u2019s claim that evidence favorable to him was suppressed. Defendant has made no showing of prosecutorial misbehavior nor has he presented any evidence that State\u2019s witness, William Cook, changed his story in court. On the basis of the record we cannot say that the requested material even existed. Absent some proof that the requested statement existed and was improperly suppressed at trial, this Court must affirm the ruling of the trial court.\nNext defendant contends that the trial court erred when it admitted into evidence the summary of charges made to the Visa account which recorded unauthorized transactions other than the ones at issue. At trial Carrie Steele testified that when she received the monthly summary of charges made on her Visa card she noticed that it listed unauthorized charges. She then reported her card lost or stolen.\nThe State offered the summary of charges containing the unauthorized transactions in corroboration of Carrie Steele\u2019s testimony. Defendant objected claiming that because the summary contained evidence of a series of unauthorized transactions which took place after the card left Carrie Steele\u2019s possession its admission into evidence would improperly suggest defendant was responsible for additional crimes.\nThe trial judge has discretion to control how far the parties may go in corroborating witnesses in collateral matters. State v. White, 307 N.C. 42, 296 S.E. 2d 267 (1982). A ruling by the trial court on an evidentiary point is presumptively correct and counsel asserting prejudicial error must demonstrate that the particular ruling is in fact incorrect. State v. Milby and State v. Boyd, 302 N.C. 137, 273 S.E. 2d 716 (1981).\nIn the present case, the record is devoid of any indication that the court abused its discretion. When defendant objected to the admission of the evidence, the court held a voir dire where they decided that the summary would be admitted into evidence with a limiting instruction. The State entered the summary into evidence and the court cautioned the jury to consider it only for the purpose of corroborating Carrie Steele\u2019s testimony. The record shows the State presented no evidence connecting defendant with any transaction on the summary other than the ones at Record Bar and Webster\u2019s Menswear. Because we find the State presented no evidence that the defendant committed other crimes we affirm the ruling of the trial court.\nDefendant also complains that testimony by an investigator for the credit card company improperly suggested that defendant committed crimes not charged. The investigator testified that during his investigation to determine who was wrongfully using Mrs. Steele\u2019s credit card, he talked to numerous merchants requesting they describe the Visa card user. Defendant objected to the testimony and the court instructed the witness to confine his remarks to the transactions at issue.\nThe court allowed the witness to testify only about the transactions at Record Bar and Webster\u2019s Menswear. No witness testified that defendant was connected with any other fraudulent transactions. We fail to see how this testimony improperly prejudiced the defendant.\nFor the reasons enunciated herein, we find the defendant to have had a fair trial, free from prejudicial error.\nNo error.\nJudge Arnold concurs.\nJudge Wells dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "HILL, Judge." }, { "text": "Judge WELLS\ndissenting.\nIn am persuaded that defendant was entitled to have the trial court conduct an in camera examination of the prosecution\u2019s file to determine if the exculpatory statement alleged by defendant to have been seen previously by defendant\u2019s counsel was in the file.\nAdditionally, I am persuaded that the trial court erred in allowing the state to \u201ccorroborate\u201d Ms. Steele\u2019s testimony as to the unauthorized charge against her credit card defendant was tried for by introducing a long list of other unauthorized charges not connected to defendant.\nI vote for a new trial.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Judge WELLS" } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Rufus L. Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General Thomas B. Wood, for the State.", "Appellate Defender Adam Stein by James R. Glover, Director, Appellate Defender Clinic, for defendant appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. GEORGE RICO RAY\nNo. 8418SC148\n(Filed 6 November 1984)\n1. Constitutional Law \u00a7 30; Bills of Discovery \u00a7 6\u2014 failure to conduct in camera examination of prosecution\u2019s file\nThe trial court did not err in failing to conduct an in camera examination of the prosecution\u2019s file to determine whether the file contained a prior inconsistent statement by a State\u2019s witness to the police which defense counsel allegedly had seen in the file where the prosecutor stated that the State had no such statement, the witness denied making such a statement to the police, and nothing in the record substantiated defendant\u2019s claim that evidence favorable to him was suppressed.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 89.2\u2014 corroboration of witness \u2014showing of other unauthorized transactions\nIn a prosecution for obtaining property by false pretense by the unauthorized use of a credit card, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in permitting the State to corroborate the card owner\u2019s testimony by introducing a summary of charges to her account which showed unauthorized transactions in addition to the ones at issue where the State presented no evidence connecting defendant with any transaction on the summary other than the ones for which he was being tried.\nJudge Wells dissenting.\nAPPEAL by defendant from Hairston, Judge. Judgment entered 8 March 1983 in Superior Court, Guilford County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 16 October 1984.\nDefendant was convicted of false pretenses and was sentenced to six years imprisonment. From the judgment entered he appealed.\nAttorney General Rufus L. Edmisten, by Assistant Attorney General Thomas B. Wood, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Adam Stein by James R. Glover, Director, Appellate Defender Clinic, for defendant appellant." }, "file_name": "0165-01", "first_page_order": 199, "last_page_order": 204 }