{ "id": 8520192, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. SCOTT RUSSELL MANLEY", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Manley", "decision_date": "1989-08-15", "docket_number": "No. 888SC946", "first_page": "213", "last_page": "217", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "95 N.C. App. 213" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "295 S.E.2d 375", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "379", "parenthetical": "indecent liberties requires sexual purpose or lascivious act and is therefore not lesser included offense of first-degree rape" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 629", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573306 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "636" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0629-01" ] }, { "cite": "340 S.E.2d 701", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "315 N.C. 444", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4717320 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0444-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 L.Ed.2d 306", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1933, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "309", "parenthetical": "when same act violates two statutes, test is whether each requires proof of additional fact the other does not" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "284 U.S. 299", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 5719289 ], "year": 1933, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "304", "parenthetical": "when same act violates two statutes, test is whether each requires proof of additional fact the other does not" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/284/0299-01" ] }, { "cite": "370 S.E.2d 533", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "540" }, { "page": "539", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "539-40" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "322 N.C. 666", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2513005 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "678" }, { "page": "677" }, { "page": "678" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/322/0666-01" ] }, { "cite": "352 S.E.2d 673", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "683" }, { "page": "683", "parenthetical": "indecent liberties is not lesser included offense of second-degree sex offense which also requires \"sexual act\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "319 N.C. 34", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4741158 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "50" }, { "page": "51" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/319/0034-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 435, "char_count": 9072, "ocr_confidence": 0.738, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.8019886247457407e-07, "percentile": 0.8369082521799533 }, "sha256": "76fa8005ec1b85bea6f787e85083d68b6c25071a117950bf00d4c3603829236f", "simhash": "1:24b7e320a67f07e6", "word_count": 1440 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:25:49.576177+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judges ARNOLD and Lewis concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. SCOTT RUSSELL MANLEY" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "GREENE, Judge.\nThis appeal arises from defendant\u2019s convictions of first-degree rape, first-degree sexual offense, and taking indecent liberties with a child. On appeal, defendant argues the trial court should have arrested either the sex offense or indecent liberties count and that its failure to do so resulted in defendant\u2019s conviction of two crimes with the same elements which contravenes his constitutional protection against double jeopardy.\nIn State v. Etheridge, 319 N.C. 34, 50, 352 S.E.2d 673, 683 (1987), our Supreme Court stated:\nBoth the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 19 of the North Carolina Constitution prohibit multiple punishments for the same offense absent clear legislative intent to the contrary .... Where ... a single criminal transaction constitutes a violation of more than one criminal statute, the test to determine if the elements of the offenses are the same is whether each statute requires proof of a fact which the other does not ... By definition, all the essential elements of the lesser included offense are also elements of the greater offense. Invariably then, a lesser included offense requires no proof beyond that required for the greater offense, and the two crimes are considered identical for double jeopardy purposes.\n(Emphasis in original.) (Citations omitted.) The pertinent definition of first-degree sexual offense is \u201ca sexual act . . . with a victim who is a child under the age of 13 years and the defendant is at least 12 years old and is at least four years older than the victim . . . .\u201d N.C.G.S. Sec. 14-27.4(a)(l) (1986). A person is guilty of taking indecent liberties with children if, being sixteen years of age or more and at least five years older than the child in question, he or she \u201ceither (1) [w]illfully takes or attempts to take any immoral, improper, or indecent liberties with any child of either sex under the age of 16 years for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire; or (2) [w]illfully commits or attempts to commit any lewd or lascivious act upon or with the body or any part or member of the body of any child of either sex under the age of 16 years.\u201d N.C.G.S. Sec. 14-202.1(a)(l), (2) (1986).\nDefendant notes that our Supreme Court has stated that, \u201cconviction of taking indecent liberties also requires that the offense committed \u2018for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire\u2019 which is not required for conviction of first-degree sexual offense.\u201d State v. Swann, 322 N.C. 666, 678, 370 S.E.2d 533, 540 (1988). Defendant consequently argues that: (1) the only element distinguishing first-degree sex offense from indecent liberties is the latter\u2019s requirement under Section 14-202.1 that the illegal act must be performed \u201cwith the purpose of arousing and gratifying sexual desire\u201d; (2) the trial judge instructed the jury that it could convict defendant of indecent liberties if it found defendant committed either \u201ca lewd and lascivious act\u201d or an act performed \u201cfor the purpose of arousing and gratifying sexual desire\u201d; (3) the jury therefore may have convicted defendant of indecent liberties only because it found he committed a \u201clewd and lascivious act\u201d \u2014which defendant argues is not the element distinguishing first-degree sex offense from indecent liberties; and (4) therefore, the ambiguity in the jury\u2019s verdict creates the possibility the jury convicted defendant of two crimes having the same elements. Given the ambiguity of the verdict as well as an alleged lack of clear legislative intent that defendant be punished for both offenses, defendant argues the ambiguity should be resolved in his favor and one of the offenses should be arrested to protect his right against double jeopardy. Cf. Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 304, 76 L.Ed.2d 306, 309 (1933) (when same act violates two statutes, test is whether each requires proof of additional fact the other does not).\nWe reject defendant\u2019s analysis. In Swann, our Supreme Court stated that:\nIn State v. Gardner, 315 N.C. 444, 340 S.E.2d 701 (1986), we held that in single prosecutions for more than one crime . . . Blockburger has no application. We held in Gardner that it is a matter of legislative intent as to whether a defendant may receive multiple punishment if he is convicted of two crimes in one prosecution. Although the elements of two crimes may be identical, we said in Gardner, multiple sentences may be imposed if that is the intent of the Legislature. In determining the intent of the Legislature, the fact that each crime for which a defendant is convicted in one trial requires proof of an element the other does not demonstrate the Legislature\u2019s intent that the defendant may be punished for both crimes.\n322 N.C. at 677, 370 S.E.2d at 539 (emphasis added). Under Swann, the dispositive issue for defendant\u2019s appeal is whether \u201ceach crime for which [the] defendant is convicted in one trial requires proof of an element the other does not . . .\u201d Id. As defendant correctly notes, the test for determining whether there are distinctive elements between two crimes requires analyzing the legislative definitions of the crimes, even though under certain factual circumstances the offenses would not be identical. State v. Weaver, 306 N.C. 629, 295 S.E.2d 375 (1982).\nHowever, defendant mistakenly asserts that only the \u201csexual desire\u201d prong of the definition of indecent liberties under Section 14-202.1(a)(l) distinguishes indecent liberties from first-degree sex offense. First, defendant\u2019s selective citation of Swann overlooks the Court\u2019s recognition the two offenses also have differing age requirements:\nConviction of first-degree sexual offense requires the victim be under the age of 13, whereas conviction of indecent liberties requires only that the victim be under the age of 16. Conviction of taking indecent liberties requires the defendant be at least 16 years old and five years older than the victim, whereas first-degree sexual offense only requires that he be at least 12 years old and four years older than the victim.\nSwann, 322 N.C. at 678, 370 S.E.2d at 539-40.\nFurthermore, since the test is a \u201cdefinitional\u201d test, there is no logical reason to exclude the \u201clewd or lascivious act\u201d prong of the definition of indecent liberties under Section 14-202.1(a)(2). A \u201clewd or lascivious act\u201d constituting an indecent liberty need not include the \u201csexual act\u201d required for first-degree sex offense. See Etheridge, 319 N.C. at 51, 352 S.E.2d at 683 (indecent liberties is not lesser included offense of second-degree sex offense which also requires \u201csexual act\u201d); Weaver, 306 N.C. at 636, 295 S.E.2d at 379 (indecent liberties requires sexual purpose or lascivious act and is therefore not lesser included offense of first-degree rape). The word \u201clewd\u201d is defined broadly as \u201csexually unchaste or licentious, dissolute, lascivious\u201d or \u201csuggestive of or tending to moral looseness\u201d or \u201cinciting to sensual desire or imagination.\u201d Webster\u2019s Third New International Dictionary at 1301 (1968). Section 14-27.1(4) more narrowly defines a \u201csexual act\u201d as meaning \u201ccunnilingus, fellatio, analingus, or anal intercourse, but does not include vaginal intercourse. Sexual act also means the penetration, however slight, by any object into the genital or anal opening of another person\u2019s body . . .\u201d N.C.G.S. Sec. 14-27.1(4) (1986).\nTherefore, since a \u201clewd or lascivious act\u201d is not necessarily a \u201csexual act,\u201d the crime of indecent liberties under Section 14-202.1(a)(2) does not have the same elements as the crime of first-degree sexual offense under Section 14-27.4(a)(l). Accordingly, we conclude that the definitional elements of first-degree sex offense and indecent liberties are different. We therefore hold defendant\u2019s conviction of first-degree sex offense and indecent liberties did not contravene his constitutional protection against double jeopardy.\nNo error.\nJudges ARNOLD and Lewis concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "GREENE, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Associate Attorney General Howard E. Hill, for the State.", "Appellate Defender Malcolm Ray Hunter, Jr., by Assistant Appellate Defender M. Patricia DeVine, for defendant-appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. SCOTT RUSSELL MANLEY\nNo. 888SC946\n(Filed 15 August 1989)\nCriminal Law \u00a7 26.5; Rape and Allied Offenses \u00a7 2\u2014 first degree sexual offense \u2014 taking indecent liberties \u2014 different elements of offenses \u2014no double jeopardy\nDefendant could properly be convicted of first degree sexual offense and of taking indecent liberties with a child without subjecting him to double jeopardy, since the two offenses had differing age requirements, and the two offenses did not have the same elements in that the crime of indecent liberties could involve a \u201clewd or lascivious act\u201d which was not necessarily a \u201csexual act,\u201d as required by the first degree sexual offense statute. N.C.G.S. \u00a7 14-27.4(a)(l) and \u00a7 14-202.1(a)(2).\nAPPEAL by defendant from Allsbrook (Richard BJ, Judge. Judgment entered 31 March 1988 in Superior Court, WAYNE County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11 April 1989.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Associate Attorney General Howard E. Hill, for the State.\nAppellate Defender Malcolm Ray Hunter, Jr., by Assistant Appellate Defender M. Patricia DeVine, for defendant-appellant." }, "file_name": "0213-01", "first_page_order": 241, "last_page_order": 245 }