{
  "id": 8552615,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOSEPH A. BILLINGER",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Billinger",
  "decision_date": "1970-10-21",
  "docket_number": "No. 7012SC522",
  "first_page": "573",
  "last_page": "576",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "9 N.C. App. 573"
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
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  "jurisdiction": {
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    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
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    {
      "cite": "11 S.E. 2d 473",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1940,
      "opinion_index": 0
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    {
      "cite": "218 N.C. 505",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8621616
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      "year": 1940,
      "opinion_index": 0,
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        "/nc/218/0505-01"
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    {
      "cite": "123 S.E. 2d 486",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1961,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "256 N.C. 236",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8572114
      ],
      "year": 1961,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/256/0236-01"
      ]
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  "analysis": {
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T14:50:15.842675+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Campbell and Vaughn concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOSEPH A. BILLINGER"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BRITT, Judge.\nIn his first assignment of error defendant contends that the in-court identification of him given by the witness Long was tainted by an illegal out-of-court viewing of the defendant by the witness, therefore, was inadmissible. Suffice to say we have carefully considered this contention and the authorities cited by defendant in support thereof but conclude that it is without merit. The assignment of error is overruled.\nIn his second assignment of error defendant challenges the correctness of the following instruction of the trial judge to the jury:\n\u201cI am allowing the defendant\u2019s motion for nonsuit on that first count and as all the evidence tends to show he did stop there; so the only question before you is whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty of a second count in the bill, which I am consolidating all in one count, that of failing to give certain specified information and failing to render reasonable assistance to injured persons; that is Katie Maxwell Mclnnis, the wife of the witness who testified, Mr. Smith Mclnnis, Mr. Smith Mclnnis and Mrs. J. D. Maxwell, Smith Mclnnis\u2019 mother-in-law.\u201d\nDefendant contends that in his portion of the charge the court expressed an opinion as to \u201cwhether a fact is fully or sufficiently proven\u201d in violation of G.S. 1-180. We are constrained to agree with his contention. It is well settled that when a defendant pleads not guilty the burden is on the State to prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. 3 Strong N. C. Index 2d, Criminal Law, \u00a7 112, pp. 4-5. In the instant case as submitted to the jury one of the elements of the offense necessary for the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt was that defendant was the driver of the automobile which collided with the automobile operated by Mr. Mclnnis. We think the jury could reasonably conclude from the challenged instruction that the court was of the opinion that the defendant \u201cdid stop,\u201d therefore was the driver of the offending automobile. The assignment of error is sustained.\nIn his third assignment of error, defendant challenges the following instruction to the jury:\n\u201cThe State further contends and says that you may make reasonable inferences from the evidence and the evidence in this case tends to show that the assistant chief of police made an investigation, that he went to the home of the registered owner and the evidence tends to show after going to the home of the registered owner, he went directly to the home of the defendant and it was not long after that the officer took out a warrant for the defendant before a magistrate, for the defendant\u2019s arrest; that the only inference you can draw from such evidence, and the only reasonable inference is that the investigation revealed that the defendant was the operator.\u201d (Emphasis ours.)\nIt is well settled in this jurisdiction that while the trial court is not required to state the contentions of the litigants at all, when the court does undertake to state the contentions of one party it must also give equal pertinent contentions of the opposing party. 3 Strong N. C. Index 2d, Criminal Law, \u00a7 118, p. 28; State v. King, 256 N.C. 236, 123 S.E. 2d 486 (1961). In the case at bar we think the able trial judge in stating contentions inadvertedly failed to give \u201cequal stress\u201d to the defendant. Furthermore, we do not think the inference stated in the last quoted instruction was a reasonable one for the court to include in its charge to the jury. State v. Wyont, 218 N.C. 505, 11 S.E. 2d 473 (1940). The assignment of error is sustained.\nFor errors in the charge prejudicial to the defendant, there must be a\nNew trial.\nJudges Campbell and Vaughn concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BRITT, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Robert Morgan by Assistant Attorney General William W. Melvin and Assistant Attorney General T. Buie Costen for the State.",
      "Philip A. Diehl for defendant appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JOSEPH A. BILLINGER\nNo. 7012SC522\n(Filed 21 October 1970)\n1. Automobiles \u00a7 131; Criminal Law \u00a7 114\u2014 instructions \u2014 expression of opinion\nWhere an instruction in a hit-and-run prosecution could have led the jury to believe that the court was of the opinion that the defendant was the driver of the automobile, the judgment of conviction must be reversed.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 112\u2014 issue of guilt \u2014 burden of proof\nWhen a defendant pleads not guilty, the burden is on the State to prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.\n3. Criminal Law \u00a7 118\u2014 instructions \u2014 contentions of the parties \u2014 equal stress\nWhile the trial court is not required to state the contentions of the litigants at all, when the court does undertake to state the contentions of one party it must also give equal pertinent contentions of the opposing party.\n4. Criminal Law \u00a7 118; Automobiles \u00a7 131\u2014 instructions \u2014 unequal stress on the contentions\nIn a prosecution charging defendant with the failure to render reasonable aid and assistance in an automobile accident, trial court\u2019s instructions were erroneous in failing to give equal stress to the contentions of the defendant; moreover, the trial court, in giving the State\u2019s contentions, was not warranted in charging that the only reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence was that defendant was the driver of the automobile involved in the accident.\nAppeal by defendant from Clark, J., 27 April 1970 Session, Hoke Superior Court.\nBy indictments proper in form defendant was charged with (1) being the driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to certain persons and failing to stop his vehicle at the scene of the accident, and (2) being the driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident resulting in personal injury and failing to give his name, address, operator\u2019s license number, etc., to the other persons involved in the accident, and failing to render reasonable aid and assistance to the injured persons. Defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges.\nEvidence presented by the State is summarized as follows:\nAt around 9:00 p.m. on 25 October 1969 Mr. Smith Mc-Innis, accompanied by his wife and her mother, was operating his automobile on Harris Avenue near Crumpler Funeral Home in the Town of Raeford. He was traveling approximately 15 m.p.h in anticipation of making a left turn and was violently struck from behind, causing considerable damage to his car and injury to himself and his companions. After the collision, Mr. Mclnnis observed a 1961 Chevrolet with a damaged front end near the point of impact but did not see the driver.\nWitnesses Crumpler and Long were at the Funeral Home and on hearing the collision immediately rushed to the scene. Mr. Long and Mr. Crumpler saw defendant as the sole occupant of the Chevrolet and although they were not personally acquainted with defendant and did not know his name, they identified him at trial as being the sole occupant of the car.\nFollowing the collision, Police Officer Motley investigated the accident. By checking registration files, he learned that one Ernest Jackson was the owner of the Chevrolet. After going to Jackson\u2019s home and talking with him, he went to defendant\u2019s home where he had a conversation with defendant\u2019s wife. Thereafter he had a warrant issued on information and belief charging defendant with the offenses set forth in the bills of indictment.\nDefendant did not introduce any evidence and the case was submitted on the second count only. The jury found defendant guilty and from judgment imposing active prison sentence, he appealed.\nAttorney General Robert Morgan by Assistant Attorney General William W. Melvin and Assistant Attorney General T. Buie Costen for the State.\nPhilip A. Diehl for defendant appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0573-01",
  "first_page_order": 597,
  "last_page_order": 600
}
