{
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  "name": "YAMAHA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION v. MICHAEL T. PARKS, ELLEN W. PARKS and CLIFF ROBINSON",
  "name_abbreviation": "Yamaha International Corp. v. Parks",
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    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge HEDRICK and Judge EAGLES concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "YAMAHA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION v. MICHAEL T. PARKS, ELLEN W. PARKS and CLIFF ROBINSON"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WHICHARD, Judge.\nDefendants contend that by virtue of an oral modification they have been released from their written guaranty agreement with plaintiff. Notwithstanding contract provisions to the contrary, such as those here, supra, a written contract may be modified by a subsequent parol agreement, which may be either express or implied by the conduct of the parties. Son-Shine Grading v. ADC Construction Co., 68 N.C. App. 417, 422, 315 S.E. 2d 346, 349 (1984); Electro Lift v. Equipment Co., 4 N.C. App. 203, 207, 166 S.E. 2d 454, 456 (1969).\nThe burden is on defendants, however, to show the modification contended for. Russell v. Hardwood Co., 200 N.C. 210, 211, 156 S.E. 492, 493 (1931); Insurance Agency v. Leasing Corp., 31 N.C. App. 490, 492, 229 S.E. 2d 697, 699 (1976). They have not met that burden here. The only forecast of evidence, supra, is the following: plaintiff was notified that defendant Michael T. Parks had withdrawn from the corporation; plaintiff was asked whether the corporation needed to sign a new dealer agreement due to defendant Michael T. Parks\u2019 withdrawal; corporation dealt with plaintiffs traveling representatives but not with plaintiffs corporate credit manager, who filed an affidavit on plaintiffs behalf; based upon defendant Michael T. Parks\u2019 prior dealings with plaintiff, defendants relied upon the oral representations of plaintiffs traveling representatives and thought they were released from liability on the guaranty.\nDefendants argue that considered in the light most favorable to them, the foregoing forecast of evidence raises an issue of material fact as to whether plaintiffs traveling representative by act or word modified the guaranty agreement. We disagree.\nA guarantor of a principal obligation may be discharged from liability under the guaranty contract by a valid release by the creditor. 38 Am. Jur. 2d Guaranty Sec. 79, at 1086 (1968). The release, or agreement discharging the guarantor, is binding upon the creditor if the agreement possesses the elements of a contract. Id., Sec. 80, at 1087. Thus, modification of a contract is as much a matter of contract as the original agreement. Electro Lift, 4 N.C. App. at 207, 166 S.E. 2d at 456-57. The effect of a modification is the production of a new agreement, which must contain all the essential elements of a contract. Id. See also 38 Am. Jur. 2d Guaranty Sec. 80, at 1087 (1968). Mutual consent is as much a requisite in effecting a contractual modification as it is in the initial creation of a contract. Electro Lift, 4 N.C. App. at 207, 166 S.E. 2d at 457.\nDefendants here have not forecast evidence establishing an issue of material fact as to whether plaintiff and defendants made a new agreement containing all the essential elements of a contract. The evidence forecast makes no reference either directly or indirectly to the original agreement between the parties, or to a new agreement. Defendants cannot reasonably contend that that which was neither directly nor indirectly spoken of was modified by a new agreement.\nSummary judgment is proper if the pleadings and forecast of evidence establish that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and a party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. G.S. 1A-1, Rule 56(c); Frye v. Arrington, 58 N.C. App. 180, 182, 292 S.E. 2d 772, 773 (1982). The pleadings and forecast of evidence here established that defendants owed plaintiff the sums claimed under the guaranty agreement. The only alleged defense was that plaintiffs had released defendants from their obligation by a subsequent oral modification of the agreement. Because defendants failed to forecast evidence that would sustain their burden of proof on this issue, the court properly granted plaintiffs motion for summary judgment.\nDefendants contend that the affidavit of plaintiffs corporate credit manager is not made on personal knowledge as required by G.S. 1A-1, Rule 56(e) and is therefore inadmissible. Assuming without deciding that defendants\u2019 contention has merit, defendants waived any objection they may have had by not raising it at the hearing on plaintiffs motion. On a motion for summary judgment, uncertified or otherwise inadmissible documents may be considered if not challenged by timely objection. Insurance Co. v. Bank, 36 N.C. App. 18, 26, 244 S.E. 2d 264, 269 (1978). This objection, first raised on appeal, is not timely. See Bank v. Harwell, 38 N.C. App. 190, 192, 247 S.E. 2d 720, 722 (1978), cert. denied, 296 N.C. 410, 267 S.E. 2d 656 (1979). We note additionally that even absent a consideration of plaintiffs affidavit, defendants raised no issue of material fact.\nDefendants contend the court erred in continuing the case to allow plaintiff an opportunity to cure notice defects in its motion for summary judgment. Granting a continuance is within the sound discretion of the trial court and we find no abuse of that discretion.\nAffirmed.\nChief Judge HEDRICK and Judge EAGLES concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WHICHARD, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Smith, Debnam, Hibbert & Pahl, by Carl W. Hibbert, for plaintiff appellee.",
      "W. C. Stuart, III, for defendant appellants."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "YAMAHA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION v. MICHAEL T. PARKS, ELLEN W. PARKS and CLIFF ROBINSON\nNo. 8410DC401\n(Filed 5 February 1985)\nGuaranty \u00a7 2\u2014 oral modification of guaranty \u2014 summary judgment proper\nIn an action to collect on a guaranty agreement signed by defendants, the trial court properly entered summary judgment for plaintiff where defendants contended that, by virtue of an oral modification, they were released from their written agreement with plaintiff guaranteeing the debts of a corporation, since defendants offered evidence tending to show that plaintiff was notified that defendant husband had withdrawn from the corporation; plaintiff was asked whether the corporation needed to sign a new dealer agreement due to defendant\u2019s withdrawal; the corporation dealt with plaintiffs traveling representatives but not with plaintiffs corporate credit manager, who filed an affidavit on plaintiffs behalf; based on defendant\u2019s prior dealings with plaintiff, defendants relied on the oral representations of plaintiffs traveling representatives and thought they were released from liability on the guaranty; such evidence did not raise an issue of material fact as to whether plaintiffs traveling representative by act or word modified the guaranty agreement; and the evidence did not establish an issue of material fact as to whether plaintiff and defendants made a new agreement containing all the essential elements of a contract.\nAppeal by defendants Michael T. Parks and Ellen W. Parks from CashweU, Judge. Judgment entered 30 November 1983 in District Court, WAKE County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 4 December 1984.\nPlaintiff sought to collect on a guaranty agreement signed by Michael T. and Ellen W. Parks (defendants), guaranteeing the debts of Whetstone Music, Inc. (corporation), now in bankruptcy proceedings along with defendant Cliff Robinson individually. The agreement provided, inter alia, that\nthe validity of this guarantee shall not be impaired by any . . . changes of status or of personnel on the part of the debt- or, by any act, omission, . . . forbearance, indulgence or other like transaction of any kind whatsoever, and no such act or omission shall be construed in any way to impair the obligations of this guarantee.\nIt further provided, \u201cThis guarantee shall continue until cancelled by written notice to [plaintiff].\u201d\nDefendants answered that they no longer had an ownership interest in the corporation and that they have \u201cbeen released of all liability [for corporate debts] by Defendant Cliff Robinson, the sole owner of [corporation] in an agreement dated 25 May 1982.\u201d\nIn support of its motion for summary judgment, plaintiff filed an affidavit in which its corporate credit manager swore the following:\n5. That at the outset of granting credit to Whetstone Music, Inc. the plaintiff Yamaha requested and received personal guaranty agreements from the individual principals of Whetstone Music, Inc. including among them the personal guaranty agreements of Michael T. Parks and wife, Ellen W. Parks. . . .\n6. The plaintiff . . . relied upon said personal guarantee in consenting to grant credit on an open account basis to Whetstone Music, Inc.\n8. The defendants ... in their answer and counterclaim contend that they were released from their personal guarantee on May 25, 1982 . . . however said agreements, if any, were made not between plaintiff . . . but rather between [corporation], Mr. Cliff Robinson and defendants Parks.\n9. That plaintiff . . . has not nor has it ever been a party to any agreement oral or written releasing defendants . . . from their personal guarantee.\n10. That the plaintiff . . . did not receive notice nor was it an actual [or] implied party to any agreements between the principals of [corporation] ....\n12. That the personal guarantee executed by [defendants] were [sic] guarantee of payment.\nIn their defense, defendants submitted the affidavit of Cliff Robinson in which he made the following pertinent statements:\n(3) That in May of 1983, I signed an Agreement with Michael Parks wherein I purchased his interest in [corporation];\n(4) That, shortly after the May Agreement, I paid the account to [plaintiff] down to a zero balance;\n(5) That, at the time I paid the account off, I specifically informed [plaintiffs traveling representative] that Michael Parks had withdrawn from [corporation];\n(6) That at the time I informed [plaintiffs traveling representative] of Mr. Parks\u2019 withdrawal, I asked whether I needed to sign a new dealer agreement because of Mr. Parks\u2019 withdrawal, and he said that it would not be necessary;\n(8) That, in addition, I had by telephone notified [plaintiff] of the withdrawal of Mr. Parks from the [corporation] and that this information was given to a sales representative\n(9) That I did not intend to have [defendants] guarantee the debts of [corporation] subsequent to the time of [Mr. Parks\u2019] withdrawal from the company.\nDefendant Michael T. Parks also submitted his own affidavit which stated;\n(11) That based on the oral representations of [plaintiffs] representatives, I thought that my wife . . . and I had been released from the guaranty agreements;\n(12) That if I had known that [plaintiffs] representative had not released me from any liability, I would have formally requested the withdrawal of our names from the guaranty;\n(13) That based upon my prior dealings with [plaintiff] I relied on the oral representations of the traveling representatives, and thought that I was released from any liability.\nThe court concluded that there was no genuine issue as to any material fact and entered judgment for plaintiff as a matter of law. Defendants appeal.\nSmith, Debnam, Hibbert & Pahl, by Carl W. Hibbert, for plaintiff appellee.\nW. C. Stuart, III, for defendant appellants."
  },
  "file_name": "0625-01",
  "first_page_order": 651,
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