{
  "id": 8523853,
  "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. CHARLIE EDDIE CARTER",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Carter",
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    "judges": [
      "Judges Parker and Greene concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. CHARLIE EDDIE CARTER"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "EAGLES, Judge.\nDefendant makes three arguments on appeal. First, defendant asserts that the trial court erred in conducting the trial and pretrial proceedings in an improper venue. Defendant also argues that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to enter judgment and sentence because the grand jury lacked jurisdiction to indict him. Finally, defendant argues that the trial court erred in allowing the admission of certain tape recordings and transcriptions of those tape recordings. After careful consideration of defendant\u2019s assignments of error and the record on appeal, we find no error.\nDefendant\u2019s first two arguments relate to the indictments\u2019 language and the location of the alleged offenses. In order to properly address defendant\u2019s arguments, we first distinguish between jurisdiction and venue.\nStatewide jurisdiction to hear criminal matters is vested in our trial court of general jurisdiction, the Superior Court. N.C. Const. Art. IV, \u00a7 12(3) .... Because this jurisdiction is statewide, jurisdictional issues should arise only to determine: (i) whether North Carolina courts can hear the case, see State v. Batdorf, 293 N.C. 486, 238 S.E.2d 497 (1977); and (ii) which division of the General Court of Justice must first try the matter. See State v. Karbas, 28 N.C. App. 372, 221 S.E.2d 98, disc. rev. denied, 289 N.C. 618, 223 S.E.2d 394 (1976).\nOn the other hand, when deciding the proper county in which to bring the criminal action, principles of venue, not jurisdiction, are involved. Improper venue will not deprive the court of jurisdiction. State v. Cox, 48 N.C. App. 470, 269 S.E.2d 297 (1980). A jurisdictional challenge questions the \u201cvery power of this State to try [the defendant].\u201d Batdorf at 493, 238 S.E.2d at 502.\nState v. Bolt, 81 N.C. App. 133, 135-36, 344 S.E.2d 51, 53 (1986). Here the question is not whether the State has the power to prosecute the defendant, but rather where the State may prosecute him. The question is one of venue.\nDefendant\u2019s argument that Wake County lacks jurisdiction to prosecute him is without merit. Defendant relies on the common law rule which provided that a grand jury had the power to indict only for crimes allegedly committed within the county in which it sat, and \u201can indictment which alleged an offense occurred outside the county was void for lack of jurisdiction by the grand jury.\u201d See State v. Randolph, 312 N.C. 198, 207, 321 S.E. 2d 864, 870 (1984). However, our General Assembly has altered the common law rule. G.S. 15A-631 provides that:\nIn the General Court of Justice, the place for returning a presentment or indictment is a matter of venue and not jurisdiction. A grand jury shall have venue to present or indict in any case where the county in which it is sitting has venue for trial pursuant to the laws relating to trial venue.\nWith regard to the venue issue, defendant argues that the indictments affirmatively allege that all criminal conduct occurred in Franklin County. The only connection to Wake County revealed in the conspiracy indictment was that at some prior time defendant had been present in Wake County. Defendant argues that the remaining allegations in the conspiracy indictment refer to the \u201ccounty aforesaid\u201d which is Franklin County. Additionally, defendant asserts that the trafficking indictment affirmatively alleges that the sale occurred in Franklin County. Relying on State v. Batdorf, 293 N.C. 486, 238 S.E. 2d 497 (1977), defendant argues that because the indictments affirmatively allege that all criminal conduct occurred in Franklin County there was a prima facie showing that Franklin County is the proper county for venue purposes, not Wake County.\nThe State argues that Franklin and Wake counties had concurrent venue for the conspiracy charge because the indictment alleged that the offense occurred in both counties. Therefore, under G.S. 15A-132, Wake County obtained exclusive venue when it indicted defendant on these charges before the Franklin County Grand Jury. G.S. 15A-132 provides that:\n(a) If acts or omissions constituting part of the commission of the charged offense occurred in more than one county, each county has concurrent venue.\n(b) If charged offenses which may be joined in a single criminal pleading under G.S. 15A-926 occurred in more than one county, each county has concurrent venue as to all charged offenses.\n(c) When counties have concurrent venue, the first county in which a criminal process is issued in the case becomes the county with exclusive venue.\nAdditionally, the State argues that Wake County had venue for the trafficking charge because these offenses were part of the same transaction or occurrence and were joinable under G.S. 15A-926.\nWe have carefully considered defendant\u2019s argument but we are not persuaded. We do not agree that the conspiracy indictment alleges only activities that occurred in Franklin County. The conspiracy indictment names both Wake and Franklin counties. These allegations were sufficient to put defendant on notice of the crimes charged. Defendant\u2019s argument regarding the conspiracy indictment is without merit.\nThe trafficking indictment alleges only Franklin County as the location of the offense; but contrary to defendant\u2019s argument, this is not sufficient to authorize us to reverse defendant\u2019s conviction. G.S. 15-155 provides that\n[n]o judgment upon any indictment for felony or misdemeanor, whether after verdict, or by confession, or otherwise, shall be stayed or reversed ... for want of a proper and perfect venue, when the court shall appear by the indictment to have had jurisdiction of the offense.\nEven if the trafficking indictment fails to name Wake County as a county in which the offense occurred, and venue was therefore technically incorrect in Wake County, the Superior Court of Wake County had jurisdiction to try the offense. As stated previously, G.S. 15A-631 provides that the return of an indictment is a matter of venue, not jurisdiction. Defendant\u2019s argument regarding the trafficking indictment is without merit.\nDefendant also asserts that the admission of certain tape recordings and the transcripts of those tape recordings constituted reversible error. Defendant argues that the recordings contained numerous inaudible portions which caused the audible statements to be taken out of context. We find no merit in defendant\u2019s argument.\nTo lay a proper foundation for the admission of a defendant\u2019s recorded confession or incriminating statement, courts are in general agreement that the State must show to the trial court\u2019s satisfaction (1) that the recorded testimony was legally obtained and otherwise competent; (2) that the mechanical device was capable of recording testimony and that it was operating properly at the time the statement was recorded; (3) that the operator was competent and operated the machine properly; (4) the identity of the recorded voices; (5) the accuracy and authenticity of the recording; (6) that defendant\u2019s entire statement was recorded and no changes, additions, or deletions have since been made; and (7) the custody and manner in which the recording has been preserved since it was made.\nState v. Lynch, 279 N.C. 1, 17, 181 S.E. 2d 561, 571 (1971) (involving defendant\u2019s recorded confession). These seven criteria also determine the admissibility of recorded conversations between a witness and the defendant. See State v. Detter, 298 N.C. 604, 260 S.E. 2d 567 (1979). Here the trial court conducted a voir dire with respect to each tape recorded conversation and made findings of fact that complied with the requirements set forth in Lynch. The record on appeal before us contains neither the tapes nor the transcripts which were admitted into evidence. From this record we cannot say the trial court erred in admitting the tapes and transcripts into evidence.\nFor the reasons stated, we find no error in the trial court.\nNo error.\nJudges Parker and Greene concur.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "EAGLES, Judge."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Attorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorneys General Michael Rivers Morgan and Richard G. Sowerby, Jr., for the State.",
      "Winborne & Winborne, by Vaughan S. Winborne, Jr. and P. Faison S. Winborne, and Robert T. Knott, for defendant-appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. CHARLIE EDDIE CARTER\nNo. 8910SC357\n(Filed 19 December 1989)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7 71 (NCI4th)\u2014 offense occurring in two counties \u2014 concurrent venue \u2014indictment first in Wake County \u2014 trial in Wake County proper\nWake and Franklin counties had concurrent venue for a charge of conspiracy to traffic in cocaine where the indictment alleged that the offense occurred in both counties, and Wake was the proper county for trial where defendant was indicted there before being indicted by the Franklin County Grand Jury; moreover, even if an indictment for trafficking in cocaine failed to name Wake County as a county in which the offense occurred, and venue was therefore technically incorrect in Wake County, the Superior Court of Wake County had jurisdiction to try the offense. N.C.G.S. \u00a7\u00a7 15-155, 15A-132, 15A-631.\nAm Jur 2d, Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 361, 362, 366.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 70 (NCI3d)\u2014 tape-recorded conversations\u2014 admissibility\nWhere the trial court conducted a voir dire with respect to tape-recorded conversations and made findings of fact which complied with the requirements set forth in State v. Lynch, 298 N.C. 604, and the record on appeal did not contain the tapes or the transcripts which were admitted into evidence, the court on appeal finds no error in admission of the tapes and transcripts.\nAm Jur 2d, Evidence \u00a7 436.\nAPPEAL by defendant from judgment entered 16 September 1988 by Judge B. Craig Ellis in WAKE County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 22 September 1989.\nDefendant wa.s indicted in Wake County for conspiracy to traffic in cocaine and trafficking in cocaine. The indictments contained the following charges:\nThe Grand Jurors upon their oath present, that Charlie Eddie Carter, Rayford Doughty and others, late of the counties of Wake and Franklin on the 12th day of February, 1988 with force and arms, at and in the County aforesaid, did unlawfully, willfully, and feloniously agree, plan, combine, conspire and confederate each with the other to commit the felony of trafficking in cocaine. . . .\nThe Grand Jurors for the State upon their oath present that on or about the 12th day of February, 1988 in Franklin County the defendant named above [Charlie Eddie Carter] unlawfully, willfully and feloniously did commit the felony of trafficking in cocaine by selling to Rayford Doughty more than 400 grams of a mixture containing cocaine. . . .\nDefendant made pretrial motions to dismiss the charges for improper venue and lack of jurisdiction. Defendant argued that the indictments charged offenses that did not occur in Wake County. The trial court denied defendant\u2019s motions.\nAt trial defendant objected to the trial court\u2019s ruling that certain tape recordings and transcripts of the tape recordings were admissible. The jury found defendant guilty of both charges. From a consolidated judgment entered on the verdicts, defendant appeals.\nAttorney General Lacy H. Thornburg, by Assistant Attorneys General Michael Rivers Morgan and Richard G. Sowerby, Jr., for the State.\nWinborne & Winborne, by Vaughan S. Winborne, Jr. and P. Faison S. Winborne, and Robert T. Knott, for defendant-appellant."
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