{
  "id": 8521422,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOHN MAYNARD, JR.",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Maynard",
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  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Chief Judge Hedrick and Judge Johnson concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOHN MAYNARD, JR."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WHICHARD, Judge.\nAn automobile owner entrusted her vehicle to defendant for repairs and painting. She instructed that defendant was not to drive the vehicle for his personal use. Defendant nevertheless commenced a trip to Texas during which the vehicle \u201cbroke down\u201d and was \u201cscrapped.\u201d\nThe State indicted defendant for conversion by bailee in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-168.1. Following the State\u2019s evidence at trial defendant withdrew his plea of not guilty and the State accepted a plea of guilty of unauthorized use of a motor vehicle in violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-72.2. The court imposed a sentence of two years imprisonment. It suspended the sentence and placed defendant on supervised probation for five years. As a regular condition of probation, N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1343, the court ordered defendant to pay $2,507.90 as restitution to the owner of the vehicle. It arrived at this figure by adding to the purchase price the amount the owner had invested in repairs and restoration and by subtracting from the result the sum the owner had received from her insurer for loss of the vehicle.\nDefendant\u2019s sole contention is that \u201c[t]he amount of restitution ... is not supported by the evidence, constitutes a penalty or punishment [,] and is therefore excessive as a matter of law.\u201d We hold that the measure of damages used to determine the amount of restitution does not accord with the statutory definition of restitution, and that the restitution condition of defendant\u2019s probation thus must be vacated.\nRestitution as a condition of probation is controlled by statute. N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1343(d). The amount of restitution \u201cmust be limited to that supported by the record.\u201d Id. Restitution is defined as \u201ccompensation for damages or loss as could ordinarily be recovered by an aggrieved party in a civil action.\u201d Id. The measure of damages in a civil action for the tortious destruction of personal property is the fair market value or reasonable worth of the property at the time and place of destruction. Hart v. R.R., 144 N.C. 91, 92, 56 S.E. 559 (1907); Beaufort and Morehead Railroad Co. v. The Damyank, 122 F. Supp. 82, 84 (E.D.N.C. 1954). See also R.R. v. Houtz, 186 N.C. 46, 49, 118 S.E. 850, 851 (1923); Newsom v. Cothrane, 185 N.C. 161, 162, 116 S.E. 415, 416 (1923); D. Dobbs, Remedies Sec. 5.10 (1973). This measure is a corollary to the more familiar principle that the measure of damages for injury to personal property is the difference between market value immediately before and immediately after the injury. E.g. Kaplan v. City of Winston-Salem, 286 N.C. 80, 83, 209 S.E. 2d 743, 746 (1974); Roberts v. Freight Carriers, 273 N.C. 600, 606, 160 S.E. 2d 712, 717 (1968). It follows that the measure of damages for property which is destroyed and thus lacks market value is its fair market value immediately prior to destruction.\nThe owner here testified that the vehicle was \u201ctotaled\u201d and was \u201cin the salvage yard in Georgia.\u201d The vehicle thus, in effect, was destroyed, and the measure of damages the owner could recover in a civil action was its fair market value immediately prior to destruction. As noted, the court arrived at its restitution figure by adding to the purchase price the amount the owner had invested in repairs and restoration and subtracting from the result the sum the owner had received from her insurer. Since this measure did not reflect fair market value or reasonable worth at the time of the vehicle\u2019s destruction, it did not accord with the statutory definition of restitution for probation purposes and the court erred in applying it.\nWhen asked \u201cthe approximate fair market value of [the] vehicle,\u201d the owner testified: \u201cI paid thirteen hundred for it.\u201d When asked \u201cdo you have any other knowledge as to the value of your car other than the price you paid for it,\u201d she testified: \u201cNo, I don\u2019t, except what the insurance company gave me for it.\u201d She further testified that the insurer paid her $1,500.00 for the vehicle. There was no other evidence of the fair market value or reasonable worth of the vehicle at the time of its destruction. The court thus could have based restitution as a condition of probation only on this evidence.\nThe record establishes that the insurer has paid the owner the largest figure representing fair market value contained in the evidence. N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1343(d) provides that \u201cno third party shall benefit by way of restitution or reparation as a result of the liability of that third party to pay indemnity to an aggrieved party for the damage or loss caused by the defendant.\u201d The court thus cannot order defendant to pay restitution to the insurer. See State v. Stanley, 79 N.C. App. 379, 339 S.E. 2d 668 (1986) (filed simultaneously herewith).\nN.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1343(d), as it read when the order was entered, was unclear as to whether a defendant could be ordered to pay restitution to the aggrieved party even though the aggrieved party had previously received the sum from a third party. The 1985 General Assembly amended the statute, however, to read as follows:\n[N]o third party shall benefit by way of restitution or reparation as a result of the liability of that third party to pay indemnity to an aggrieved party for the damage or loss caused by the defendant, but the liability of a third party to pay indemnity to an aggrieved party or any payment of indemnity actually made by a third party to an aggrieved party does not prohibit or limit in any way the power of the court to require the defendant to make complete and full restitution or reparation to the aggrieved party for the total amount of the damage or loss caused by the defendant.\n1985 N.C. Sess. Laws, ch. 474 (language added by amendment emphasized by the Court). \u201cIn construing a statute with reference to an amendment it is presumed that the legislature intended either (a) to change the substance of the original act, or (b) to clarify the meaning of it.\u201d Childers v. Parker\u2019s, Inc., 274 N.C. 256, 260, 162 S.E. 2d 481, 483 (1968); see also Desk Co. v. Clayton, Comr. of Revenue, 8 N.C. App. 452, 458, 174 S.E. 2d 619, 623 (1970). We believe the legislative purpose in enacting the foregoing amendment to N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-1343(d) was to clarify the original act rather than to change its substance. We thus hold that while the court erred in ordering defendant to pay the aggrieved party a sum that did not accord with the statutory definition of restitution, it may order him to pay her a sum no higher than the largest figure contained in the evidence representing fair market value, viz, the $1,500.00 paid to her by her insurer.\nAccordingly, the restitution condition of defendant\u2019s probation is vacated, and the cause is remanded for entry of an appropriate condition consistent with this opinion.\nCondition of probation vacated; remanded for entry of an appropriate condition.\nChief Judge Hedrick and Judge Johnson concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WHICHARD, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Thornburg, by Associate Attorney General J. Mark Payne, for the State.",
      "Robert U. Johnsen for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOHN MAYNARD, JR.\nNo. 855SC650\n(Filed 18 February 1986)\n1. Trover and Conversion \u00a7 4; Criminal Law \u00a7 142.4\u2014 destruction of vehicle \u2014 amount of restitution to owner improper\nIn a prosecution for conversion of a vehicle by a bailee, the trial court erred in ordering defendant to pay $2,607.90 as restitution to the owner of the vehicle as a condition of probation where the court arrived at that figure by adding to the purchase price the amount the owner had invested in repairs and restoration and by subtracting from the result the sum the owner had received from her insurer for loss of the vehicle, since the amount of restitution should have been the fair market value or reasonable worth at the time of the vehicle\u2019s destruction.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 142.3\u2014 destruction of vehicle \u2014 no restitution to insurer \u2014 restitution to owner proper\nThough the trial court could not order defendant to pay restitution to the insurer who had paid a vehicle owner its market value at the time of its destruction, the court could order defendant to pay the vehicle owner a sum no higher than the largest figure contained in the evidence representing fair market value, $1,500 paid to her by her insurer, and defendant could be ordered to pay restitution to the aggrieved party even though she had previously received the sum from a third party. N.C.G.S. \u00a7 15A-1343(d).\nAppeal by defendant from Collier, Judge. Judgment entered 16 October 1984 in Superior Court, New HANOVER County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 30 October 1985.\nAttorney General Thornburg, by Associate Attorney General J. Mark Payne, for the State.\nRobert U. Johnsen for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0451-01",
  "first_page_order": 479,
  "last_page_order": 482
}
