{ "id": 8525613, "name": "JAMES E. EVANS and wife, MRS. EVANS v. R. A. APPERT and WILSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC.", "name_abbreviation": "Evans v. Appert", "decision_date": "1988-09-20", "docket_number": "No. 887SC14", "first_page": "362", "last_page": "368", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "91 N.C. App. 362" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "301 S.E. 2d 389", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "307 N.C. 697", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8565836, 8565806, 8565943, 8565916, 8565886 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/307/0697-02", "/nc/307/0697-01", "/nc/307/0697-05", "/nc/307/0697-04", "/nc/307/0697-03" ] }, { "cite": "298 S.E. 2d 190", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "60 N.C. App. 155", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8519740 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/60/0155-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 S.E. 2d 881", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "38 N.C. App. 720", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8555837 ], "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/38/0720-01" ] }, { "cite": "256 S.E. 2d 216", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "220" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 N.C. 506", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8571908 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "512" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/297/0506-01" ] }, { "cite": "329 S.E. 2d 355", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "370" }, { "page": "356" }, { "page": "366", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "313 N.C. 338", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4725019 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/313/0338-01" ] }, { "cite": "209 S.E. 2d 795", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "286 N.C. 24", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8563251 ], "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/286/0024-01" ] }, { "cite": "324 S.E. 2d 294", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "72 N.C. App. 306", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8526633 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/72/0306-01" ] }, { "cite": "247 S.E. 2d 287", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "291" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "38 N.C. App. 50", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8551832 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/38/0050-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 604, "char_count": 13804, "ocr_confidence": 0.831, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.654941266841096e-07, "percentile": 0.8902495859797231 }, "sha256": "ca71f2d44dd6a84df80b3b70c13a107583822a29b38cde4aa8c80e84aa1c712f", "simhash": "1:f7ae4e07d68e6549", "word_count": 2238 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:33:36.579827+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judge Smith concurs.", "Judge Phillips concurs in the result." ], "parties": [ "JAMES E. EVANS and wife, MRS. EVANS v. R. A. APPERT and WILSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "JOHNSON, Judge.\nThis is a medical malpractice action instituted by plaintiffs, Mr. and Mrs. James E. Evans, against defendants R. A. Appert and Wilson Memorial Hospital, Inc.\nOn 22 August 1983, plaintiff, James Evans, was admitted to Wilson Memorial Hospital for reduction of his fused right hip and the installation of an artificial joint. Dr. Appert performed surgery on plaintiff on 23 August 1983. During surgery, Dr. Appert encountered an abnormal amount of bleeding and, as a result, he decided to stop the surgery and to resume it at a later date.\nOn 29 August 1983, Dr. Appert operated on Evans for completion of his hip replacement surgery. He replaced Evans\u2019 right hip and nerve with a hip prosthesis allegedly oriented in the wrong direction. Over the next several months, Evans complained of pain in his right hip. Eventually, Evans went to North Carolina Memorial Hospital in Chapel Hill to seek additional treatment, and in May 1984, Dr. Paul Lachiewicz reoperated on Evans\u2019 right hip.\nOn 19 June 1986, plaintiffs filed their complaint against defendants. On 23 July 1986, defendant Appert served upon plaintiffs his first set of interrogatories, which requested, inter alia, the identity of plaintiffs\u2019 expert witnesses. On 26 August 1986, plaintiffs served their responses to these interrogatories indicating that their expert witnesses had not yet been determined.\nOn 12 June 1987, plaintiffs served upon defendant Appert their first request for admissions and a second set of interrogatories. Defendant Appert\u2019s verified responses to the same were served on 14 July 1987.\nOn 16 July 1987, plaintiffs supplemented their response to Dr. Appert\u2019s first set of interrogatories and identified Dr. Hyatt, Dr. Glascock and Dr. Laskin as expert witnesses. On 6 August 1987, Dr. Appert filed a motion for further discovery, to allow his counsel to take the depositions of Drs. Hyatt and Laskin. On 14 August 1987, the trial court granted this motion. On 12 August 1987, Dr. Appert filed a motion for summary judgment along with his own supporting affidavit.\nOn 14 August 1987, plaintiffs further supplemented their responses to Dr. Appert\u2019s first set of interrogatories by expanding the scope of Dr. Glascock\u2019s role as an expert witness. On 21 August 1987, Dr. Appert filed a motion to exclude the testimony of Drs. Hyatt and Laskin at the trial scheduled to begin on 24 August 1987, on the basis that these individuals had not been made available for their discovery deposition as required by the trial court\u2019s order of 14 August 1987. On the same day, Dr. Ap-pert filed a motion to exclude Dr. Glascock\u2019s testimony. On 21 August 1987, plaintiffs served a copy of Dr. Glascock\u2019s affidavit upon Dr. Appert in opposition to his motion for summary judgment.\nOn 24 August 1987, the trial court heard Dr. Appert\u2019s motion for summary judgment and to exclude the testimonies of Drs. Glascock, Hyatt and Laskin. The trial court granted Dr. Appert\u2019s motion to exclude to the extent that it gave plaintiffs thirty days to make Drs. Hyatt and Laskin available for their depositions, if this case was not going to be tried during the 24 August term of court. The court also ruled that if plaintiffs failed to make Drs. Hyatt and Laskin available for the taking of their depositions, within the allotted thirty days, their testimonies would be excluded from any eventual trial in the matter.\nThe second half of Dr. Lachiewicz\u2019s deposition was not yet on file, and plaintiffs\u2019 counsel moved for a continuance to enable the trial court to review it after it was typed by the court reporter. The trial court denied plaintiffs\u2019 motion to which they excepted. The trial court then granted Dr. Appert\u2019s motion for summary judgment after having considered the various affidavits, including that of Dr. Harold Glascock, depositions of record, case authorities, memoranda, and arguments of counsel. The court further ruled that plaintiffs\u2019 action against defendant Wilson Memorial Hospital, Inc. be stayed pending the outcome of this appeal. Plaintiffs\u2019 appeal is from entry of summary judgment in favor of defendant Appert.\nPlaintiffs bring forth three Assignments of Error for this Court\u2019s review. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.\nBy their first Assignment of Error, plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for Dr. Appert since there were patent doubts as to the credibility of his sole supporting affidavit, and Dr. Appert failed to carry his burden of demonstrating the absence of genuine issues of material fact. We cannot agree.\nIn a medical malpractice action, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant breached the applicable standard of care, and that the defendant\u2019s treatment proximately caused the injury. Ballenger v. Crowell, 38 N.C. App. 50, 54, 247 S.E. 2d 287, 291 (1978). Summary judgment is rarely appropriate in negligence cases. Beaver v. Hancock, 72 N.C. App. 306, 324 S.E. 2d 294 (1985). In support of his motion for summary judgment, defendant Appert had the initial burden of showing that an essential element of plaintiffs\u2019 case did not exist as a matter of law or showing, through discovery, that plaintiffs could not produce evidence to support an essential element of their claim. Zimmerman v. Hogg & Allen, 286 N.C. 24, 209 S.E. 2d 795 (1974). Plaintiffs were then required to produce a forecast of evidence showing the existence of a genuine issue of material fact with respect to the issues raised by the movant. Rorrer v. Cooke, 313 N.C. 338, 329 S.E. 2d 355 (1985).\nDefendant Appert supported his motion by submitting his own affidavit. Plaintiffs contend that defendant Appert\u2019s affidavit is insufficient to support his motion because his testimony is \u201ccircumstantially suspicious\u201d and his credibility is \u201cinherently suspect.\u201d Plaintiffs contend that the affidavit is \u201csuspicious\u201d because defendant Appert fails to deny negligence regarding the abnormal amount of bleeding which was encountered during the 23 August 1983 surgery.\nAfter carefully reviewing defendant Appert\u2019s affidavit, we do not find that it is inherently suspect. Dr. Appert met his burden of proof on his motion for summary judgment by showing that plaintiffs had failed to produce sufficient evidence of the applicable standard of care, of a breach of that standard of care, and that the damages suffered by them were proximately caused by defendant Appert. Thus, plaintiffs\u2019 assignment of error is overruled.\nBy their second Assignment of Error, plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for defendant Appert because there were genuine issues of material fact as to the elements of their claim for medical malpractice against him. Plaintiffs contend that this evidence of a material fact is raised in the affidavit of Dr. Harold Glascock and the deposition of Dr. Paul Lachiewicz. Again, we do not agree.\nBecause defendant Appert has shifted the burden to plaintiffs to establish a genuine issue of material fact, plaintiffs must offer sufficient evidence to establish the standard of care to which the defendant physician was held, a breach of that standard, proximate cause and damages. Beaver, supra.\nIn Rorrer, supra, our Supreme Court dealt with a legal malpractice action in which the plaintiff relied upon his expert witness\u2019 affidavit to resist defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment. In Rorrer, plaintiffs expert witness testified, in his affidavit, that he was familiar with the standard of care applicable to the defendant, that the defendant did not comply with the existing standard of care, and that \u201cthe (alleged) departure from standards of care \u2018contributed greatly\u2019 \u201d to the plaintiffs alleged damages. Id. at 362, 329 S.E. 2d at 370. The Court held that the attorney\u2019s affidavit was insufficient to forecast proof that defendant\u2019s preparation for, and conduct of, the medical malpractice trial was such that defendant breached his duty of reasonable care and diligence to plaintiff because it failed to establish what the standard of care to which defendant was subject required him to do. Id. at 356, 329 S.E. 2d at 366 (emphasis added).\nSimilarly, in the case sub judice, Dr. Glascock stated in his affidavit that he was \u201cfamiliar with the standards of care for the diagnosis and treatment of the plaintiffs mental and physical condition by board certified orthopedic surgeons such as Dr. Appert . . However, there is nothing in Dr. Glascock\u2019s affidavit which identifies what the applicable standard of practice is for orthopedic surgeons, or identifies what Dr. Appert was required to do in his care and treatment of plaintiff.\nThe deposition of Dr. Lachiewicz reveals that the type of operation performed by Dr. Appert is difficult and controversial and that there is a divergence of views on the proper procedure. In addition, in Dr. Lachiewicz\u2019s opinion, Dr. Appert was not negligent in performing the hip replacement surgery on Evans. Furthermore, there is not an iota of testimony by Dr. Lachiewicz as to what the standard of care is for orthopedic doctors in the city of Wilson, North Carolina. Thus, we believe that plaintiffs\u2019 inability to produce evidence of the applicable standard of care required the court to grant defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment as it did.\nPlaintiffs also contend that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur applies to this case and that therefore defendant was not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. We conclude that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur does not apply to the facts of the case sub ju'dice and therefore overrule this argument.\nFinally, in plaintiffs\u2019 third Assignment of Error, they contend that the trial court abused its discretion by granting summary judgment before discovery was complete. We do not agree.\nOn the day of the hearing at which summary judgment was granted, the second half of Dr. Lachiewicz\u2019s deposition had not yet been reduced to writing and added to the court\u2019s file. Plaintiffs informed the trial court of this fact and unsuccessfully moved for a continuance pursuant to G.S. sec. 1A-1, Rule 56(f), so that the trial court could consider the entire deposition before ruling on defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\n\u201cOrdinarily it is error for a court to hear and rule on a motion for summary judgment when discovery procedures, which might lead to the production of evidence relevant to the motion, are still pending and the party seeking discovery has not been dilatory in doing so.\u201d Conover v. Newton, 297 N.C. 506, 512, 256 S.E. 2d 216, 220 (1979). However, the trial court is not barred in every case from granting summary judgment before discovery is completed. Joyner v. Hospital, 38 N.C. App. 720, 248 S.E. 2d 881 (1978). The decision to grant or deny a continuance is solely within the discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be reversed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion. Manhattan Life Insurance Co. v. Miller Machine Co., 60 N.C. App. 155, 298 S.E. 2d 190 (1982), disc. rev. denied, 307 N.C. 697, 301 S.E. 2d 389 (1983).\nAt the time when summary judgment was granted, the action had b\u00e9en pending for over one year. Although the deposition of Dr. Lachiewicz had been concluded, it had not yet been completed by the court reporter. Thus, information contained in the testimony could have been made available to the court for its review in some form. In light of this fact, we find no abuse of discretion by the trial court in granting defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment before discovery was complete.\nAccordingly, for all the aforementioned reasons, the judgment of the trial court is\nAffirmed.\nJudge Smith concurs.\nJudge Phillips concurs in the result.", "type": "majority", "author": "JOHNSON, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "R. Marie Sides, Chris Kremer and James T. Bryan, III, for plaintiff-appellants.", "Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jemigan, by John D. Madden and C. Ernest Simons, Jr., for defendant-appel-lee, R. A. Appert." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JAMES E. EVANS and wife, MRS. EVANS v. R. A. APPERT and WILSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC.\nNo. 887SC14\n(Filed 20 September 1988)\n1. Physicians, Surgeons, and Allied Professions 8 17\u2014 malpractice \u2014 applicable standard of care \u2014 summary judgment proper\nThe trial court properly entered summary judgment for defendant in a medical malpractice action where defendant showed that plaintiffs failed to produce sufficient evidence of the applicable standard of care, of a breach of that standard of care, and that the damages suffered by them were proximately caused by defendant.\n2. Physicians, Surgeons, and Allied Professions 8 17\u2014 malpractice \u2014 applicable standard of care not shown \u2014 summary judgment proper\nTestimony by one of plaintiffs expert witnesses in a medical malpractice case that he was familiar with the standard of care for the diagnosis and treatment of plaintiffs condition by orthopedic surgeons, and testimony by another expert witness which made no reference at all to the standard of care for orthopedic doctors in Wilson, N. C., was insufficient t\u00f3 show what the standard of care was, and the trial court therefore properly granted defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment.\n3. Rules of Civil Procedure 8 56.2\u2014 summary judgment granted before discovery complete \u2014 no error\nThe trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting defendant\u2019s motion for summary judgment before discovery was complete where the action had been pending for one year; although the deposition of an expert witness had been concluded, it had not yet been completed by the court reporter; and the information contained in the testimony could have been made available to the court for its review in some form.\nJudge Phillips concurs in the result.\nAppeal by plaintiffs from Preston, Judge. Judgment entered 24 August 1987 in Superior Court, WILSON County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11 May 1988.\nR. Marie Sides, Chris Kremer and James T. Bryan, III, for plaintiff-appellants.\nSmith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jemigan, by John D. Madden and C. Ernest Simons, Jr., for defendant-appel-lee, R. A. Appert." }, "file_name": "0362-01", "first_page_order": 390, "last_page_order": 396 }