{
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  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOE RAY GRINDSTAFF",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges BECTON and PARKER concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOE RAY GRINDSTAFF"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "HEDRICK, Chief Judge.\nWe note at the outset that defendant\u2019s notice of appeal was not timely given. The State has not addressed this issue, however, and we have elected to treat this appeal as a petition for a writ of certiorari and allow the same in order to pass on the merits of defendant\u2019s appeal.\nDefendant first assigns error to the trial court\u2019s denial of his motion to suppress on the following grounds: 1) the warrantless search was not based on any exigent circumstances; 2) defendant, as a condition of an earlier probation, had consented to war-rantless searches of his person or premises but only in his presence, and he was not present on this occasion; 3) defendant\u2019s wife was not authorized to consent to the search; 4) pursuant to the condition of probation, only defendant\u2019s probation officer, and not law enforcement officers, were authorized to make warrantless searches; and 5) the outbuilding was within the \u201ccurtilage\u201d of defendant\u2019s home and thus he had an expectation of privacy in it. For the reasons stated below, we find all of these arguments unpersuasive.\nDefendant\u2019s probation officer had received information that defendant was growing marijuana. Accompanied by several deputy sheriffs, he proceeded to search the fields behind defendant\u2019s house. Such a search is constitutional under the \u201copen fields\u201d doctrine, which allows police officers to enter and search a field without a warrant. Hester v. United States, 265 U.S. 57, 44 S.Ct. 445, 68 L.Ed. 898 (1924); State v. Simmons, 66 N.C. App. 402, 311 S.E. 2d 357 (1984). As the officers were returning along a footpath to the house, they passed the open outbuilding, and one of the deputy sheriffs, glancing in, saw what looked like several marijuana plants lying on a bale of hay. This discovery was proper pursuant to the \u201cplain view\u201d doctrine, and had the deputy sheriff so desired, he could have lawfully seized the plants at that moment, since all three requirements for a \u201cplain view\u201d seizure were met. Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 91 S.Ct. 2022, 29 L.Ed. 2d 564, rehearing denied, 404 U.S. 874, 92 S.Ct. 26, 30 L.Ed. 2d 120 (1971); State v. Prevette, 43 N.C. App. 450, 259 S.E. 2d 595 (1979), disc. rev. denied, 299 N.C. 124, 261 S.E. 2d 925 (1980), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 906 (1980).\nThe officers, however, did not seize the plants at that time. Instead, they proceeded to the house and obtained the consent of defendant\u2019s wife to search. Her consent was lawfully given since she was in possession of the premises and \u201cher common authority was apparent to the officer who approached the front door and indicated his purpose for being there.\u201d State v. Carter, 56 N.C. App. 435, 437, 289 S.E. 2d 46, 47, disc. rev. denied, 305 N.C. 761, 292 S.E. 2d 576 (1982).\nThus, all defendant\u2019s exceptions to the search and seizure of the poppy plants are without merit. The officers, pursuant to information they had received, had a lawful right to be on the premises; their discovery of the plants met all \u201cplain view\u201d requirements; and the consent of defendant\u2019s wife was lawful, thus rendering moot any arguments based on curtilage or lack of a warrant.\nDefendant\u2019s second assignment of error is to the trial court\u2019s admission of testimony concerning the contemporaneous seizure of marijuana from the outbuilding. He contends that this evidence was prejudicial because it tended to show \u201chis bad character or propensity to involve himself with controlled substances.\u201d We find no merit in this argument. One of the officers testified that it was the marijuana plants that attracted his attention and not the poppy plants, which at the time he could not identify. That being the case, the testimony regarding the marijuana plants was necessary to explain the actions of the law enforcement officers with respect to the poppy. Additionally, defendant has not shown a reasonable likelihood that a different result would have been obtained had this testimony be.en excluded.\nDefendant had a fair trial free from prejudicial error.\nNo error.\nJudges BECTON and PARKER concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "HEDRICK, Chief Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General John F. Maddrey, for the State.",
      "Appellate Defender Adam Stein, by Assistant Appellate Defender Gordon Widenhouse, for defendant, appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOE RAY GRINDSTAFF\nNo. 8524SC194\n(Filed 15 October 1985)\nSearches and Seizures \u00a7\u00a7 3, 16\u2014 seizure of plants from outbuilding \u2014 open fields doctrine \u2014plain view doctrine \u2014 consent by defendant\u2019s wife\nOfficers lawfully seized marijuana and opium poppy plants from a building twenty-three feet from defendant\u2019.s house where defendant\u2019s probation officer had received information that defendant was growing marijuana; the probation officer and several deputies lawfully searched the fields behind defendant\u2019s house under the \u201copen fields\u201d doctrine; while the officers were returning to the house, a deputy looked through the open door of the building and saw what appeared to be marijuana plants, and the plants thus could have been seized under the \u201cplain view\u201d doctrine; and officers proceeded to the house and lawfully obtained the consent of defendant\u2019s wife to search the premises before they returned to the building and seized the marijuana and poppy plants.\nAPPEAL by defendant from Lamm, Judge. Judgment entered 4 October 1984 in Superior Court, MITCHELL County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 25 September 1985.\nDefendant was properly indicted on a charge of manufacture of a controlled substance. The State\u2019s evidence tends to show the following facts: On 25 July 1983 defendant\u2019s probation officer and several deputy sheriffs visited defendant\u2019s home while he was at work. They knocked on the door, received no answer, and followed a path to the fields behind defendant\u2019s house, searching for marijuana. Twenty to thirty minutes later they headed back to the house, passing a small building located twenty-three feet from the house. As they passed the open door of the building, one of the deputies glanced in and saw what appeared to be marijuana on top of a pile of hay.\nThe men returned to the house and defendant\u2019s wife answered their knock. They requested and received permission to search the premises. When they returned to the small building they found a marijuana plant and three opium poppies.\nPrior to trial defendant moved to suppress the poppy plants as the fruit of an illegal search. The motion was denied, and after a jury trial, defendant was found guilty of possession of a controlled substance. From judgment entered on the verdict, defendant appealed.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General John F. Maddrey, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Adam Stein, by Assistant Appellate Defender Gordon Widenhouse, for defendant, appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0467-01",
  "first_page_order": 499,
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