{ "id": 8652046, "name": "THE STATE v. RHODA PARKER", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Parker", "decision_date": "1890-02", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "711", "last_page": "714", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "106 N.C. 711" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "105 N. C., 56", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8652231 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/105/0056-01" ] }, { "cite": "104 N. C., 354", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651349 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/104/0354-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 Ired., 289", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11275025 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/35/0289-01" ] }, { "cite": "6 Ired., 23", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11273665 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/28/0023-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 Jones, 194", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Jones", "case_ids": [ 2088658 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/52/0194-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 N. C., 268", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8650106 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/99/0268-01" ] }, { "cite": "92 N. C., 417", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11273978 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/92/0417-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N. C., 170", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11272974 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/93/0170-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 N. C, 135", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11273605 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/98/0135-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 408, "char_count": 6282, "ocr_confidence": 0.52, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.1294924572321e-07, "percentile": 0.8611837987465678 }, "sha256": "f2fb368e3cb9471d6b095d72d0841b7153d5a528a9a97cbde5e499efc589b3c8", "simhash": "1:ab8b66bc2e940715", "word_count": 1103 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:21:20.066111+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "THE STATE v. RHODA PARKER." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Clark, J.:\nThe first assignment of error is, that a witness for the State was allowed to testify, after objection, that the defendant was forty years of age, and that he stated this upon information had from defendant\u2019s sister. As it did not affirmatively appear that the sister was dead at the time of the trial, the evidence was improperly admitted. Hodges v. Hodges (at this term), and cases there cited.\nThe defendant testified that she was tbiriy-six years old at the trial, with the view of showing that she was about thirteen years of age at the time of the alleged first marriage. The evidence was conflicting as to whether there was a first marriage, and as to its date. The jury, upon the evidence, found that there was.such first marriage.\nThis being so, it is immaterial whether defendant, at its date, was thirteeen years of age, as she contends, or over fourteen, as contended by the State; for, upon' any view of the evidence, the defendant had lived with such- husband over twenty years, and has borne him ten children. The evidence, therefore, was merely irrelevant, and as it could not have prejudiced the defendant, its admission affords' no ground for a new trial Scoggins v. Turner, 98 N. C, 135; Jones v. Call, 93 N. C., 170; Dupree v. Ins. Co., 92 N. C., 417. And the burden is on appellant to show that he has been prejudiced by the admission of immaterial evidence. Livingston v. Dunlap, 99 N. C., 268.\nWhile marriage is a contract, it differs from other contracts in many respects, especially in that it eau be entered into by minors. The Code, \u00a7 1810, i-t is true, provides that a marriage by a female under fourteen years of age, or a male person under sixteen, is void, but the proviso speaks of its being \u201cdeclared void,\u201d and the construction of the statute by the Courts has always been that the meaning is that such marriages are voidable. The only marriages (under section 1810) which are absolutely void are those between a white person and one of negro or Indian blood (or descent to the third generation inclusive), and bigamous marriages. The others need to be \u201cdeclared void.\u201d That has not been done here, and defendant\u2019s first marriage is still a valid one. Indeed, it may be doubted if such marriage can be declared invalid when the parties have ratified it by cohabitation after arriving at the age of-consent. \u201cIf the parties, after arriving at the above specified ago of consent, continue to cohabit and live together as man and wife, this is a ratification.\u201d Coke on Littleton, 79; 1 Black. Com., 436; 1 Bish. Marriage and Divorce, 150 (4th ed ), and Pearson, C. J , in Koonce v. Wallace, 7 Jones, 194. Though the form of the statute has been somewhat changed since the latter decision, the \u201creason of the thing\u201d is the same. The evidence here of more than twenty years\u2019 cohabitation, and ten children resulting from it, is uncontradicted and should be ample proof of ratification.\nThe second exception is, that the Court told the jury that if defendant was united in marriage to her alleged husband by a colored preacher (shown in the evidence to have been an elder in the colored Methodist Church), with or without license, it was a lawful marriage. The Code, \u00a7 1813, forbids any officer or minister from performing the ceremony of marriage unless the license therein required shall be produced. The failure to comply with the requirements as to the license \u201csubjects the officer or minister to the penalty (denounced by The Code, \u00a71817), but the marriage is, notwithstanding, good to every intent and purpose.\u201d State v. Robbins, 6 Ired., 23. The Code, \u00a71812, authorizes the solemnization of the ceremony by \u201can ordained minister of any religious denomination, or a Justice of the Peace.\u201d A reference to the \u201cBook of Discipline,\u201d as authorized by the precedent set in State v. Bray, 13 Ired., 289, shows that an elder in the colored M. E. Church is always an \u201cordained minister.\u201d It may be noted that the statute now is broader than when the decision in State v. Bray was rendered, and the failure to show that the minister possessed certain qualifications then required by the statute, and which caused that case to be sent back for a new trial, is now immaterial.\nThe third exception is, that the Court did not instruct the jury that the weight of the evidence was that there had been no such first marriage, as alleged by the State. Had the Judge done so, it would have been a violation of the Act of 1796, now The Code, \u00a7413.\nThe fourth and last exception is \u201c to the charge as given.\u201d The whole charge is not sent up. Had it been, still this exception is too general to be considered. McKinnon v. Morrison, 104 N. C., 354; Taylor v. Plummer, 105 N. C., 56.\nNo error.", "type": "majority", "author": "Clark, J.:" } ], "attorneys": [ "The Attorney General, for the State.", "Mr. T. IT. Sutton, for the defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "THE STATE v. RHODA PARKER.\nMarriage \u2014 Husband and Wife \u2014 Ratification\u2014Bigamy.\n1. The admission of testimony, incompetent because irrelevant, will not be sufficient to warrant a new trial, unless it is apparent that the party against whom it is admitted was, or might have been, prejudiced thereby, and the burden is on the party objecting to show that fact.\n2. Marriages entered into by a female under fourteen, or a male under sixteen, are not void, but voidable.\n3. \"Where a marriage is entered into by one under the legal age, but is followed by a cohabitation of twenty years, the parties acknowledging each other and being lecognized as husband and wife,-though such mama go in its inception is invalid, by reason of such ratification by the parties, it wll not be declared void.\n4. The failure to procure a license to marry will not-invalidate a marriage otherwise good.\n5. An elder in the colored Methodist Church is \u201can ordained minister\u201d of the Gospel within the meaning of the statute, and, as such, can celebrate the rites of matrimony.\n6. An exception to the charge \u201c as a whole \u201d will not be considered.\n7. A witness will not be allowed to testify in respect to the age of a party, when his evidence is based upon information derived from a third person who is still living.\nIndictment for Bigamy, tried at January Term, 1890, of CUMBERLAND Superior Court, Bynum,, J., presiding.\nThere was a verdict of guilty, and from the judgment pronounced thereon the defendant appealed.\nThe Attorney General, for the State.\nMr. T. IT. Sutton, for the defendant." }, "file_name": "0711-01", "first_page_order": 737, "last_page_order": 740 }