{
  "id": 8651657,
  "name": "THE STATE v. JOE AVERT",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Avert",
  "decision_date": "1891-09",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "798",
  "last_page": "802",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "109 N.C. 798"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:47:39.876308+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE STATE v. JOE AVERT."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "MehrimoN, C. J.\nafter stating the facts: The statute (The Code, \u00a7 985, p. 5) as amended by the subsequent statute (Act 1885, ch. 42) provides that \u201cany person who shall wilfully burn or destroy any other person\u2019s corn, cotton, wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, rice, tobacco, hay, straw, fodder, shucks or other provender in a stack, hill or pen, or secured in any other way, out of doors, grass or sedge standing on the land, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,\u201d etc. In our judgment, this statute plainly refers to and embraces only cotton and the other things specified therein, not within doors \u2014 not-housed and thus secured, as in a barn, gin-house or the like. It refers to cotton and the other things secured in any other way \u201cout of doors\u201d in the field \u2014 \u201con the land\u201d \u2014 the farm where they were produced, or some other land, so as in some way secured without doors \u2014 without the barn, gin-house or other like enclosure. The words \u201cin a stack, hill or pen,\u201d \u201c out of doors,\u201d \u201c the grass or sedge standing on the land,\u201d applied to the several things specified in their connection, are apt and appropriate to refer to and imply such things so situate and secured \u201cout of doors.\u201d The purpose is to protect such things so exposed and imperfectly secured \u201c out of doors \u201d in the fields, on the farm \u201c the land \u201d of the person who owns or has control of them. In any reasonable view of their meaning, application and connection, they cannot refer to and embrace cotton stored in 'a railroad car standing on a railroad track at a depot, whether to be thus and there secured temporarily or shipped to some other place. Cotton and the other things specified secured in a car on the railroad are not secured in some other way out of doors on the land, in the sense of the statute. When thus secured on the car they have been taken from the place\u2014 the land \u2014 where they were secured \u201cout of doors\u201d and are on the way to market to be used, or on the way to be again housed or secured in a stack, hill or pen, or in some other way \u201cout of doors.\u201d The burning or destruction of such things on a car does not come within the mischief to be remedied by the statute \u2014 the burning or destruction of them when they are ordinarily secured out of doors.\nThe indictment should appropriately in the' proper connections charge that the cotton or other thing burned or destroyed was in a stack, or as otherwise in a way described secured \u201c out of doors \u201d In this case it fails as to matter of substance to charge-the offence defined by the statute. It does not charge, in substance or effect, that the cotton in some way described was secured \u201cout of doors\u201d \u2014 it simply charges the burning on the railroad in a railroad car. For the reasons stated this is not sufficient.\nIt seems that the Legislature supposed and intended that the statute (The Code, \u00a7 985, pp. 6, 7), in respect to burning barns, gin-houses and other buildings, would be sufficient to protect grain, cotton and the like stored in them in doors on the land. This appears to be a case in which the defendant might appropriately have been indicted for malicious injury to personal property as defined by the statute (The Code, \u00a7 1082), but in no view of the present indictment will it suffice to charge that offence.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "MehrimoN, C. J."
      },
      {
        "text": "Clark, J.\n(dissenting):. The statute (The Code, \u00a7 985, \u00b6 5) makes it indictable to wilfulty burn or destroy any of the articles therein named when \u201cin a stack, hill or pen, or secured in any other way out of doors.\u201d The expression \u201c out of doors\u201d means simply \u201cnot in a house.\u201d If in a house, then these articles are protected by paragraphs 6 and 7 of this section in regard to burning barns, gin-houses and other buildings. This subsection 5 was intended to protect them when not so housed, but \u201cin a stack, hill or pen, or otherwise secured.\u201d The article here, cotton, is one of those enumerated. It was \u201c out of doors,\u201d that is, not in a house. Though not in a hill, stack or pen, it was \u201c otherwise secured,\u201d and is properly charged in the indictment as \u201c then and there secured in a car, the property of the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company.\u201d It seems conceded; in the opinion of the Court, that property of the description named is not protected against burning when off the premises where grown, except in those cases where an indictment would lie for injury to personal property. The Code, \u00a7 1082. If this is so, the defendant who has been found guilty of the \u201c wilful and unlawful\u201d burning of twenty bales of cotton secured out of doors has keen guilty of no offence, because the cotton was in transit and off the farm where grown, and he and others would be at full liberty to \u201c wilfully and unlawfully burn or destroy \u201d the vast amount of farm produce daily in transit on railroads and other conveyances, or camped out at night in the country wagons, covered and uncovered, which bring such a large part of the farm produce mentioned in this' subsection to market. I do not think so broad a \u201ccasus omissus\u201d was left by the law-making power. There are no words in the statute restricting its application to the burning and destruction if done on the farm, and the Courts are not called on, by a fair and reasonable interpretation of the statute, to leave farm produce \u201csecured out of doors\u201d unprotected if it is being moved from the place of its production, for section 1082, supra, does not make any burning or destruction indictable if done merely \u201c wilfully and unlawfully.\u201d The words \u201con the land\u201d are not in the original section, and in the amendment to it they only refer to \u201cgrass or sedge\u201d standing \u201con the land.\u201d\nPer curiam. Error.",
        "type": "dissent",
        "author": "Clark, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "The Attorney General, for the State.",
      "Mr. John Devereux, Jr., for defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE STATE v. JOE AVERT.\nBurning Cotton \u2014 Malicious Injury to Personal Property.\nOne who burnt cotton, secured in a railroad car, cannot be convicted under the statute making it a misdemeanor to burn or destroy any other person\u2019s cotton, etc., in a stack, hill or pen, or secured in some other way out of doors. It seems that he would be guilty of malicious injury to personal property.\nINDICTMENT, tried before Bynum, J., at Fall Term, 1891, of Bukke Superior Court.\nThe indictment charges that the defendant at, etc., \u201c wil-fully and unlawfullj\u2019 did burn and destroy twenty bales of cotton, the property of the Dunevant Cotton Manufacturing Company, which said cotton being then and there secured on a'car, the property of the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company, against the form of the statute,\u201d etc. The' defendant pleaded not guilty. On the trial it was in evidence that the defendant and two other small boys were playing in a box-car loaded with cotton, standing on the railroad at the depot at Morganton; that the defendant lighted a candle and fastened it in the floor and near the cotton, when one of the boys was about to put it out, and he prevented him, saying he would watch it. The cotton was soon on fire and it and the car were burned and destroyed. There was also evidence of threats made by the defendant that he would get even with the railroad company if he had to burn the depot, for cutting off his leg, etc.\nThe defendant requested the Court to instruct the jury \u201c that unless the cotton was out of doors, the defendant cannot be convicted, and the cotton not being out of doors he cannot be convicted.\u201d\nThere was a verdict of guilty, and the defendant moved in arrest of judgment upon the ground that it appears by the indictment that the cotton charged to have been burned was cotton in bales secured in a car, and the statute alleged to have been violated has no application; that it applies only to cases where cotton and other things therein specified burned or destroyed, are \u201cout-of doors;\u201d that is,in the field, etc. The Court denied the motion and entered* judgment against the defendant, and he excepted and appealed.\nThe Attorney General, for the State.\nMr. John Devereux, Jr., for defendant."
  },
  "file_name": "0798-01",
  "first_page_order": 832,
  "last_page_order": 836
}