{ "id": 8525870, "name": "THEODORE R. ANDERSON, Plaintiff Employee v. CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS, INC., Defendant Employer, and INTEGON INDEMNITY CORP., Defendant Carrier", "name_abbreviation": "Anderson v. Century Data Systems, Inc.", "decision_date": "1984-12-04", "docket_number": "No. 8410IC293", "first_page": "540", "last_page": "547", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "71 N.C. App. 540" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "153 S.E. 591", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1930, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "593" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "199 N.C. 38", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8594993 ], "year": 1930, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "40" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/199/0038-01" ] }, { "cite": "459 U.S. 1112", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6521345, 6521605, 6521672, 6521001, 6521067, 6521452, 6521392, 6521264, 6521209, 6521146, 6520926, 6521535 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "remanding proceeding to Industrial Commission for more specific findings where Commission found only that there was \"no evidence that the death was caused by intoxication,\" and the record contained \"ample evidence\" that the employee's intoxication proximately caused his death" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/459/1112-07", "/us/459/1112-11", "/us/459/1112-12", "/us/459/1112-02", "/us/459/1112-03", "/us/459/1112-09", "/us/459/1112-08", "/us/459/1112-06", "/us/459/1112-05", "/us/459/1112-04", "/us/459/1112-01", "/us/459/1112-10" ] }, { "cite": "294 S.E. 2d 206", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 382", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569025, 8569222, 8569062, 8569174, 8569119 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0382-01", "/nc/306/0382-05", "/nc/306/0382-02", "/nc/306/0382-04", "/nc/306/0382-03" ] }, { "cite": "291 S.E. 2d 155", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "57 N.C. App. 137", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522526 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/57/0137-01" ] }, { "cite": "70 S.E. 2d 706", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1952, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "707" }, { "page": "709" }, { "page": "709" }, { "page": "709" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "235 N.C. 602", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626215 ], "year": 1952, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/235/0602-01" ] }, { "cite": "189 S.E. 2d 769", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "both cases involving G.S. 97-12 prior to its amendment in 1975" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 N.C. App. 98", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8547781 ], "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "both cases involving G.S. 97-12 prior to its amendment in 1975" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/15/0098-01" ] }, { "cite": "162 S.E. 2d 119", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "182 S.E. 2d 219", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "discussing meaning of \"greater weight of the evidence\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "11 N.C. App. 662", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8556419 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "discussing meaning of \"greater weight of the evidence\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/11/0662-01" ] }, { "cite": "295 S.E. 2d 458", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 706", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573544 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0706-01" ] }, { "cite": "276 S.E. 2d 751", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "51 N.C. App. 316", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 2645906 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/51/0316-01" ] }, { "cite": "292 N.C. 210", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567907 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/292/0210-01" ] }, { "cite": "1 N.C. App. 553", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8554551 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/1/0553-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 709, "char_count": 15896, "ocr_confidence": 0.801, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.0034585251079845e-07, "percentile": 0.9058941274182395 }, "sha256": "5579e7829c989a829635e27d6f41ee0af6296385e1528af0036bea7c8e022af5", "simhash": "1:b0622712a8a07a0e", "word_count": 2582 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:51:06.115640+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges WEBB and Hill concur." ], "parties": [ "THEODORE R. ANDERSON, Plaintiff Employee v. CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS, INC., Defendant Employer, and INTEGON INDEMNITY CORP., Defendant Carrier" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "HEDRICK, Judge.\nThe following facts are undisputed: Plaintiff-employee is a field service technician employed by defendant to service \u201ccomputer-type\u201d cash registers sold by defendant-employer. Defendant provided plaintiff a car to use in making service calls, and assigned him a \u201cservice territory\u201d in southeastern North Carolina. On 13 March 1980 plaintiff reported to defendant-employer\u2019s Wilmington office and was instructed to go to Myrtle Beach, outside his service territory, to repair a slip printer at the Litchfield Beach Inn. Plaintiff left Wilmington at approximately 10:30 a.m. and arrived in Myrtle Beach at approximately noon. After completing his assigned work at the Litchfield Beach Inn, plaintiff and two other employees went to a steakhouse. One employee, a Branch Manager for defendant-employer in South Carolina, bought beer for himself, plaintiff, and the third employee. At approximately 1:30 a.m., while returning to Wilmington from Myrtle Beach, plaintiff was seriously injured in an accident occurring when the car he was driving veered into the path of an oncoming Mack Tractor Trailer unit. Testing on a blood sample taken from plaintiff at approximately 2:30 a.m. on 14 March 1980 revealed a blood-alcohol level of .199%.\nAt the hearing on plaintiffs claim for benefits under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act, the parties stipulated that \u201cDefendants plead the provisions of 97-12 with reference to intoxication in bar of the claim.\u201d G.S. 97-12 in pertinent part provides:\nNo compensation shall be payable if the injury or death to the employee was proximately caused by:\n(1) His intoxication, provided the intoxicant was not supplied by the employer or his agent in a supervisory capacity to the employee;\nIn support of their contention that plaintiffs injuries were proximately caused by his intoxication, defendants introduced evidence tending to show that on the evening of 13 March 1980 plaintiff drank one or two beers between 8:00 and 9:00. Plaintiff returned to his car at approximately 9:30, and he was not intoxicated at that time. At approximately 1:30 a.m. plaintiff was observed by William J. Davis on Highway 17, approximately fifty miles north of Myrtle Beach. Mr. Davis, who was driving a Mack Tractor Trailer unit in the southbound lane, first observed plaintiff when he was about three-quarters of a mile away. Mr. Davis saw the vehicle driven by plaintiff round a curve, at which time the car crossed the center lane, with \u201cmost of the car\u201d in the southbound lane. Mr. Davis prepared to stop and flashed his headlights, whereupon plaintiffs car returned to the northbound lane. When the vehicles were approximately 45 feet apart, plaintiffs car again veered into the truck\u2019s path, and the collision occurred.\nPlaintiff testified that he is unable to remember any of the events surrounding the accident.\nThe findings of fact made by the Commission from the evidence in the case pertinent to the issue of plaintiffs intoxication are as follows:\n6. Plaintiff completed his work at the Litchfield Beach Inn between 6:00 and 7:00 p.m. and he and Bernie returned to Myrtle Beach where they met Mr. Frie at the steak house at approximately 8:00 p.m. The three men stayed at the steak house for about one hour and drank two or more bottle of beer each which beer was purchased by Mr. Frie. Thereafter, Mr. Frie left the steak house at approximately 9:00 p.m.\n7. Plaintiff and Bernie remained at the steak house for about another hour. . . . The two men then left the steak house and went to the place in Myrtle Beach where Bernie had left his automobile. . . . The two men then parted. . . .\n8. At approximately 1:30 a.m. on 14 March 1980 the Pinto which plaintiff was driving rounded a curve partly in the wrong side of the road headed in a Northerly direction on U.S. Highway 17 ... 50 or more miles North of Myrtle Beach on the highway. . . .\n9. There was headed on the same stretch of straight highway in a Southerly direction at the same time a Mack Tractor pulling a tanker trailer. Such rig was driven at a speed of approximately 55 miles per hour by William J. Davis. The weather was fair and clear. Davis observed the vehicle driven by plaintiff being driven back on the right Northbound lane and of such Pinto being driven straight down the highway at a reasonable rate of speed. Nothing abnormal occurred until the vehicles were only about 45 feet apart. At such time the Pinto suddenly veered into Mr. Davis\u2019 lane of travel and the two vehicles collided with the left front of the Pinto striking the left front of the Mack Tractor Trailer.\n10. . . . Plaintiffs blood alcoholic content upon hospitalization was .199%. At least a portion of the alcohol plaintiff consumed in the hours prior to his injury by accident was supplied by an agent of defendant-employer acting in his supervisory capacity.\n12. It has not been proven that plaintiffs injuries were proximately caused by intoxication.\nBased on the above findings, the Commission made what it termed a conclusion of law:\n1. On 14 March 1980 plaintiff sustained an injury by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment with defendant employer. It has not been proven that such injury by accident was proximately caused by intoxication. G.S. 97-2(6); G.S. 97-12; Yates v. Hajoca Corp., 1 N.C. App. 553; Lassiter v. Town of Chapel Hill, supra, Inscoe v. Industries, 292 N.C. 210; Smith v. Central Transport, 51 N.C. App. 316. However, even if it had been concluded that intoxication was a proximate cause of plaintiffs accident, at least a portion of the alcohol consumed by the plaintiff in the hours prior to his injury was supplied by an agent of defendant-employer acting in his supervisory capacity.\nThe only question raised on this appeal relates to the affirmative defense described in G.S. 97-12, which provides that an employer is relieved of his obligations under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act where an employee\u2019s injury is proximately caused by that employee\u2019s intoxication.\nIt is the duty of the Commission to make findings of fact resolving all issues raised by the evidence given in the case. The evidence in the instant case raises two issues: (1) whether plaintiff was intoxicated at the time of the accident, and (2) if so, whether the accident was proximately caused by his intoxication.\nIn regard to the first issue, whether plaintiff was intoxicated at the time of the accident, we note that the Commission did not make an express ultimate finding of fact on this point. Examination of the evidentiary findings made by the Commission, however, persuades us that the Commission implicitly found that plaintiff was intoxicated at the time of the accident. Indeed, the evidence would not support a finding to the contrary.\nWe next consider the Commission\u2019s findings with respect to whether the accident was proximately caused by plaintiffs intoxication. In this regard, we hold the Commission\u2019s statement, labeled a finding of fact, that \u201c[i]t has not been proven that plaintiffs injuries were proximately caused by intoxication,\u201d insufficient to resolve the issue raised by the evidence on this point. We further hold that the Commission\u2019s statement is affected by error of law, made manifest in the following additional language in the Commission\u2019s opinion:\nThe cause of plaintiffs motor vehicle veering across the highway into the path of the Mack Tractor is unknown. There are various possibilities as to the cause which would appear to include the possibility of plaintiff dozing or falling asleep, the possibility of his attention being diverted by some unknown cause, the possibility of his suddenly becoming ill, and the possibility of the incident being caused by intoxication. A finding of fact concerning any of such possibilities would, in the opinion of the undersigned, be based upon suspicion and conjecture.\nUnder G.S. 97-12, the employer has the burden of proof on the affirmative defense of intoxication. See Smith v. Central Transport, 51 N.C. App. 316, 276 S.E. 2d 751 (1981). The Commission misconstrues, however, the nature of the employer\u2019s burden. The employer is not required to come forward with evidence disproving all possible causes other than intoxication. Nor is he required to prove that intoxication was the sole proximate cause of the employee\u2019s injuries. Rorie v. Holly Farms, 306 N.C. 706, 295 S.E. 2d 458 (1982). In asserting the defense of intoxication set out in G.S. 97-12, the employer is required to prove only that the employee\u2019s intoxication was more probably than not a cause in fact of the accident resulting in injury to the employee. Id.; see also Plumbing Co. v. Supply Co., 11 N.C. App. 662, 182 S.E. 2d 219 (1971) (discussing meaning of \u201cgreater weight of the evidence\u201d).\nIn the instant case the employer offered substantial evidence tending to show that the accident was proximately caused by plaintiffs intoxication, and a finding to this effect, if made by the Commission, would be supported by the evidence. A finding that plaintiffs \u201cattention [was] diverted by some unknown cause,\u201d on the other hand, would be entirely without support in the evidence in the record. The Commission is thus incorrect in saying that \u201c[a] finding of fact concerning any of such possibilities would ... be based upon suspicion and conjecture.\u201d The Commission may or may not find the evidence introduced by defendant credible, but it must in any case make definitive findings of fact based on its assessment of the evidence.\nWe are cited by plaintiff to Yates v. Hajoca Corp., 1 N.C. App. 553, 162 S.E. 2d 119 (1968) and Lassiter v. Town of Chapel Hill, 15 N.C. App. 98, 189 S.E. 2d 769 (1972) (both cases involving G.S. 97-12 prior to its amendment in 1975), in support of his contention that the Commission\u2019s statement in Finding of Fact No. 12 is sufficient to resolve all issues regarding the defense embodied in G.S. 97-12. We hold these cases clearly distinguishable on their facts, but in any event we repudiate any suggestion in either case that the Commission is not required to make definitive findings resolving all issues raised by the evidence. In Thomason v. Cab Co., 235 N.C. 602, 70 S.E. 2d 706 (1952), our Supreme Court considered facts similar to those of the instant case. In Thomason the Industrial Commission found as facts that (1) \u201cwe have no way of knowing what transpired . . . between 3:15 A.M. . . . and approximately 5:00 o\u2019clock A.M., when the fatal wreck occurred;\u201d (2) \u201cthe cause of the collision remains unexplained;\u201d and (3) \u201cthe death of [the employee] was not occasioned by . . . intoxication.\u201d Id. at 604, 70 S.E. 2d at 707. Labeling these findings \u201cmere conclusions,\u201d id. at 606, 70 S.E. 2d at 709, Justice Ervin emphasized the importance of proper findings of fact, saying, \u201c[They] should tell the full story of the event giving rise to the claim for compensation.\u201d Id. at 605, 70 S.E. 2d at 709. The Court went on to say that the finding that the plaintiffs death was not occasioned by his intoxication was \u201cdestroyed by the antagonistic finding that \u2018the cause of the collision remains unexplained.\u2019 \u201d Id. at 606, 70 S.E. 2d at 709. See also Coleman v. City of Winston-Salem, 57 N.C. App. 137, 291 S.E. 2d 155, disc. rev. denied, 306 N.C. 382, 294 S.E. 2d 206 (1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1112 (1983) (remanding proceeding to Industrial Commission for more specific findings where Commission found only that there was \u201cno evidence that the death was caused by intoxication,\u201d and the record contained \u201cample evidence\u201d that the employee\u2019s intoxication proximately caused his death).\nWe note that the conclusion that \u201c[h]owever, even if it had been concluded that intoxication was a proximate cause of plaintiffs accident, at least a portion of the alcohol consumed by the plaintiff in the hours prior to his injury was supplied by an agent of defendant-employer acting in his supervisory capacity\u201d was not in the original opinion and award drafted by Chief Deputy Commissioner Shuford. This equivocal statement was added by the full Commission as an amendment to the findings of fact and conclusions of law when it adopted as its own the original opinion and award of the Chief Deputy. This statement, if it be considered as a finding of fact or conclusion of law, is so equivocal as to be of no legal significance. Clearly, there is no necessity for the Commission to reach the issue of whether \u201cthe intoxicant\u201d was provided by the employer until it has decided that the employee was intoxicated, and that the accident was proximately caused by his intoxication. We hold there is no competent, credible evidence in this record to raise an issue as to whether the employer provided \u201cthe intoxicant.\u201d\nG.S. 97-12 is an integral part of our Workers\u2019 Compensation Act and evidences the Legislature\u2019s intention to relieve an employer of the obligation to pay compensation to an employee when the accident giving rise to the employee\u2019s injuries is proximately caused by his intoxication. The oft-quoted rule that the Act should be liberally construed, see e.g., Johnson v. Hosiery Company, 199 N.C. 38, 40, 153 S.E. 591, 593 (1930), does not license either the Commission or the courts to disregard the manifest intention of the Legislature in enacting G.S. 97-12.\nFor the reasons set out herein, the order requiring the defendants to pay compensation to the plaintiff is vacated, and the cause is remanded to the Industrial Commission for findings based on the present record and proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.\nVacated and remanded.\nJudges WEBB and Hill concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "HEDRICK, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Patterson, Dilthey, Clay, Cranfill, Sumner & Hartzog, by Ronald C. Dilthey and Sanford W. Thompson, IV, for plaintiff, ap-pellee.", "Horton & Michaels, by Walter L. Horton, Jr., for defendants, appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THEODORE R. ANDERSON, Plaintiff Employee v. CENTURY DATA SYSTEMS, INC., Defendant Employer, and INTEGON INDEMNITY CORP., Defendant Carrier\nNo. 8410IC293\n(Filed 4 December 1984)\n1. Master and Servant \u00a7 58\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation \u2014 defense of intoxication-burden of proof\nIn asserting the defense of intoxication under G.S. 97-12, the employer is not required to come forward with evidence disproving all possible causes other than intoxication or to prove that intoxication was the sole proximate cause of the employee\u2019s injuries; rather, the employer is required to prove only that the employee\u2019s intoxication was more probably than not a cause in fact of the accident resulting in injury to the employee.\n2. Master and Servant \u00a7 58\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation \u2014 intoxication of employee-insufficient findings\nThe Industrial Commission\u2019s finding that \u201cit has not been proven that plaintiffs injuries were proximately caused by intoxication\u201d was insufficient to resolve issues regarding the defense of intoxication raised by the evidence where defendant employer offered substantial evidence tending to show that the accident was proximately caused by plaintiffs intoxication.\n3. Master and Servant \u00a7 58\u2014 workers\u2019 compensation \u2014intoxicants provided by employer \u2014 insufficient evidence\nThere was no competent, credible evidence in the record to raise an issue as to whether defendant employer provided intoxicants to plaintiff employee.\nAppeal by defendants employer and carrier from opinion and award of the North Carolina Industrial Commission filed 9 November 1983. Heard in the Court of Appeals 27 November 1984.\nPlaintiff filed this claim under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act, claiming that injuries sustained by him in a motor vehicle collision occurred as a result of an accident arising out of and in the course of his employment. Following a hearing and after consideration of additional evidence received in the form of depositions, the Industrial Commission made findings of fact and conclusions of law and entered an opinion and award directing defendants to pay plaintiff compensation. Defendants appealed.\nPatterson, Dilthey, Clay, Cranfill, Sumner & Hartzog, by Ronald C. Dilthey and Sanford W. Thompson, IV, for plaintiff, ap-pellee.\nHorton & Michaels, by Walter L. Horton, Jr., for defendants, appellants." }, "file_name": "0540-01", "first_page_order": 574, "last_page_order": 581 }