{
  "id": 8523249,
  "name": "MARTHA SUE SNEAD v. ANGELIA MARIE FOXX and JAMES EDWARD PAYNE",
  "name_abbreviation": "Snead v. Foxx",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges Johnson and Cozort concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "MARTHA SUE SNEAD v. ANGELIA MARIE FOXX and JAMES EDWARD PAYNE"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "GREENE, Judge.\nThe plaintiff appeals from an order entered by the trial court dismissing its claim against defendant Angelia Marie Foxx.\nIn this civil action, the plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant James Edward Payne, the owner of the vehicle, and defendant Angelia Marie Foxx, the driver of the vehicle. Defendant Payne was personally served with a copy of the summons and complaint and defendant Foxx was served by publication. The claim arises out of an automobile collision which occurred on 16 July 1984. The complaint was filed on 16 June 1987, and civil summonses were issued against both defendants on that date. Defendant Payne was served on 18 June 1987, and defendant Foxx\u2019s summons was returned with the sheriff\u2019s endorsement that someone else had lived at the address shown on the summons of 2610 Phillips Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina for over a year, and that person did not know the defendant Foxx. Notice of service of process by publication was first published in the Greensboro News and Record on 16 September 1987. On 12 November 1987, the attorney for the plaintiff filed the following affidavit:\nJOEL N. Oakley, being duly sworn, deposes and says:\n1. Plaintiff issued a summons and complaint to be served on defendant, Angelia Marie Foxx on June 16, 1987 at approximately 4:05 P.M.\n2. An agent of the Sheriff of Guilford County attempted service on the defendant at 2610 Phillips Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina.\n3. The service was returned, stating that the defendant did not live there, that she has not been there in over a year, and that the residents did not know the defendant.\n4. 2610 Phillips Avenue is the last address of the defendant of which the plaintiff has knowledge.\n5. 2610 Phillips Avenue is still listed by the North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles as the defendant\u2019s address.\n6. That the defendant was allegedly a college student at the time of the accident, July 16, 1984.\n7. The undersigned attorney has inquired as to the defendant\u2019s location but has not been able to receive any information.\n8. The codefendant\u2019s attorney has stated his client has no knowledge of the defendant\u2019s whereabouts.\n10. [sic] Therefore, plaintiff has attempted service by publication by placing an ad in the Greensboro Daily News, which is published in areas where the accident happened and where the defendant\u2019s address is located by the Department of Motor Vehicles.\nOn 1 December 1987, defendant Foxx answered the complaint and alleged as a defense that:\n. . . the affidavit of the plaintiff\u2019s attorney shows on its face that Rule 4, Rules of Civil Procedure, was not complied with, and there has been a discontinuance of the action as to the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx and the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx pleads the failure of the plaintiff to comply with the provisions of Rule 4, Rules of Civil Procedure, the provisions of G.S. Sec. 1-597 and G.S. Sec. 1-598 and failure to comply with the provisions of G.S. Sec. 1-75.10(2), and the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx pleads the three year statute of limitations in bar of any recovery by the plaintiff in this action.\nDefendant Foxx\u2019s plea in bar came on for hearing before the trial court on 22 June 1988, and the trial court entered an order which in pertinent part reads as follows:\nit appearing to the court from the affidavit of counsel that the last known address of the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx was 2610 Phillips Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, and the Court being of the opinion that the plaintiff did not comply with Rule 4(j), Rules of Civil Procedure, or G.S. Sec. 1-75.10(2) and failed to mail the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx notice of service of process by publication or of mailing to the defendant a copy of the summons and the complaint and the Court being of the opinion that service of process on the defendant by publication was deficient and that there has been a discontinuance of this action and that the action against the Defendant Angela [sic] Marie Foxx is barred by the three-year statute of limitation.\nNOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED . . . that the motion of the defendant Angelia Marie Foxx for the entry of an order that there has been a discontinuance of this action shall be and the same is hereby allowed; and it is further ordered that the action against Angelia Marie Foxx is barred by the three-year statute of limitations and the action against Angelia Marie Foxx shall be and the same is hereby dismissed.\nThe only issue presented by this appeal is whether plaintiff\u2019s affidavit of publication sufficiently complies with N.C.G.S. Sec. 1A-1, Rule 4(3*1) (1983).\nI\nRule 4(j*l) provides in pertinent part:\nA party that cannot with due diligence be served by personal delivery or registered or certified mail may be served by publication .... If the party\u2019s post-office address is known or can with reasonable diligence be ascertained, there shall be mailed to the party at or immediately prior to the first publication a copy of the notice of service of process by publication. The mailing may be omitted if the post-office address cannot be ascertained with reasonable diligence. Upon completion of such service there should be filed with the court an affidavit showing the publication and mailing in accordance with the requirements of G.S. 1-75.10(2), the circumstance warranting the use of service by publication, and information, if any, regarding the location of the party served.\nN.C.G.S. Sec. 1A-1, Rule 4(jl) (1983). N.C.G.S. Sec. 1-75.10 (1983) provides in pertinent part:\nWhere the defendant appears in the action and challenges the service of the summons upon him, proof of the service of process shall be as follows: . . .\n2. Service of Publication. \u2014 In the case of publication, by the affidavit of the publisher or printer, or his foreman, or principal clerk, showing the same and specifying the date of the first and last publication, and an affidavit of mailing of a copy of the complaint or notice, as the case may require made by the person who mailed the same.\nThe defendant argues the failure of the plaintiff to mail a copy of the \u201cnotice of service of process by publication\u201d to the last known address of the defendant is fatal to the plaintiff\u2019s service by publication. We disagree.\nN.C.G.S. Sec. l-98.4(b) repealed by 1971 N.C. Sess. Laws, ch. 1093, Sec. 19, provided in pertinent part:\n(b) Where [service of process by publication] is to be had upon a natural person, the verified pleading or affidavit must state:\n(1) The name and residence of such person, or if they are unknown, that diligent search and inquiry have been made to discover such name and residence, and that they are set forth as particularly as it is known to the applicant . . . .\nN.C.G.S. Sec. l-99.2(c), repealed by 1971 N.C. Sess. Laws, ch. 1093, Sec. 19, provided in pertinent part:\nThe clerk shall mail a copy of the notice of service of process by publication to each party whose name and residence . . . appear in the verified pleading or affidavit. . . . Such copies shall be sent via ordinary mail, addressed to each party at the address of such party\u2019s residence ... as set forth in the verified complaint or affidavit. . . .\nSections 1-98.4 and 98.2(c) were construed by our Supreme Court to require the mailing of the \u201cnotice of service by publication\u201d to the defendant\u2019s \u201clast known address.\u201d Harrison v. Hanvey, 265 N.C. 243, 255, 143 S.E.2d 593, 602 (1965).\nThe question now presented is whether Rule 4 which requires mailing of a \u201ccopy of the notice of service of process by publication\u201d to the \u201cparty\u2019s post-office address\u201d requires the mailing of the notice to the last known address of the defendant. In adopting Rule 4(jl), the General Assembly deleted the requirement of Section 98.2 that the \u201cresidence\u201d of the person sought to be served by publication be set forth in the affidavit \u201cas particularly as is known\u201d to the attorney requesting the service by publication. Furthermore, the adoption of Rule 4(jl) and the repeal of Section 98.4 omitted the requirement that the clerk mail a copy of the notice \u201cto each party whose name and residence or place of business appear in the verified pleading or affidavit.\u201d\nRule 4 requires the attorney seeking service by publication to mail a copy of the notice of service of process by publication to the party which is the subject of service by publication if \u201cthe party\u2019s post-office address is known or can with reasonable diligence be ascertained.\u201d Here, the plaintiff\u2019s attorney\u2019s affidavit avers, without dispute, that defendant\u2019s last known address was 2610 Phillips Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina 27405, and that defendant did not live there and had not lived there in over a year. While the defendant questioned the sufficiency of the evidence in the affidavit, the defendant offered no evidence. Therefore, based on the only evidence before the court, the affidavit, there is no evidence plaintiff\u2019s attorney knew of defendant\u2019s \u201cpost-office address,\u201d and the affidavit reveals that plaintiff\u2019s attorney made a reasonably diligent effort, without success, to discover defendant\u2019s address.\nArguably, the goal of notifying a defendant of a pending suit would be well served by requiring that a plaintiff mail copies of the summons and notice by publication to the defendant\u2019s last known address or to any other address where the defendant might reasonably be found or from which the notice might reasonably be forwarded to the defendant. \u201cAs every practicing attorney and law enforcement officer knows, there are among certain classes those persons who would feel an obligation to forward or deliver a letter to one being sought, but who would feel obliged to give a lawyer or a deputy sheriff no information whatever as to the whereabouts of the one sought.\u201d Harrison, 265 N.C. at 255-56, 143 S.E.2d at 602. However, here we are constrained by the language of Rule 4(jl). We determine that under Rule 4(jl) there no longer exists an obligation to mail a copy of the \u201cnotice of service of process by publication\u201d to an address where the party sought to be served no longer resides. Accordingly, the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint against defendant Foxx.\nII\nThe defendant additionally argues the order of dismissal is correct because the action was \u201cdiscontinued prior to the time the plaintiff-appellant attempted to serve defendant Foxx by publication.\u201d Specifically, the defendant argues the plaintiff\u2019s failure to secure an endorsement or to obtain an alias or pluries summons within ninety days after the issuance of the original summons, caused the action to discontinue. N.C.G.S. Sec. 1A-1, Rule 4(e) (1983). We do not address this argument as the record does not show the issue was raised in the trial court. Plemmer v. Matthewson, 281 N.C. 722, 725, 190 S.E.2d 204, 206 (1972). The answer of the defendant and the order of the trial judge both indicate that the basis of the motion to dismiss, and the order to dismiss, was a failure of the plaintiffs attorney to comply with Rule 4(jl) and consequent failure to mail to defendant a copy of the notice of service of process by publication. Further, the record does not reflect any oral argument made by the defendant in support of her motion to dismiss.\nReversed.\nJudges Johnson and Cozort concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "GREENE, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Joel N. Oakley for plaintiff-appellant.",
      "Henson Henson Bayliss & Teague, by Perry C. Henson and Lisa M. Pendergrass, for defendant-appellee Foxx."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "MARTHA SUE SNEAD v. ANGELIA MARIE FOXX and JAMES EDWARD PAYNE\nNo. 8818SC1345\n(Filed 3 October 1989)\nRules of Civil Procedure \u00a7 4.1\u2014 service of process by publication\u2014 no obligation to mail to address where party does not reside\nUnder N.C.G.S. 1A-1, Rule 4(jl) there no longer exists an obligation to mail a copy of the \u201cnotice of service of process by publication\u201d to an address where the party sought to be served no longer resides.\nAPPEAL by plaintiff from Mills (F. Fetzer), Judge. Order entered 17 June 1988 in Superior Court, GUILFORD County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 June 1989.\nJoel N. Oakley for plaintiff-appellant.\nHenson Henson Bayliss & Teague, by Perry C. Henson and Lisa M. Pendergrass, for defendant-appellee Foxx."
  },
  "file_name": "0723-01",
  "first_page_order": 751,
  "last_page_order": 756
}
