{
  "id": 8527622,
  "name": "THOMAS EARL LEWIS, Petitioner-Appellee v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, Respondent-Appellant",
  "name_abbreviation": "Lewis v. North Carolina Department of Human Resources",
  "decision_date": "1989-02-07",
  "docket_number": "No. 888SC527",
  "first_page": "737",
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          "parenthetical": "quoted with approval in Comm'r of Ins. v. Rate Bureau, 300 N.C. 381, 403-04, 269 S.E. 2d 547, 563, pet. for reh'g denied, 301 N.C. 107, 273 S.E. 2d 300 (1980)"
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          "parenthetical": "notice of appeal filed two days after statutory deadline; appeal properly dismissed"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Wells and Johnson concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "THOMAS EARL LEWIS, Petitioner-Appellee v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, Respondent-Appellant"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BECTON, Judge.\nRespondent-appellant, the Department of Human Resources (\u201cDHR\u201d), appeals from a superior court order which reversed as arbitrary and capricious the decision of the State Personnel Commission (\u201cthe Commission\u201d) to dismiss an employee grievance appeal. The grievance appeal was dismissed, initially by DHR and subsequently by the Commission, because it was filed one day late. We hold that the Commission decision was not arbitrary or capricious, and reverse the superior court order.\nI\nPetitioner-appellee, Thomas Earl Lewis, worked for 16 years at the O\u2019Berry Center, a DHR institution. Mr. Lewis was dismissed on 3 March 1987 for leaving a resident unattended, an act deemed to constitute \u201cpatient neglect.\u201d At that time, Mr. Lewis was given a termination letter and a copy of \u201cDHR Directive Number 33,\u201d the DHR employee grievance policy. The record indicates that a form for filing a grievance appeal was attached to the grievance policy.\nThe termination letter provided in relevant part:\nYou have the right to appeal this action. Written notification of appeal must be made within 15 calendar days upon receipt of this letter. Should you wish to do so and need procedural assistance, you may contact [the following persons]. . . .\n(Emphasis added.) The grievance policy likewise provided that notice of appeal had to be filed and received within 15 calendar days of the date of written notice of termination. Although it was not necessary to obtain legal assistance at the current (second) stage of the grievance proceeding, the grievance policy explained that an employee was free to do so. However, actual legal representation was permitted only at the third stage of the grievance proceeding.\nOne week after his termination, on 10 March, Mr. Lewis consulted with an attorney, but did not retain him. On 16 March, Mr. Lewis\u2019 father notified the attorney that he would pay the retainer fee. Mr. Lewis returned to the law firm on 18 March, the fifteenth day after the date of termination, but the attorney was out of town. The next day, on 19 March 1987, one day past the deadline, the attorney filed a notice of appeal on Mr. Lewis\u2019 behalf.\nThe director of O\u2019Berry Center notified the attorney that since Mr. Lewis\u2019 appeal was one day late, it \u201cwas not timely filed,\u201d and Mr. Lewis\u2019 right of appeal was thereby forfeited. DHR\u2019s Division of Personnel Management Services upheld the appeal\u2019s dismissal, concluding that Mr. Lewis had been properly advised of his appeal rights but \u201csimply failed to comply with the clear requirements for perfecting his appeal.\u201d\nMr. Lewis appealed to the State Personnel Commission. A Recommended Decision concluded as a matter of law that Mr. Lewis \u201cfailed to follow the grievance procedure established by his department as required by G.S. 126-34.\u201d The full Commission subsequently adopted the Recommended Decision. The Commission ordered that Mr. Lewis\u2019 appeal be \u201cdismissed for failing to follow the grievance procedure established by his department.\u201d\nMr. Lewis appealed to superior court. The judge reversed and remanded the Commission decision, ruling that the \u201cCommission\u2019s findings, conclusion and decision concerning the filing of the grievance are arbitrary and capricious.\u201d DHR appealed to this Court.\nII\nThe right to appeal to an administrative agency is granted by statute, and compliance with statutory provisions is necessary to sustain the appeal. See, e.g., Smith v. Daniels Int\u2019l, 64 N.C. App. 381, 383, 307 S.E. 2d 434, 435 (1983) (notice of appeal filed two days after statutory deadline; appeal properly dismissed). Under N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 126-35, a State employee is permitted 15 days after receiving a statement of disciplinary action to appeal the action to the department head. Section 126-34 further provides that \u201c[a]ny permanent State employee having a grievance arising out of . . . his employment . . . shall . . . follow the grievance procedure established by his department or agency.\" N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 126-34 (1986) (emphasis added).\nThe DHR grievance policy, like the statute, required notice of appeal to be filed within 15 days. The grievance policy further provided:\nA grievant who fails to comply with the . . . procedures set out in this directive . . . may be deemed to have abandoned his/her appeal. The acts or omissions of any attorney retained by a grievant shall be deemed those of the grievant for purposes of determining compliance with procedures under this policy.\n(Emphasis added.) Thus, DHR reserved the power to waive, in its discretion, the employee\u2019s noncompliance with procedural rules. The question presented here is whether, as the superior court concluded, the Commission permitted DHR to exercise that discretion arbitrarily and capriciously by deeming Mr. Lewis\u2019 appeal to be forfeited.\nIll\nThe court charged with reviewing an agency decision, here, the superior court, may reverse or modify that decision if, among other things, the decision is \u201carbitrary or capricious.\u201d N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 150B-51(b)(6) (1987). However, the reviewing court does not have authority to override decisions within agency discretion when that discretion is exercised in good faith and in accordance with law. Burton v. City of Reidsville, 243 N.C. 405, 407, 90 S.E. 2d 700, 703 (1956) (quoted with approval in Comm\u2019r of Ins. v. Rate Bureau, 300 N.C. 381, 403-04, 269 S.E. 2d 547, 563, pet. for reh\u2019g denied, 301 N.C. 107, 273 S.E. 2d 300 (1980)).\nThe \u201carbitrary or capricious\u201d standard is a difficult one to meet. Administrative agency decisions may be reversed as arbitrary or capricious if they are \u201cpatently in bad faith,\u201d id., or \u201cwhimsical\u201d in the sense that \u201cthey indicate a lack of fair and careful consideration\u201d or \u201cfail to indicate \u2018any course of reasoning and the exercise of judgment\u2019. . . .\u201d Comm\u2019r of Ins. v. Rate Bureau, 300 N.C. at 420, 269 S.E. 2d at 573 (citations omitted). Other jurisdictions have found that imposing procedural requirements \u2014 even those \u201cwithin the letter of the statut[e]\u201d \u2014 may be arbitrary and capricious if that imposition \u201cresult[s] in manifest unfairness in the circumstances.\u201d Id. (citing Cooper, 2 State Administrative Law 761-69 (1965)).\nMr. Lewis argues that enforcing the procedural deadline to deny him the right to pursue his grievance on the merits resulted in \u201cmanifest unfairness in the circumstances.\u201d While we find the result unfortunate, we cannot say it is manifestly unfair.\nMr. Lewis was given a letter and a copy of the DHR grievance policy which explained in plain language the time limit for perfecting his appeal. The letter even offered assistance in complying with appeal procedures. Significantly, it was not necessary for Mr. Lewis to obtain legal assistance \u2014 and legal representation was not allowed \u2014at that stage of the grievance proceeding. Moreover, the record indicates that on 10 March, eight days before the deadline, the attorney \u201cencouraged [Mr. Lewis] to get back to [him] quickly with regard to a decision\u201d about whether he wished to pursue the appeal. Mr. Lewis waited until 18 March, the deadline date, to return to his attorney\u2019s office. When he learned that his attorney was not there, he did not contact O\u2019Berry Center to seek an extension of time. Nor did he fill out and submit a grievance filing form. We cannot say that under these circumstances DHR\u2019s exercise of discretion was in \u201cbad faith,\u201d \u201cwhimsical,\u201d or \u201cmanifestly unfair.\u201d We conclude that DHR\u2019s adherence to the deadline for perfecting the appeal was neither arbitrary nor capricious.\nAccordingly, we hold that the superior court judge erred as a matter of law in reversing the Commission decision. The order below is\nReversed.\nJudges Wells and Johnson concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BECTON, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Barnes, Braswell, Haithcock & Warren, P.A., by W. Timothy Haithcock, for petitioner-appellee.",
      "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General John R. Come, for the State."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THOMAS EARL LEWIS, Petitioner-Appellee v. NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, Respondent-Appellant\nNo. 888SC527\n(Filed 7 February 1989)\nState \u00a7 12\u2014 employee grievance appeal filed one day late \u2014 dismissal proper\nDismissal of an employee grievance appeal by the State Personnel Commission because it was filed one day late was not arbitrary and capricious where the employee, at the same time he was given a termination letter by DHR, was given a letter and a copy of the DHR grievance policy which explained in plain language the time limit for perfecting his appeal; the letter even offered assistance in complying with appeal procedures; it was not necessary for the employee to obtain legal assistance, and legal representation was not allowed, at that stage of the grievance proceeding; eight days before the deadline an attorney encouraged the employee to get back to him quickly with regard to a decision about whether he wished to pursue the appeal; the employee waited until the deadline date to return to his attorney\u2019s office; and when he learned that his attorney was not there, he did not contact the employer to seek an extension of time, nor did he fill out and submit a grievance filing form.\nAppeal by respondent from Jack B. Crawley, Jr., Judge. Order entered 6 April 1988 in Superior Court, Wayne County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11 January 1989.\nBarnes, Braswell, Haithcock & Warren, P.A., by W. Timothy Haithcock, for petitioner-appellee.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorney General John R. Come, for the State."
  },
  "file_name": "0737-01",
  "first_page_order": 767,
  "last_page_order": 771
}
