{ "id": 8522678, "name": "GAIL WEST MEDLIN, Guardian Ad Litem for PAMELA LYNN MEDLIN, Plaintiff v. VANN J. BASS, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; LUTHER BALDWIN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; WARREN W. SMITH, FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; RUSSELL E. ALLEN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Medlin v. Bass", "decision_date": "1989-12-05", "docket_number": "No. 889SC1079", "first_page": "410", "last_page": "417", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "96 N.C. App. 410" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C. Ct. App.", "id": 14983, "name": "North Carolina Court of Appeals" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "346 S.E.2d 140", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "317 N.C. 334", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4780326, 4777709, 4778478, 4779983, 4776954 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/317/0334-03", "/nc/317/0334-02", "/nc/317/0334-05", "/nc/317/0334-01", "/nc/317/0334-04" ] }, { "cite": "340 S.E.2d 116", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 N.C. App. 483", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8521761 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/79/0483-01" ] }, { "cite": "276 S.E.2d 325", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "302 N.C. 437", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567370 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/302/0437-01" ] }, { "cite": "180 S.E.2d 823", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "830" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "278 N.C. 523", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561041 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "534" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/278/0523-01" ] }, { "cite": "254 S.E.2d 281", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "283" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "41 N.C. App. 107", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8547937 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "109" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/41/0107-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 710, "char_count": 17900, "ocr_confidence": 0.746, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.947487136851577e-08, "percentile": 0.31090441952407266 }, "sha256": "6ff6a7197889a257edce1d81870442a9073771875347fc89aad352b8c7e531a3", "simhash": "1:3fc318ee646a7254", "word_count": 2833 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:28:35.242103+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "Judge BECTON concurs." ], "parties": [ "GAIL WEST MEDLIN, Guardian Ad Litem for PAMELA LYNN MEDLIN, Plaintiff v. VANN J. BASS, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; LUTHER BALDWIN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; WARREN W. SMITH, FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; RUSSELL E. ALLEN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendants" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "LEWIS, Judge.\nBy complaint and amended complaint, plaintiff sets forth several claims for relief. Plaintiff alleges that during the 1984-85 school year Vann J. Bass (Bass) was the principal of Bunn Elementary School in Franklin County and an employee of the Franklin County public schools. Warren W. Smith (Smith) was employed by the Franklin County Board of Education (Board of Education) as the superintendent of the Board of Education. The Board of Education employed Russell E. Allen (Allen) as its Assistant Superintendent and Luther Baldwin (Baldwin) as a truancy officer. The complaint also alleges the Board of Education has waived its liability for damages from the negligence of its employees by purchasing liability insurance. The complaint alleges that Bass twice assaulted Pamela Lynn Medlin, a nine-year-old, fourth grade student, during the first few days of the 1984-85 school year.\nPlaintiff seeks to recover from Bass for assault and battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, negligent furnishing of services, negligent failure to report child abuse and breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint sets forth claims for relief against Smith and Allen for negligent investigation, hiring and supervising of Bass. Plaintiff seeks to recover for Baldwin\u2019s alleged intentional infliction of emotional distress and failure to properly investigate Pamela Medlin\u2019s school attendance problems. The complaint also alleges that all actions by Bass, Smith, Allen and Baldwin should be attributed to the Board of Education and asserts each claim for relief previously described against the Board of Education.\nPlaintiff seeks in excess of $10,000.00 compensatory damages and punitive damages in excess of $10,000.00. Plaintiff also requests attorneys\u2019 fees and costs. On 26 April 1988, the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Smith, Allen, Baldwin and the Board of Education. The claims against Bass remain.\nPlaintiff appeals on the grounds that there were genuine issues of material fact which should not have been decided on a motion for summary judgment. Defendants Smith, Allen, Baldwin and the Board of Education assign error to the trial court\u2019s consideration of a certain supplemental affidavit. We have reviewed plaintiff\u2019s assignment of error and conclude summary judgment was properly granted as to these defendants. Having reached this conclusion, we do not address defendants\u2019 assignment of error.\nSummary judgment should be granted \u201cif the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\u201d G.S. 1A-1, Rule 56(c). A defendant may be entitled to summary judgment if he can show \u201cthere is no genuine issue of material fact concerning an essential element of the claimant\u2019s claim for relief and that the claimant cannot prove the existence of that element.\u201d Best v. Perry, 41 N.C. App. 107, 109, 254 S.E.2d 281, 283 (1979). \u201cWhere there is no genuine issue as to the facts, the presence of important or difficult questions of law is no barrier to the granting of summary judgment.\u201d Kessing v. Mortgage Corp., 278 N.C. 523, 534, 180 S.E.2d 823, 830 (1971).\nThe evidence presented at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment showed that before working in Franklin County Bass had been employed as a teacher and principal in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, for approximately ten years. In June 1968, Bass sexually assaulted a male junior high school student. Bass testified that he was confronted by Rocky Mount school Superintendent O. C. Fields (Fields) about the incident and decided to resign. Bass does not recall discussing the assault with anyone other than Fields and the student\u2019s father, and Bass did not admit or deny the assault to Fields. The student testified that he and his father did not attempt to make the incident the focus of public attention. Following his resignation from the Rocky Mount schools, Bass moved to his mother\u2019s home in Franklin County and did not work until he applied with the Franklin County schools on 2 January 1969.\nBass testified that he applied to teach at the request of Franklin County principal W. H. Kelly (Kelly). The employment application asked for three references. Margaret Holmes (Holmes), Associate Superintendent of Franklin County schools in 1969, testified that in 1969 it was the policy in that county to contact two of the three references listed on the employment application, preferably references with the most job-related contact. Holmes contacted one of Bass\u2019 references, Millie Moore, by telephone and was told Bass left Rocky Mount for health reasons which would not affect his performance in Franklin County. On 7 February, Smith mailed reference sheets to Millie Moore and another of the references listed on Bass\u2019 application, Ella Moore. The completed reference sheets were not received by Franklin County schools until 11 and 13 February 1969.\nOn 7 January 1969, Smith informed Bass that the Board of Education had elected Bass to begin teaching at Bunn High School on 3 February 1969. On 19 May 1969, Bass applied for a principal position in Franklin County and was hired for this position in June. No reference sheets were requested when Bass was hired as principal because an investigation had been done a few months earlier in connection with his teaching application.\nIn late February or early March 1969, after Bass was hired as a teacher but before he became principal, Kelly asked Holmes to investigate a rumor that Bass was a homosexual. Holmes visited Fields, the Rocky Mount school superintendent and the third reference listed on Bass\u2019 employment application. Holmes testified that in response to specific questions, Fields stated he had no knowledge or record of Bass\u2019 homosexuality. Smith knew Holmes went to Rocky Mount to investigate the rumor and was informed of the substance of her investigation. Fields testified he does not remember Holmes asking about Bass\u2019 alleged homosexuality but he does recall talking with Smith personally about Bass\u2019 performance as a principal.\nBass resigned his principal position in Franklin County following a complaint to the Board of Education that he had assaulted Pamela. Previously Bass had discussed Pamela\u2019s attendance problems with her family but had never received any indication that Pamela\u2019s attendance problems were related \u25a0 to him personally.\nThe claims against Smith as superintendent of schools and agent of the Board of Education are based on negligent investigation, hiring and supervision of Bass. Plaintiff contends that since the evidence shows Bass left his position in Rocky Mount after the first alleged assault incident, then Smith negligently investigated and hired Bass and summary judgment was not proper as to these claims. However, the evidence shows that Bass\u2019 employment application was investigated according to policy and there is no evidence that Smith was informed of or knew about the Rocky Mount incident when Bass was hired. Plaintiff did not present evidence that Smith knew of the Rocky Mount incident or that he could reasonably have found out about it by conducting a more thorough investigation. The evidence also shows that Smith properly supervised Bass. Smith completed the required yearly evaluations, and plaintiff presented no evidence that Smith knew of the alleged assaults on Pamela and failed to act. The trial court did not err in granting summary judgment as to those claims based on Smith\u2019s actions.\nThe claims against Allen are also based on negligent investigation, hiring and supervision of Bass. The undisputed evidence shows that Allen was not employed by the Franklin County School System until 12 years after Bass was hired. Summary judgment on the claims for negligent hiring and investigation were proper. As to the claim for negligent supervision of Bass, Allen testified that during the period he served as Assistant Superintendent his duties did not include supervision of principals. Summary judgment on this claim was proper.\nPlaintiff alleges Baldwin was negligent in performing his duty to investigate Pamela\u2019s truancy problems. There is no evidence that anyone at any time indicated to Baldwin that Pamela was missing school because of the alleged assault by Bass. The evidence shows Baldwin performed his duty, and summary judgment was proper on this claim. Plaintiff also brought a claim against Baldwin for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The claim is based on Baldwin\u2019s actions of instigating the filing of a juvenile petition against Pamela because of her truancy problems. The elements of this tort are (1) extreme and outrageous conduct, (2) which is intended to cause and does cause (3) severe emotional distress. Dickens v. Puryear, 302 N.C. 437, 276 S.E.2d 325 (1981). Plaintiff has not presented evidence of any element of this tort. There is no evidence Baldwin knew of the alleged assault or that he intended to cause severe emotional distress to Pamela. The evidence showed adherence to his job expectations and requirements. Summary judgment on this claim was proper.\nThe claims against the Board of Education are based on the imputed acts of Smith, Allen, Baldwin and Bass. As discussed above, summary judgment was properly granted on the claims against Smith, Allen and Baldwin, and there is no liability on the basis of actions of these employees.\nAs to the claims based on Bass\u2019 alleged conduct, summary judgment was also proper. An employer can be held vicariously liable for the torts of its employees in three situations: (1) when the employer expressly authorizes the employee\u2019s act; (2) when the employee\u2019s act is committed in the scope of his employment and in furtherance of the employer\u2019s business; or (3) when the employer ratifies the employee\u2019s act. Hogan v. Forsyth Country Club Co., 79 N.C. App. 483, 340 S.E.2d 116, disc. rev. denied, 317 N.C. 334, 346 S.E.2d 140 (1986). In this case, there is no claim of express authorization of Bass\u2019 alleged torts. Also, there was no ratification of Bass\u2019 alleged acts; the Board of Education had no prior notice of Bass\u2019 conduct and immediately sought Bass\u2019 resignation upon learning of plaintiff\u2019s allegations. Finally, there are no issues of material fact as to whether Bass was acting in the scope of his employment and in furtherance of the Board of Education\u2019s business; Bass was not performing the business he was employed to do when the alleged assaults occurred. Summary judgment as to those claims against the school board was proper.\nAffirmed.\nJudge BECTON concurs.\nJudge Phillips dissents.", "type": "majority", "author": "LEWIS, Judge." }, { "text": "Judge Phillips\ndissenting.\nIn my opinion whether defendant Bass\u2019s alleged abuse of plaintiff occurred within the scope of his employment by the school board is a question of fact, not law, and the claim against the board on that ground was erroneously dismissed. Bass\u2019s scope of employment was not confined to doing good, as the majority implicitly holds. As principal his job was to operate the school and control the children while school was in session; and according to plaintiff\u2019s evidence, his abuse of her occurred during school hours in his office where she went pursuant to his directive. Thus, her materials indicate that Bass\u2019s abuse arose out of his job related authority and circumstances that the law of this state and the school board operating under it created. For the board assigned her to that school and she was required to attend it and obey those placed over her, and in obeying his instructions to go to his office she was abused. Since the board endowed Bass with authority and control over the school and Bass exercised that authority to abuse plaintiff, it can be reasonably inferred, it seems to me, that the board\u2019s work of operating the school and controlling the children was very definitely involved in plaintiff\u2019s abuse. That the board did not authorize Bass\u2019s wrongful act is beside the point, as only criminals such as the Mafia hire people to do wrong; and those who conduct their business through others are as accountable for their employees\u2019 mishaps as they are entitled to profit from their beneficial acts. This decision ironically and unjustly would leave beyond the law\u2019s pale the rights of all children of this state who daily follow the law\u2019s mandate and submit themselves to the dominion of school, kindergarten and day care officials and suffer because of it. I do not believe the law requires any such thing.\nI also am of the opinion that it was error to dismiss the claim against Superintendent Smith for negligently investigating the report of Bass\u2019s past sexual abuses. For defendant\u2019s materials indicate that though his reported activities and tendencies were most serious for one having control of small children, only a haphazard, inept, token investigation was conducted; indeed, instead of establishing as a matter of law that the investigation was accomplished with either diligence or due care, they support the inference, in my view, that it was negligently conducted.", "type": "dissent", "author": "Judge Phillips" } ], "attorneys": [ "Kirk, Gay, Kirk, Gwynn & Howell, by Andy W. Gay and Katherine McCraw, for plaintiff-appellant.", "Young, Moore, Henderson & Alvis, P.A., by David P. Sousa and Theodore S. Danchi, for defendants-appellees Warren W. Smith, Russell E. Allen and Luther Baldwin.", "Patterson, Dilthey, Clay, Cranfill, Sumner & Hartzog, by David H. Batten; and Davis, Sturges & Tomlinson, by Charles M. Davis, for defendant-appellee Franklin County Board of Education." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "GAIL WEST MEDLIN, Guardian Ad Litem for PAMELA LYNN MEDLIN, Plaintiff v. VANN J. BASS, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; LUTHER BALDWIN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; WARREN W. SMITH, FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; RUSSELL E. ALLEN, Individually and as agent for FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION; FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Defendants\nNo. 889SC1079\n(Filed 5 December 1989)\n1. Schools \u00a7 12.1 (NCI3d)\u2014 superintendent \u2014 no negligent investigation, hiring, and supervision of principal\nThe trial court properly entered summary judgment for defendant superintendent of schools in plaintiffs action based on negligent investigation, hiring, and supervision of a principal where the evidence showed that the principal\u2019s employment application was investigated according to policy; there was no evidence that defendant knew about a ten year old allegation of sexual assault of a student which had been made against the principal in another school district; plaintiff did not present evidence that defendant could reasonably have found out about the incident by conducting a more thorough investigation; defendant completed the required yearly evaluations of the principal; and plaintiff presented no evidence that defendant knew of the alleged assaults of a female student in his school and failed to act.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal, County, School, and State Tort Liability \u00a7\u00a7 524, 633-636.\n2. Schools \u00a7 12.1 (NCI3d) \u2014 assistant superintendent \u2014 no negligent investigation, hiring, and supervision of principal\nThe trial court properly entered summary judgment for defendant assistant superintendent of schools in plaintiff\u2019s action based on negligent investigation, hiring, and supervision of a principal where the undisputed evidence showed that defendant was not employed by the school system until 12 years after the principal was hired, and during the time defendant served as assistant superintendent, his duties did not include supervision of principals.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal, County, Schools, and State Tort Liability \u00a7\u00a7 524, 633-636.\n3. Schools \u00a7 13 (NCI3d|\u2014 truant officer \u2014 no negligence in investigation of child\u2019s truancy problems \u2014 no intentional infliction of emotional distress\nThe trial court properly granted summary judgment for defendant truant officer on plaintiff\u2019s claim of negligence in defendant\u2019s performance of his duty to investigate a child\u2019s truancy problems and on plaintiff\u2019s claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress, since there was no evidence that anyone at any time indicated to defendant that the child was missing school because of an alleged assault by her school principal; the infliction of emotional distress claim was based on defendant\u2019s instigating the filing of a juvenile petition against the child because of her truancy problems; plaintiff presented no evidence of any element of this tort; and there was no evidence that defendant knew of the alleged assault or that he intended to cause severe emotional distress to the child.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal, County, School, and State Tort Liability \u00a7\u00a7 524, 633-636.\n4. Schools \u00a7 4.1 (NCI3d)\u2014 principal\u2019s assaults on student \u2014 acts not imputed to school hoard\nThe trial court properly entered summary judgment for defendant board of education based on the imputed acts of a school principal in assaulting a student where there was no claim of express authorization of the principal\u2019s alleged torts; there was no ratification of the principal\u2019s alleged acts; defendant had no prior notice of the principal\u2019s conduct and immediately sought his resignation upon learning of plaintiff\u2019s allegations; and there were no issues of material fact as to whether the principal was acting in the scope of his employment and in furtherance of defendant\u2019s business when the alleged assaults occurred.\nAm Jur 2d, Municipal, County, School, and State Tort Liability \u00a7\u00a7 524, 633-636.\nJudge Phillips dissenting.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Order entered 26 April 1988 in Superior Court, Franklin County, by Judge Jack B. Crawley. Heard in the Court of Appeals 9 May 1989.\nThe trial court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants Luther Baldwin, Warren W. Smith, Russell E. Allen, and the Franklin County Board of Education. Plaintiff appeals.\nKirk, Gay, Kirk, Gwynn & Howell, by Andy W. Gay and Katherine McCraw, for plaintiff-appellant.\nYoung, Moore, Henderson & Alvis, P.A., by David P. Sousa and Theodore S. Danchi, for defendants-appellees Warren W. Smith, Russell E. Allen and Luther Baldwin.\nPatterson, Dilthey, Clay, Cranfill, Sumner & Hartzog, by David H. Batten; and Davis, Sturges & Tomlinson, by Charles M. Davis, for defendant-appellee Franklin County Board of Education." }, "file_name": "0410-01", "first_page_order": 442, "last_page_order": 449 }