{
  "id": 8523612,
  "name": "LOIE RAY McMAHAN v. MARCUS ALBERT STOGNER and JEAN WISE STOGNER",
  "name_abbreviation": "McMahan v. Stogner",
  "decision_date": "1989-10-03",
  "docket_number": "No. 8818SC1425",
  "first_page": "764",
  "last_page": "767",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "95 N.C. App. 764"
    }
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.",
    "id": 14983,
    "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "363 S.E.2d 653",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1988,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "88 N.C. App. 468",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C. App.",
      "case_ids": [
        8358449
      ],
      "year": 1988,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc-app/88/0468-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "308 S.E.2d 268",
      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.2d",
      "year": 1983,
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "309 N.C. 498",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        4760504
      ],
      "year": 1983,
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/309/0498-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
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    "char_count": 7672,
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    "simhash": "1:ca2f83d8722c0ee0",
    "word_count": 1285
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:25:49.576177+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Judges Phillips and Parker concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "LOIE RAY McMAHAN v. MARCUS ALBERT STOGNER and JEAN WISE STOGNER"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WELLS, Judge.\nPlaintiff contends that the trial court erred by failing to submit to the jury the issue of last clear chance.\nA plaintiff is entitled to an instruction on the doctrine of last clear chance when he establishes four essential elements: (1) that the plaintiff negligently placed himself in a position of peril from which he could not escape by the exercise of reasonable care; (2) that the defendant knew of, or by the exercise of reasonable care could have discovered, the plaintiff\u2019s perilous position and his inability to escape; (3) that the defendant had the time and means to avoid injury to the plaintiff by the exercise of reasonable care after he discovered, or should have discovered, the plaintiff\u2019s perilous position and his inability to escape from it; and (4) that the defendant negligently failed to use the available time and means to avoid injury to the plaintiff, and for that reason struck and injured him. Watson v. White, 309 N.C. 498, 308 S.E.2d 268 (1983); Schaefer v. Wickstead, 88 N.C. App. 468, 363 S.E.2d 653 (1988).\nThere was conflicting evidence regarding the occurrence and sequence of events surrounding the accident. Plaintiff testified that he approached Gaston Road from the north and stopped at the edge of the cart path before attempting to cross. He looked both ways, saw nothing coming, and pulled into the road. Plaintiff also testified that he could see to the east for approximately 250 to 275 feet before the road curved out of sight. When plaintiff heard his friend shout \u201clook out\u201d he saw defendant\u2019s car for the first time. Plaintiff thought he was nearly across Gaston Road when he was hit.\nWilliam Howie, a witness for the plaintiff, testified that he was approximately 30 feet behind the plaintiff operating his golf cart on the cart path when he glimpsed something out of the corner of his eye coming from the left [east]. He shouted to the plaintiff in an effort to warn him of the approaching car. William Howie further testified that when he first saw the defendant\u2019s car out of the corner of his eye, plaintiff was starting to pull out onto the road. William Howie estimated that at this point the defendant was approximately 225 to 240 feet from the intersection. Seconds later the collision occurred. William Howie also testified that plaintiff had looked both ways before crossing and that the cart was almost across the road when it was hit.\nRalph Howie, Jr. also testified for the plaintiff. He was a passenger in the golf cart driven by his brother, William. According to Ralph Howie\u2019s testimony he became aware of defendant\u2019s car approaching from the left when his brother shouted \u201clook out\u201d to the plaintiff. When he first saw the car it was approximately 200 feet away from the plaintiff. Ralph Howie also testified that two-thirds of the golf cart had crossed the center line before being hit; that when he looked up plaintiff had started into the street; the car locked its brakes and started sliding and, in a split second, impacted with the plaintiff\u2019s cart. Ralph Howie further testified that he heard the defendant tell the state trooper that he wasn\u2019t paying close attention.\nState Trooper G. C. Grady, who investigated the accident, testified that defendant Marcus Stogner indicated to him that he was driving too fast, was going about 45 miles an hour, and was sorry the accident had happened.\nDefendant Marcus Stogner testified that he told Trooper Grady that he knew he was going faster than he should have been and estimated his speed to be approximately 35 miles an hour. Defendant testified that when he rounded the curve to the east of the intersection he saw plaintiff for the first time. Defendant took his foot off the accelerator but did not brake at this time. Defendant testified that the distance between his car and the plaintiff when he rounded the curve was approximately 210 feet. Defendant further testified that plaintiff was not in the road at this point; that plaintiff was looking straight ahead and did not look left or right before pulling onto the road. On direct examination defendant indicated that plaintiff did not stop before pulling onto Gaston Road. On cross-examination defendant indicated that plaintiff was stopped but getting ready to start in motion when defendant first saw him. Defendant also testified that when he was 40 feet from plaintiff he was prepared to brake. At this point plaintiff pulled out in front of him. Defendant applied brakes, but was unable to avoid a collision. Defendant testified that the collision occurred in the westbound lane.\nOn this evidence, a jury could draw the reasonable inference that after defendant Marcus Stogner discovered, or reasonably could have discovered plaintiffs peril, he had both the time and opportunity \u2014 that is, a last clear chance \u2014 to avoid the collision. The evidence is essentially undisputed that defendant\u2019s sight distance between the curve in the road and the cart path was at least 200 feet. Defendant admitted that he did not start braking until he was only 40 feet from plaintiff\u2019s golf cart. While the evidence was conflicting as to whether plaintiff \u201cdarted\u201d in front of defendant or whether plaintiff was in the road when defendant rounded the curve, this only bears upon, but does not resolve, the question of last clear chance.\nWe hold that the trial court erred in not submitting this issue to the jury and therefore award a\nNew trial.\nJudges Phillips and Parker concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WELLS, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Robert S. Gaboon for plaintiff-appellant.",
      "Henson Henson Bayliss & Teague, by Perry C. Henson and Gary K. Sue, for defendant-appellees."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "LOIE RAY McMAHAN v. MARCUS ALBERT STOGNER and JEAN WISE STOGNER\nNo. 8818SC1425\n(Filed 3 October 1989)\nAutomobiles and Other Vehicles \u00a7 89.1\u2014 golf cart hit by car-sufficiency of evidence of last clear chance\nIn an action to recover for injuries sustained by plaintiff when he was hit by defendant\u2019s car as he drove his golf cart across a road, the trial court erred by failing to submit to the jury the issue of last clear chance where the evidence tended to show that defendant\u2019s sight distance between a curve in the road and the point of the accident was at least 200 feet, but defendant admitted that, though he saw plaintiff, he did not begin braking until he was only 40 feet from plaintiff\u2019s golf cart.\nAPPEAL by plaintiff from Washington, Edward K., Judge. Judgment entered 4 August 1988 in GUILFORD County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 24 August 1989.\nPlaintiff, Loie Ray McMahan, brought this action against defendants, Marcus Albert Stogner and Jean Wise Stogner, to recover damages for injuries he sustained due to the negligence of defendant Marcus Stogner.\nOn 21 May 1985 plaintiff and two friends were playing golf at Sedgefield Country Club. Plaintiff was operating a motorized golf cart and his friends, the Howie brothers, shared a second golf cart. As plaintiff attempted to cross North Carolina Rural Road 1373, also known as Gaston Road, where it intersected the golf cart path, his golf cart was struck by an automobile, owned by defendant Jean Stogner and operated by her son, Marcus Stogner. Defendant Marcus Stogner was operating his mother\u2019s automobile in the westbound lane of Gaston Road. At the intersection where the accident occurred the road to the east of the cart path is straight with a slight uphill grade that goes into a curve. The accident occurred at approximately 3:30 in the afternoon.\nAt trial the jury found (1) that plaintiff was injured by defendant Marcus Stogner\u2019s negligence, and (2) that plaintiff was con-tributorily negligent. From judgment for defendants entered on the jury\u2019s verdict, plaintiff appealed.\nRobert S. Gaboon for plaintiff-appellant.\nHenson Henson Bayliss & Teague, by Perry C. Henson and Gary K. Sue, for defendant-appellees."
  },
  "file_name": "0764-01",
  "first_page_order": 792,
  "last_page_order": 795
}
