{
  "id": 8524857,
  "name": "JUANITA J. GATLIN, Plaintiff v. SAMUEL LEE BRAY, MICHAEL HARRINGTON and WAYNE GRIMES, d/b/a CAROLINA BONDING COMPANY, a partnership; SAMUEL LEE BRAY, individually; MICHAEL HARRINGTON, individually; WAYNE GRIMES, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER ONE, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER TWO, individually, Defendants",
  "name_abbreviation": "Gatlin v. Bray",
  "decision_date": "1986-07-01",
  "docket_number": "No. 863SC8",
  "first_page": "639",
  "last_page": "644",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "81 N.C. App. 639"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "298 S.E. 2d 200",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1982,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "202"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "60 N.C. App. 170",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8519816
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "173"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/60/0170-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "182 S.E. 2d 345",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1971,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "279 N.C. 288",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8566776
      ],
      "year": 1971,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/279/0288-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "260 S.E. 2d 611",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1979,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "297 N.C. 715",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "year": 1979,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "176 S.E. 2d 161",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1970,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "167"
        },
        {
          "page": "165"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "277 N.C. 94",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8561932
      ],
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1970,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "104"
        },
        {
          "page": "102"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/277/0094-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "187 S.E. 2d 721",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1972,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "725"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "281 N.C. 48",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8573719
      ],
      "year": 1972,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "56"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/281/0048-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "283 S.E. 2d 507",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "509-10"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "304 N.C. 332",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8567608
      ],
      "year": 1981,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/304/0332-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "277 S.E. 2d 126",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "130-31"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "51 N.C. App. 466",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        2644585
      ],
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "470-72"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/51/0466-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "163 S.E. 2d 761",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1968,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "763-64"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "274 N.C. 416",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8560473
      ],
      "year": 1968,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "419-20"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/274/0416-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "52 S.E. 2d 892",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1949,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "230 N.C. 234",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8629307
      ],
      "year": 1949,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/230/0234-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "68 S.E. 2d 788",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1952,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "235 N.C. 40",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8620681
      ],
      "year": 1952,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/235/0040-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "234 S.E. 2d 518",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "\"The employer is liable if its employee, in performing his duties, adopts a method which constitutes a tort and inflicts an injury upon a third party.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "304 N.C. 585",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8569666
      ],
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "\"The employer is liable if its employee, in performing his duties, adopts a method which constitutes a tort and inflicts an injury upon a third party.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/304/0585-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "279 S.E. 2d 894",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "897",
          "parenthetical": "\"The employer is liable if its employee, in performing his duties, adopts a method which constitutes a tort and inflicts an injury upon a third party.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "52 N.C. App. 688",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        12170704
      ],
      "year": 1981,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "693",
          "parenthetical": "\"The employer is liable if its employee, in performing his duties, adopts a method which constitutes a tort and inflicts an injury upon a third party.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/52/0688-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "94 S.E. 2d 837",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1956,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "838-39",
          "parenthetical": "\"The liability of partners for the torts of the partnership is joint and several.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "244 N.C. 682",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        2219439
      ],
      "year": 1956,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "684",
          "parenthetical": "\"The liability of partners for the torts of the partnership is joint and several.\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/244/0682-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "153 S.E. 2d 804",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1967,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "807",
          "parenthetical": "\"[A]n employer is liable to a third person injured by the wrongful act ... of his employee if, but only if, such act or omission occurred in the course of the employment . . . .\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "270 N.C. 62",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8565265
      ],
      "year": 1967,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "66",
          "parenthetical": "\"[A]n employer is liable to a third person injured by the wrongful act ... of his employee if, but only if, such act or omission occurred in the course of the employment . . . .\""
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/270/0062-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "243 S.E. 2d 894",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1978,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "897"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "295 N.C. 39",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8560959
      ],
      "year": 1978,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "42"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/295/0039-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "254 S.E. 2d 611",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1979,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "615"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "297 N.C. 181",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8568312
      ],
      "year": 1979,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "page": "185"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/297/0181-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 610,
    "char_count": 11365,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.768,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 9.648523150300419e-08,
      "percentile": 0.5279439071544325
    },
    "sha256": "575aeef9f846141a1c6ac06bb5f1f8e335779d8c4cba21e897e53eeca4d99215",
    "simhash": "1:1bea4caa07558abd",
    "word_count": 1837
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:31:13.412578+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges WEBB and Johnson concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "JUANITA J. GATLIN, Plaintiff v. SAMUEL LEE BRAY, MICHAEL HARRINGTON and WAYNE GRIMES, d/b/a CAROLINA BONDING COMPANY, a partnership; SAMUEL LEE BRAY, individually; MICHAEL HARRINGTON, individually; WAYNE GRIMES, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER ONE, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER TWO, individually, Defendants"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WHICHARD, Judge.\nPlaintiff alleges that in the late evening hours of 2 November 1983 Bray and two unidentified males, forcibly and without consent, entered her private residence. Pointing guns, they forced plaintiff out of her bed. They \u201cyelled and cursed and threatened\u201d plaintiff, demanding to know the whereabouts of a fugitive they referred to as \u201cChris Jones.\u201d They searched plaintiff\u2019s apartment, overturning furniture and rummaging through her personal effects.\nIn ruling on a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the allegations of the complaint must be viewed as admitted, and the motion should not be allowed unless the complaint affirmatively shows that plaintiff has no cause of action. Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N.C. 181, 185, 254 S.E. 2d 611, 615 (1979); Grant v. Insurance Co., 295 N.C. 39, 42, 243 S.E. 2d 894, 897 (1978). Plaintiff\u2019s complaint clearly states several causes of action \u2014 inter alia, assault, trespass and intentional infliction of emotional distress \u2014 against Bray and the two unidentified males. The sole question is whether it states any cause of action against defendants Harrington and Grimes [hereinafter defendants] who are not alleged to have been present in plaintiff\u2019s residence at the time of the events which are the subject of the complaint.\nPlaintiff alleges that at the time of these events Bray and defendants were general partners in Carolina Bonding Company and that the two unidentified males were employees of the company. She further alleges that when Bray and the two unidentified males entered her residence and assaulted her they were acting within the scope of their employment and in furtherance of \u201cwhatever duties they were expected to perform.\u201d It is well-settled that partners are jointly and severally liable for the intentional torts of their employees when the acts complained of are committed in the course of the employment. See Wegner v. Delicatessen, 270 N.C. 62, 66, 153 S.E. 2d 804, 807 (1967) (\u201c[A]n employer is liable to a third person injured by the wrongful act ... of his employee if, but only if, such act or omission occurred in the course of the employment . . . .\u201d); Hardy & Newsome, Inc. v. Whedbee, 244 N.C. 682, 684, 94 S.E. 2d 837, 838-39 (1956) (\u201cThe liability of partners for the torts of the partnership is joint and several.\u201d). See also Edwards v. Akion, 52 N.C. App. 688, 693, 279 S.E. 2d 894, 897, affirmed per curiam, 304 N.C. 585, 234 S.E. 2d 518 (1981) (\u201cThe employer is liable if its employee, in performing his duties, adopts a method which constitutes a tort and inflicts an injury upon a third party.\u201d). Similarly, partners are jointly and severally liable for intentional torts committed by a partner in the course and scope of partnership business. Johnson v. Gill, 235 N.C. 40, 68 S.E. 2d 788 (1952); Dwiggins v. Bus Co., 230 N.C. 234, 52 S.E. 2d 892 (1949); N.C. Gen. Stat. 59-43, 45.\nDefendants maintain, however, that plaintiff\u2019s allegations that the actions of Bray and the two unidentified males were for the benefit of Carolina Bonding Company and in furtherance of \u201cwhatever duties they were expected to perform ... as bondsmen and runners for Carolina Bonding Company\u201d are not sufficient to withstand their motions to dismiss. They rely on Clemmons v. Insurance Co., 274 N.C. 416, 419-20, 163 S.E. 2d 761, 763-64 (1968), which states:\nUpon a demurrer to a complaint on the ground that it does not state a cause of action, the allegations of fact, together with all relevant inferences of fact reasonably deducible therefrom, are taken to be true. . . . The question is whether, such being the facts, the plaintiff is entitled to recover from the defendant. The allegations of the complaint are to be liberally construed so as to give the plaintiff the benefit of every reasonable intendment in his favor. . . . Liberal construction, however, does not mean that the court is to read into the complaint allegations which it does not contain. . . . Furthermore, the demurrer does not admit inferences or conclusions of law drawn from the facts alleged in the complaint. . . . The allegation of such a conclusion adds nothing to the allegations of facts upon which it is based, and, therefore, is to be disregarded in determining whether the facts alleged, and admitted by the demurrer, entitle the plaintiff to recover from the defendant. . . .\nObviously, the complaint in this action alleges an assault by Weeks upon the plaintiff. The question is whether it alleges facts giving rise to a cause of action in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant, Weeks\u2019 employer, by reason of this assault.\nIn Terrance, Inc. v. Indemnity Co. .. . an allegation in a complaint that the person executing a contract \u201cwas acting in behalf of and as agent of the plaintiff\u201d was held to be \u201ca mere conclusion unsupported by any allegation of fact.\u201d ... In Skives v. Sample ... a complaint was held subject to demurrer for the reason that it alleged negligence without alleging the facts establishing such negligence ....\nLike negligence, the extent of the course or scope of the employment of an agent or servant is not a fact in itself, but is the legal result of certain facts. Therefore, the plaintiff\u2019s allegation . . . that at all times mentioned in the complaint, Weeks was acting \u201cwithin the course and scope of his employment\u201d as agent of the defendant, is an allegation of a conclusion of the pleader and adds nothing to the facts alleged in the complaint. (Citations omitted.) (Emphasis supplied.)\nDefendants\u2019 reliance on Clemmons is misplaced. In Shugar v. Gill, 51 N.C. App. 466, 470-72, 277 S.E. 2d 126, 130-31, modified and affirmed, 304 N.C. 332, 283 S.E. 2d 507 (1981), this Court applied pleading standards articulated in Clemmons and found the allegations of punitive damages in plaintiff\u2019s complaint insufficient to withstand defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss. The Supreme Court rejected this Court\u2019s reliance on Clemmons and found plaintiff\u2019s complaint sufficient to state a cause of action. It reasoned as follows:\nUnquestionably, under our decisions prior to the adoption of the 1970 Rules of Civil Procedure, plaintiff\u2019s pleadings in this case could not have withstood defendant\u2019s motions to dismiss.\n\u201cBy enactment of G.S. 1A-1, the legislature adopted the \u2018notice theory of pleading.\u2019 \u201d Roberts v. Memorial Park, 281 N.C. 48, 56, 187 S.E. 2d 721, 725 (1972).\nIn our first case which considered the \u201cnotice pleading\u201d theory of the new Rules of Civil Procedure, Justice Sharp (later Chief Justice) wrote:\nA pleading complies with the rule if it gives sufficient notice of the events or transactions which produced the claim to enable the adverse party to understand the nature of it and the basis for it, to file a responsive pleading, and \u2014by using the rules provided for obtaining pretrial discovery \u2014to get any additional information he may need to prepare for trial.\nSutton v. Duke, 277 N.C. 94, 104, 176 S.E. 2d 161, 167 (1970). Accord: Presnell v. Pell, 297 N.C. 715, 260 S.E. 2d 611 (1979); Brewer v. Harris, 279 N.C. 288, 182 S.E. 2d 345 (1971).\nIn instant case, the Court of Appeals held that the complaint did not state a claim for punitive damages. . . . [T]he Court of Appeals . . . concluded that this Court intended to follow the general rules laid down in cases involving punitive damages which predated the 1970 Rules of Civil Procedure. We do not agree.\nHere under the \u201cnotice pleading\u201d theory there was sufficient information in the complaint from which defendant could take notice and be apprised of \u201cthe events and transactions which produce the claim to enable [him] to understand the nature of it and the basis for it.\u201d\nShugar, 304 N.C. at 336-38, 283 S.E. 2d at 509-10.\nThus, the standards articulated in Clemmons regarding the pleading of a claim based on respondeat superior are no longer applicable. With the adoption of \u201cnotice pleading,\u201d mere vagueness or lack of detail is no longer ground for allowing a motion to dismiss. Sutton v. Duke, 277 N.C. 94, 102, 176 S.E. 2d 161, 165 (1970). \u201cPleadings comply with our present concept of notice pleading if the allegations in the complaint give defendant sufficient notice of the nature and basis of plaintiffs\u2019 claim to file an answer, and the face of the complaint shows no insurmountable bar to recovery.\u201d Rose v. Guilford Co., 60 N.C. App. 170, 173, 298 S.E. 2d 200, 202 (1982).\nWe find plaintiff\u2019s complaint, judged by the notice pleading standard, sufficient to withstand defendants\u2019 motions to dismiss. The facts alleged are adequate to give defendants sufficient notice of the nature and basis of plaintiff\u2019s claim, and no insurmountable bar to recovery is presented on the face of the complaint. Thus, the order dismissing plaintiff\u2019s action for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted as to defendants, individually and doing business as Carolina Bonding Company, is\nReversed.\nJudges WEBB and Johnson concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WHICHARD, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Steven E. Lacy for plaintiff appellant.",
      "Gaylord, Singleton, McNally, Strickland & Snyder, by L. W. Gaylord, Jr. and Vernon G. Snyder III, for defendant appellee Michael Harrington.",
      "Howard, Browning, Sams & Poole, by Myron T. Hill, Jr., for defendant appellee Wayne Grimes."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "JUANITA J. GATLIN, Plaintiff v. SAMUEL LEE BRAY, MICHAEL HARRINGTON and WAYNE GRIMES, d/b/a CAROLINA BONDING COMPANY, a partnership; SAMUEL LEE BRAY, individually; MICHAEL HARRINGTON, individually; WAYNE GRIMES, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER ONE, individually; JOHN DOE NUMBER TWO, individually, Defendants\nNo. 863SC8\n(Filed 1 July 1986)\nMaster and Servant \u00a7 33; Rules of Civil Procedure \u00a7 12\u2014 bail bondsmen \u2014 allegations of false imprisonment and other torts \u2014 complaint sufficient\nThe trial court erred by granting defendants\u2019 motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted where plaintiff alleged that defendants Harrington and Grimes were liable individually and as a partnership for a false imprisonment and other torts committed by defendant Bray and two unidentified men acting in the course of their employment; the facts alleged were adequate to give defendants sufficient notice of the nature and basis of plaintiffs claim and no insurmountable bar to recovery was presented on the face of the complaint.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Reid, Judge. Order entered 24 September 1985 in Superior Court, Pitt County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 May 1986.\nPlaintiff brought suit to recover compensatory and punitive damages for an assault upon her by defendant Samuel Lee Bray and two unidentified white males. Plaintiff also sought damages for false imprisonment, trespass, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. She named as defendants Samuel Lee Bray, Michael Harrington, and Wayne Grimes, individually and doing business as Carolina Bonding Company, a partnership, and two unidentified white males, John Doe number one and John Doe number two, individually.\nPursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(6), defendants Bray, Harrington and Grimes moved to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. The court denied the motion of Bray, individually and doing business as Carolina Bonding Company, but allowed the motions of Harrington and Grimes, individually and doing business as Carolina Bonding Company. Plaintiff appeals.\nSteven E. Lacy for plaintiff appellant.\nGaylord, Singleton, McNally, Strickland & Snyder, by L. W. Gaylord, Jr. and Vernon G. Snyder III, for defendant appellee Michael Harrington.\nHoward, Browning, Sams & Poole, by Myron T. Hill, Jr., for defendant appellee Wayne Grimes."
  },
  "file_name": "0639-01",
  "first_page_order": 663,
  "last_page_order": 668
}
