{
  "id": 8520711,
  "name": "JAMES HOWARD WIGGINS v. PARAMOUNT MOTOR SALES, INCORPORATED and SPALDIN ALLISON, t/d/b/a ALLISON'S DITCHING & SEPTIC TANK SERVICES",
  "name_abbreviation": "Wiggins v. Paramount Motor Sales, Inc.",
  "decision_date": "1988-03-01",
  "docket_number": "No. 8730SC613",
  "first_page": "119",
  "last_page": "123",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "89 N.C. App. 119"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "290 S.E. 2d 708",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "305 N.C. 307",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8569570,
        8569636,
        8569595,
        8569660,
        8569693
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/305/0307-01",
        "/nc/305/0307-03",
        "/nc/305/0307-02",
        "/nc/305/0307-04",
        "/nc/305/0307-05"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "284 S.E. 2d 684",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "55 N.C. App. 33",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8526648
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/55/0033-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "113 S.E. 2d 553",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1960,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "252 N.C. 283",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8621188
      ],
      "year": 1960,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/252/0283-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 20-163",
      "category": "laws:leg_statute",
      "reporter": "N.C. Gen. Stat.",
      "year": 1983,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "301 S.E. 2d 520",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1983,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "driveway accident"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "61 N.C. App. 711",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8523880
      ],
      "year": 1983,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "driveway accident"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/61/0711-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "145 S.E. 2d 316",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1965,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "construction site accident"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "266 N.C. 164",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8559890
      ],
      "year": 1965,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "construction site accident"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/266/0164-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "158 S.E. 2d 72",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1967,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "accident at loading ramp of a warehouse"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "272 N.C. 190",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8571900
      ],
      "year": 1967,
      "pin_cites": [
        {
          "parenthetical": "accident at loading ramp of a warehouse"
        }
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/272/0190-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "360 S.E. 2d 796",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "weight": 2,
      "year": 1987,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "320 N.C. 729",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        4725187
      ],
      "year": 1987,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/320/0729-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "298 S.E. 2d 69",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "59 N.C. App. 633",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8527090
      ],
      "year": 1982,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/59/0633-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "277 S.E. 2d 816",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1981,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "52 N.C. App. 139",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        12170072
      ],
      "year": 1981,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/52/0139-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "231 S.E. 2d 678",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1977,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "291 N.C. 666",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8558910
      ],
      "year": 1977,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/291/0666-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 533,
    "char_count": 8782,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.821,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 7.189145069632815e-08,
      "percentile": 0.43022083526877436
    },
    "sha256": "28c875e2ec1bf1b5fc333de13035458a2321c015ca4cd5b507c4742efd456418",
    "simhash": "1:a3610a2c569d9d08",
    "word_count": 1421
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:39:00.818604+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Phillips and Parker concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "JAMES HOWARD WIGGINS v. PARAMOUNT MOTOR SALES, INCORPORATED and SPALDIN ALLISON, t/d/b/a ALLISON\u2019S DITCHING & SEPTIC TANK SERVICES"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WELLS, Judge.\nPlaintiff first contends that the trial court erred in granting defendants\u2019 Motions for a Directed Verdict. We agree as to defendant Allison and award a new trial, but we affirm the trial court\u2019s Order as to defendant Paramount Motor Sales, Inc.\nA Motion for a Directed Verdict under N.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 1A-1, Rule 50(a) of the Rules of Civil Procedure tests the legal sufficiency of the evidence to take the case to the jury and support a verdict for the plaintiff. On such a motion, the plaintiffs evidence must be taken as true and the evidence must be considered in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, giving the plaintiff the benefit of every reasonable inference to be drawn therefrom. A directed verdict for the defendant is not properly allowed unless it appears as a matter of law that a recovery cannot be had by the plaintiff upon any view of the facts that the evidence reasonably tends to establish. Manganello v. Permastone, Inc., 291 N.C. 666, 231 S.E. 2d 678 (1977); Everhart v. LeBrun, 52 N.C. App. 139, 277 S.E. 2d 816 (1981); see also Koonce v. May, 59 N.C. App. 633, 298 S.E. 2d 69 (1982). As our Supreme Court has recently stated, \u201c[0]nly in exceptional cases is it proper to enter a directed verdict . . . against a plaintiff in a negligence case.\u201d Taylor v. Walker, 320 N.C. 729, 360 S.E. 2d 796 (1987). \u201cIssues arising in negligence cases are ordinarily not susceptible of summary adjudication because application of. the prudent man test, or any other applicable standard of care, is generally for the jury.\u201d Id.\nWhether a motor vehicle is being operated on a public highway or elsewhere, the driver must use the care which a reasonable person would use in like circumstances to avoid injury to another. McCall v. Dixie Cartage & Warehouse, Inc., 272 N.C. 190, 158 S.E. 2d 72 (1967) (accident at loading ramp of a warehouse); Bennett v. Young, 266 N.C. 164, 145 S.E. 2d 316 (1965) (construction site accident); see also Speight v. Hinnant, 61 N.C. App. 711, 301 S.E. 2d 520 (1983) (driveway accident).\nN.C. Gen. Stat. \u00a7 20-163 (1983), \u201cUnattended motor vehicles,\u201d provides, in pertinent part: \u201cNo person ... in charge of a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand unattended on a public highway or public vehicular area without first stopping the engine [and] effectively setting the brake . . . .\u201d We cite this statute for the purpose of indicating that due care in the operation of motor vehicles must be exercised in places other than upon public highways. See McCall, supra.\nWe are persuaded that plaintiffs evidence tending to show that defendant Allison left his loaner car, which he knew to be without an emergency brake, parked with the engine running at a relatively high speed near the place where he was conversing with plaintiff was sufficient to take the case to the jury on the issue of whether defendant Allison was negligent in the operation of his loaner car. We therefore order a new trial as to defendant Allison.\nWe note at this point that in his Motion for a Directed Verdict, defendant Allison suggests as a grounds that plaintiff did not sue the right person, since the action was brought against defendant Allison, t/d/b/a Allison\u2019s Ditching & Septic Tank Services. This position is feckless and we reject it without discussion.\nPlaintiff also contends that the trial court erred in granting defendant Paramount Motors\u2019 Motion for a Directed Verdict. We disagree. Even if plaintiffs evidence tended to show that Paramount was negligent in loaning a defective or unsafe car to defendant Allison, see Austin v. Austin, 252 N.C. 283, 113 S.E. 2d 553 (1960); Stilley v. Automobile Enterprises, 55 N.C. App. 33, 284 S.E. 2d 684, cert. denied, 305 N.C. 307, 290 S.E. 2d 708 (1982), there is no evidence that such negligence was a proximate cause of plaintiffs injury. Rather, plaintiffs evidence clearly tends to show that the negligence of defendant Allison in leaving the car unattended with the engine running was the sole proximate cause of plaintiffs injury.\nThe result is:\nAs to defendant Paramount Motors,\nNo error.\nAs to defendant Allison,\nNew trial.\nJudges Phillips and Parker concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WELLS, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Alley, Hyler, Killian, Kersten, Davis & Smathers, by Patrick U Smathers and Robert J. Lopez, for plaintiff-appellant.",
      "Morris, Golding, Phillips & Cloninger, by Thomas R. Bell, Jr., for defendant-appellee Paramount Motor Sales, Inc.",
      "Roberts, Stevens & Cogbum, P.A., by Frank P. Graham and Glenn S. Gentry, for defendant-appellee Spaldin Allison, t/d/b/a Allison\u2019s Ditching & Septic Tank Services."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "JAMES HOWARD WIGGINS v. PARAMOUNT MOTOR SALES, INCORPORATED and SPALDIN ALLISON, t/d/b/a ALLISON\u2019S DITCHING & SEPTIC TANK SERVICES\nNo. 8730SC613\n(Filed 1 March 1988)\n1. Automobiles and Other Vehicles \u00a7 50.3\u2014 negligence in leaving car unattended with motor running\nIn an action to recover for injuries received when plaintiffs vehicle was struck by defendant\u2019s runaway flatbed truck after the truck was struck by defendant\u2019s runaway loaner car, plaintiffs evidence was sufficient for the jury on the issue of defendant\u2019s negligence in leaving the loaner car unattended with the engine running when he knew that the car had transmission problems and a nonfunctional emergency brake.\n2. Automobiles and Other Vehicles \u00a7 68\u2014 loan of defective car not proximate cause of injury\nEven if defendant was negligent in loaning the codefendant a defective or unsafe car while the codefendant\u2019s vehicle was being repaired, the trial court properly directed a verdict for defendant in plaintiffs action where plaintiffs evidence shows that the negligence of the codefendant in leaving the loaner car unattended with the engine running was the sole proximate cause of plaintiffs injury.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Hyatt, J. Marlene, Judge. Judgment and Order entered 19 December 1986 in HAYWOOD County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 December 1987.\nPlaintiff seeks damages for injuries received from the collision of defendant Allison\u2019s runaway flatbed truck with plaintiffs pickup truck while plaintiff was parked in Allison\u2019s business parking lot. Allison\u2019s truck had been dislodged by yet another runaway vehicle, a 1973 Oldsmobile sedan, which had been loaned to him by defendant Paramount Motor Sales, Inc. Alleging various negligence and warranty theories, plaintiff named both Paramount and Allison in his complaint claiming that both were jointly and severally liable. Plaintiff further alleged that Allison acted as an agent for Paramount and that his negligence could therefore be imputed to Paramount.\nThe cause came on for trial 15 December 1986. Plaintiffs evidence tended to show that on Sunday, 5 February 1985, plaintiff sustained bodily injuries from the collision of Allison\u2019s flatbed truck with plaintiffs truck which was parked in Allison\u2019s parking area. Allison had earlier released its emergency brakes and placed its gears in neutral in order to repair the truck\u2019s universal joint. To secure the truck\u2019s position, Allison had placed \u201cscotch\u201d blocks behind the truck\u2019s wheels.\nThe evidence further tended to show that the 1973 Oldsmobile loaned to Allison (while his car was being repaired by Paramount) had transmission problems, which Allison was aware of, and that the emergency brake was nonfunctional. Allison also noticed that the engine was difficult to start and idled at one-third full throttle when cold. Paramount had assured Allison that the Oldsmobile had just been serviced and was \u201cmechanically sound.\u201d\nAround 2:00 p.m. on that Sunday while gasing up the loaner car, Allison left it unattended but in \u201cpark\u201d gear and with the engine running while he answered a phone call inside his shop. He had been on the phone for approximately two minutes when, as he was returning to the loaner car, he noticed plaintiff in his pickup truck out in front of the shop. Plaintiff had stopped at Allison\u2019s business to talk to Allison.\nAfter Allison had spoken with plaintiff for a few minutes, he heard wheels spinning and looked up to see the loaner car backing into the flatbed truck and knocking the truck off the scotch blocks. The two vehicles then rolled down the 2 percent (grade) incline together toward a front-end loader. The flatbed truck hit the bucket of the front-end loader which diverted the truck\u2019s course sending it rolling towards the plaintiffs truck. The flatbed truck crashed into the passenger side of plaintiffs truck before plaintiff could move, thereby injuring plaintiff.\nAt the close of plaintiffs evidence, defendants moved for a directed verdict pursuant to Rule 50(a) of the N.C. Rules of Civil Procedure. The trial court granted defendants\u2019 motions, dismissing the plaintiffs action with prejudice. From the trial court\u2019s Order granting the directed verdicts, plaintiff appeals.\nAlley, Hyler, Killian, Kersten, Davis & Smathers, by Patrick U Smathers and Robert J. Lopez, for plaintiff-appellant.\nMorris, Golding, Phillips & Cloninger, by Thomas R. Bell, Jr., for defendant-appellee Paramount Motor Sales, Inc.\nRoberts, Stevens & Cogbum, P.A., by Frank P. Graham and Glenn S. Gentry, for defendant-appellee Spaldin Allison, t/d/b/a Allison\u2019s Ditching & Septic Tank Services."
  },
  "file_name": "0119-01",
  "first_page_order": 147,
  "last_page_order": 151
}
