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  "name": "CALVIN B. GIBSON v. PHILIP D. LAMBETH, Individually and as Commissioner in Civil Action No. 82CVD3834, and VERSAILLES CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, a North Carolina Corporation",
  "name_abbreviation": "Gibson v. Lambeth",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges Arnold and Parker concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "CALVIN B. GIBSON v. PHILIP D. LAMBETH, Individually and as Commissioner in Civil Action No. 82CVD3834, and VERSAILLES CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, a North Carolina Corporation"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "JOHNSON, Judge.\nPlaintiffs Assignment of Error raises the issue of whether the trial court erred by concluding as a matter of law that no issue exists as to any material fact to support plaintiffs motion for summary judgment, and that defendant is entitled to summary judgment. We find no merit to plaintiffs Assignment of Error.\nThe trial judge\u2019s role in ruling on a motion for summary judgment is to determine, based on the parties\u2019 pleadings and affidavits, whether any material issues of fact exist that require trial. If the only issues to be decided are issues of law, then summary judgment is proper. Wachovia Mortgage Co. v. Autry-Barker-Spurrier Real Estate, Inc., 39 N.C. App. 1, 3-4, 249 S.E. 2d 727, 729 (1978), aff\u2019d, 297 N.C. 696, 256 S.E. 2d 688 (1979). The burden is on the movant to show the lack of any triable issue of fact. North Carolina National Bank v. Gillespie, 291 N.C. 303, 230 S.E. 2d 375 (1976). We find that the trial court properly granted summary judgment in defendant\u2019s favor.\nPlaintiffs complaint alleged, inter alia, that defendant was negligent in failing to comply with the court order to sell the property subject to \u201cany unpaid deeds of trust\u201d predating defendant Association\u2019s lien filed 20 January 1981 and by not searching the title to the condominium. That search, argues plaintiff, would have revealed that Virginia Mortgage Corporation\u2019s lien was filed prior to North Carolina Federal\u2019s lien. Plaintiff further alleged that defendant Lambeth misrepresented to plaintiff that the property would be subject only to the North Carolina Federal lien, that such misrepresentation induced plaintiff to purchase the condominium to his detriment, and that such misrepresentation was grossly negligent.\nPlaintiff argues that the rule of caveat emptor, whereby the purchaser buys property at his own risk, does not apply to a court ordered commissioner\u2019s sale. He argues that a commissioner\u2019s sale is distinguishable from an execution sale, to which caveat emptor applies. If, as plaintiff urges, caveat emptor does not apply to the case sub judice, then he is entitled to an order to rescind the contract and receive his purchase price. We must decide whether caveat emptor applies and, if so, what are the consequences.\nIn Shields v. Allen, 77 N.C. 375 (1877), cited by plaintiff as controlling, the North Carolina Supreme Court stated the following:\nThe plaintiff, however, contends that the purchaser took the risk of getting a title, and must pay his bid, although it happens that he gets no title, just as a purchaser at an execution sale must.\nThere is no doubt but that such is the law of execution sales. It is equally clear that when a court orders a sale of a particular piece of land for partition or any other purpose, it offers to sell a good title, and will not compel a purchaser to complete his purchase by payment of the price if it appears that a good title cannot be made, except when the sale is expressly or by implication stated to be merely of the estate of a person named, as on the foreclosure of a mortgage, or of some other certain and definite estate or right.\nShields, supra, at 376-78. (Emphasis in original.)\nThere is little question in the case sub judice that the trial court ordered the sale of property and not merely of the estate of a named person. Therefore, under Shields, supra, it would seem that the court in the case sub judice offered to sell good title, and should not compel plaintiff to complete the purchase where good title was not conveyed.\nHowever, the North Carolina Supreme Court in Ellis v. Adderton, 88 N.C. 472 (1883), limited the holding in Shields, supra, to innocent purchasers, and questioned the distinction between court ordered sales of land and of an estate in land:\nIn Shields v. Allen, 77 N.C. 375, it is declared that when a commissioner acting under a judicial order sells the land and the purchaser acquires no title; he may have the contract rescinded, and any money he may have paid restored, because of his confidence in the results of a supposed judicial inquiry and determination; but that it is otherwise when the sale is of the estate of the persons named, and then the purchaser takes at his own risk.\nAssuming the propriety of this nice distinction between a sale of land and estate in the land in their consequences, questionable at least, the ruling in the case has reference to an innocent purchaser, who bids for and buys the land under the impression that he thereby will acquire the title, a mistake into which he is led without the means of prompt correction. But it cannot be applicable to a case where the purchaser is in possession of full information of the facts, and is in express terms told that he will get only the interest. . . [in the property for sale] and voluntarily, with this knowledge, bids, enters into the contract, and executes his several notes for the different sums of purchase money.\nEllis, supra, at 476 (emphasis supplied).\nThe facts in the case sub judice are in line with the limitation placed on Shields, supra, by Ellis, supra\u2022 plaintiff in this case was on notice, before and during the sale, that the condominium was being sold subject to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust and \u201cany unpaid deeds of trust\u201d; plaintiff was familiar with sales of real property and the need to search titles, but failed to inquire of defendant commissioner as to whether title to the condominium had been searched; despite this knowledge, plaintiff voluntarily entered into the contract to purchase. Considering the holding in Shields, supra, in light of the limitation placed on it by Ellis, supra, we now hold that plaintiff was not an innocent purchaser of the kind contemplated in Shields and Ellis, and was therefore subject to caveat emptor, and is bound by the purchase as entered into.\nPlaintiff next argues that defendant is liable to plaintiff for recklessly misrepresenting the number of liens against the condominium, inducing plaintiffs reliance to his detriment. We find no merit to defendant\u2019s argument.\nPlaintiff claims essentially that defendant\u2019s representation that the condominium was subject to only one deed of trust, although admittedly made without actual knowledge of \u201cfalsity,\u201d was made with reckless disregard for the truth. He cites Brickell v. Collins, 44 N.C. App. 707, 262 S.E. 2d 387, disc. rev. denied, 300 N.C. 194, 269 S.E. 2d 622 (1980), as controlling. Plaintiffs reliance on Brickell, supra, is misplaced. That case dealt with a claim of fraud on the part of a vendor of real property. Plaintiff in the case sub judice concedes in his brief that defendant Lambeth did not have any actual knowledge that his representations about the sale of the condominium were false. False representation or concealment of a material fact is an essential element in a claim for fraud. Brickell, supra, at 710, 262 S.E. 2d at 389. Plaintiff quotes the following language from Brickell supra: \u201c[g]uilty knowledge will be implied from a statement made by a vendor who affirms a material fact which he does not know to be true.\u201d Id. at 711, 262 S.E. 2d at 390. Plaintiff implies from this language that defendant Lambeth is liable for fraud since he told plaintiff that the property was subject only to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust and not to the earlier Virginia Mortgage Corporation deed of trust. We disagree. The record before this Court tends to show that defendant Lambeth never represented to plaintiff that the North Carolina Federal deed of trust was the only lien against the property, but rather notified the plaintiff that the property was being sold subject to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust and \u201cany unpaid deeds of trust.\u201d We find no misrepresentation, either express or implied, by defendant Lambeth on the facts before us in his role as commissioner during the sale of the condominium.\nIn addition, plaintiff makes the following arguments. First, that he reasonably relied on defendant Lambeth\u2019s alleged misrepresentations to his detriment, and that defendant is thereby liable for plaintiffs damages. Because we find that defendant did not misrepresent any material facts to plaintiff, we find plaintiffs argument as to his alleged reliance meritless. Secondly, plaintiff argues that defendant Lambeth did not fully comply with the court order of sale because the amount of the acceptable minimum bid allegedly included an amount to pay a lien filed subsequent to the defendant Association\u2019s dues assessment lien. No authority is cited in plaintiffs argument in violation of Rule 28(b)(5), N.C. Rules App. P\u201e and addresses an issue beyond plaintiffs claims of misrepresentation and negligence raised in his complaint. We find plaintiffs argument meritless. Thirdly, plaintiff argues that defendant Lambeth is liable on the basis of \u201cordinary negligence.\u201d Plaintiffs argument in his brief consists of a statement that the basis of liability for ordinary negligence is supported by Restatement fSecond) of Torts s. 522 (1965), and then cites the section. No argument is made in support of plaintiffs claim. We find no merit to plaintiffs contention.\nLastly, plaintiff argues that defendant Lambeth failed to comply with G.S. 1-339.15 and the court order of sale. We disagree.\nG.S. 1-339.15, which directs the public sale of land, states that:\nThe notice of public sale shall\n(1) Refer to the order authorizing the sale;\n(2) Designate the date, hour and place of sale;\n(3) Describe real property to be sold, by reference or otherwise, sufficiently to identify it, and may add such further description as will acquaint bidders with the nature and location of the property;\n(4) Describe personal property to be sold sufficiently to indicate its nature and quantity, and may add such further description as will acquaint bidders with the nature of the property;\n(5) State the terms of the sale, specifying the amount of the cash deposit, if any, to be made by the highest bidder at the sale; and\n(6) Include any other provisions required by the order of sale to be included therein.\nThe trial court\u2019s order of sale, as alleged by plaintiff in his complaint, states that the order:\n(a) granted judgment in favor of Versailles for the sum of $378.55 and court costs including an attorney fee for the Defendant Lambeth;\n(b) appointed the Defendant Lambeth as commissioner to sell Unit 2610-B at public auction after due notice as required by Statute;\n(c) directed that the property, as a part of the terms of sale, be sold subject to \u2018any unpaid deeds of trust predating\u2019 the Versailles lien.\nThe record before this Court shows that defendant Lambeth published notice of the public sale of the condominium four separate times, and included in those notices that the sale was subject to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust. Notice was posted on the bulletin board in the Mecklenburg County Courthouse. No notice was posted or published stating that the condominium was being sold subject only to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust. Defendant Lambeth made the same representations to plaintiff by telephone and during conversation immediately before the public sale. The evidence does not show that he ever represented to plaintiff that the sale was subject only to the North Carolina Federal deed of trust. We find that defendant Lambeth fully complied with G.S. 1-339.15 and the court order of sale. We hold that based on the forecast of evidence from the record before this Court, the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of defendant Lambeth.\nAffirmed.\nJudges Arnold and Parker concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "JOHNSON, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Parker Whedon, for plaintiff appellant.",
      "Golding, Crews, Meekins & Gordon, by John C. Golding and Andrew W. Lax, for defendant appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "CALVIN B. GIBSON v. PHILIP D. LAMBETH, Individually and as Commissioner in Civil Action No. 82CVD3834, and VERSAILLES CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, a North Carolina Corporation\nNo. 8726SC39\n(Filed 7 July 1987)\n1. Judicial Sales \u00a7 4\u2014 commissioner\u2019s sale \u2014liens against property \u2014 application of caveat emptor\nThere was no merit to plaintiffs contention that the rule of caveat emptor did not apply to a court ordered commissioner\u2019s sale, since plaintiff was on notice before and during the sale that the condominium was being sold subject to a particular deed of trust and \u201cany unpaid deeds of trust\u201d; plaintiff was familiar with sales of real property and the need to search titles, but failed to inquire of defendant commissioner as to whether title to the condominium had been searched; despite this knowledge, plaintiff voluntarily entered into the contract to purchase; and plaintiff therefore was not an innocent purchaser and was subject to caveat emptor.\n2. Fraud \u00a7 4; Judicial Sales 8 4\u2014 commissioner\u2019s sale \u2014liens against property \u2014no knowledge of misrepresentation \u2014 no showing of fraud\nPlaintiffs claim of fraud in a court ordered commissioner\u2019s sale must fail where plaintiff conceded that defendant did not have any actual knowledge that his representations about the number of liens against a condominium were false, and false representation of a material fact is an essential element in a claim for fraud; furthermore, defendant never represented to plaintiff that a particular deed of trust was the only lien against the property, but rather notified plaintiff that the property was being sold subject to the named deed of trust and \u201cany unpaid deeds of trust.\u201d\n3. Judicial Sales \u00a7 2\u2014 compliance with notice requirements\nDefendant fully complied with N.C.G.S. \u00a7 1-339.15 regarding the notice requirements for the public sale of a condominium.\nAPPEAL by plaintiff from Snepp, Judge. Order entered 25 September 1985 in Superior Court, Mecklenburg County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 3 June 1987.\nThis is a civil action to recover alleged damages from plaintiffs purchase of a condominium at a commissioner\u2019s foreclosure sale. The trial court granted defendant Commissioner Lambeth\u2019s motion for summary judgment, and plaintiff appealed from that order to this Court. By an Opinion filed 17 June 1986, this Court dismissed plaintiffs appeal as interlocutory since the order appealed from was not final as to plaintiffs claim against defendant Versailles Condominium Association (Association). A consent judgment was entered dismissing all claims against defendant Association. Plaintiff now appeals from the initial order denying his motion for summary judgment and granting defendant Lambeth\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\nOn 20 January 1982, defendant Association filed a claim of lien against Versailles Condominium Unit #2610-G owned by David M. McKinnon for unpaid monthly assessments. On 22 April 1982, defendant Lambeth, representing defendant Association as attorney, filed an action in the Mecklenburg County District Court against David M. McKinnon to foreclose on the lien due to unpaid monthly assessments, and for an order directing the sale of the condominium to satisfy the indebtedness. On 1 July 1982, the Mecklenburg County District Court entered a default judgment and order of sale granting judgment in favor of defendant Association, appointing defendant Lambeth as commissioner to sell the condominium at public auction, and directing the property to be sold subject to \u201cany unpaid deeds of trusts\u201d predating defendant Association\u2019s lien.\nOn 12 July 1982, defendant Lambeth, pursuant to the court order, posted a \u201cNotice of Sale of Real Property\u201d on the bulletin board at the Mecklenburg County Courthouse. As directed by the court, the notice stated that the sale was to be made \u201csubject to the lien of that certain deed of trust in favor of North Carolina Federal Savings and Loan Association\u201d listed in the Mecklenburg County Register of Deeds. Notices of sale for the condominium were also published four times in the Mecklenburg Times from 16 July to 6 August 1982. No notices were posted or published stating that the condominium was being sold subject only to the above mentioned lien.\nA few days prior to the sale, plaintiff telephoned defendant Lambeth inquiring about the condominium. Plaintiff was experienced with purchasing real estate, and was familiar with title searches. Plaintiff did not inquire of defendant during that call whether the title had been searched, but, in his deposition, admitted assuming that it had been done. Neither plaintiff nor defendant Lambeth searched the title. Defendant Lambeth did not tell plaintiff that he had searched the title, nor that he had had the title searched by someone in his law office prior to the sale. In his deposition, defendant Lambeth stated that \u201cI do not know how I came to know the book and page of the deed of trust from North Carolina Federal. I could either have done that by going to the Register of Deeds and checking the grantor/grantee index or I could have been told that by David Douglas [the realtor for whom defendant Lambeth began collection proceedings against the owner of the condominium]. I do not recall which.\u201d\nOn 16 August 1982, defendant Lambeth conducted the public sale of the condominium. Plaintiff was the sole bidder with a bid of $2,900.00. Defendant Lambeth stated that immediately prior to the sale he again told plaintiff that the condominium was being sold pursuant to the North Carolina Federal Deed of Trust. Plaintiff stated in his deposition that he assumed the $2,900.00 included the cost for a title search by defendant Lambeth, and that \u201cI didn\u2019t ask him, and he didn\u2019t say, that the legal cost included certification of title.\u201d\nFollowing the sale, defendant executed and delivered to plaintiff a deed for the condominium which deed noted that the sale was subject to \u201can outstanding deed of trust in favor of North Carolina Federal Savings and Loan Association.\u201d\nOn 25 October 1982, defendant Lambeth notified plaintiff that an outstanding deed of trust against the condominium was discovered that predated the North Carolina Federal Deed of Trust, as well as a federal tax lien for several thousand dollars. The prior deed of trust was dated 28 January 1981 and filed 5 February 1981 in favor of Virginia Mortgage Corporation for $5,134.00. In December of 1982, Virginia Mortgage Corporation foreclosed on its deed of trust resulting in a sale of the condominium to the corporation, and extinguishing plaintiffs interest in the property. On 9 September 1983, plaintiff filed his complaint for judgment in the amount of $8,869.00 against defendants Lambeth and Association, claiming, inter alia, damages based on defendant Lambeth\u2019s alleged gross negligence and oral and written misrepresentations. From an order granting summary judgment for defendant Lam-beth subsequent to a consent judgment dismissing all claims against defendant Association, plaintiff appeals.\nParker Whedon, for plaintiff appellant.\nGolding, Crews, Meekins & Gordon, by John C. Golding and Andrew W. Lax, for defendant appellee."
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