#### C. E. MANGUM v. NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY.

(Filed 10 October, 1907).

Railroads — Negligence—Duty to Passengers — Platforms—Ingress and Egress.

A railroad company owes a duty to its passengers to keep its depot platforms used by them as a means of egress and ingress free from obstructions and dangerous instrumentalities, especially at a time when its passengers are hurrying to and from its cars. And it is responsible for tbe actionable negligence of a newspaper porter in carrying a truck of newspapers to tbe train, when it customarily permitted such to be done if tbe papers were sent to tbe train too late for its own employees to reasonably handle them, not being compelled to receive them under such circumstances.

Civil action, tried at February Term, 1901, of Wake Superior Court, before Jones, J., and a jury.

These» issues were submitted: 1. Was plaintiff injured by tbe negligence of tbe defendant, as alleged in the complaint ? Ans. “Yes.” 2. Did plaintiff, by bis own negligence, contribute to tbe in jury complained of ? Ans. “No.” 3. What damage, . if any, is plaintiff entitled to recover ? Ans. “$7,500.” From tbe judgment rendered defendant appealed.

Charles U. Harris for plaintiff.

F. II. Busbee and A. B. Andrews; Jr., for defendant.

BeowN, J.

Tbe evidence tends to prove that tbe plaintiff, on tbe night of 4 July, 1908, was a passenger on defendant’s *153train, en route from Ealeigb to Danville, Va. He passed through the gates of the defendant’s station at Ealeigh, and as he was waiting along the platform used by passengers to reach the cars he was run into- and seriously injured by a truck loaded with newspapers. It was in evidence that the man in charge of the truck was not employed by the railroad, but was employed by a newspaper, and it was his business to handle the newspaper mail. When the newspaper mail reaches the station in time it is the custom for the railroad truck hands to take the mail from the gate down to the train. When the newspapers arrive too late to be taken at the gate by the truck hands the man who brings the newspapers down from the office takes them down to the cars and delivers them to the mail agents at the mail car. Witness E. E. Lumsden testified that the newspaper mail was handled by the railroad porters when it got to. the gate befbre the transfer clerk and the porters went down with the regular mail. If it arrived in time the railroad porters took the mail down to the mail car, but if the newspaper mail got to the gate after the porters had gone down with the mail, the person who brought the newspaper mail took it down to the mail car and unloaded it. “When we went down with the mail on the night of 4 July, 1903, the newspaper mail had not come. A colored boy, named Lunsford Davis, handled the newspaper mail to the depot for the newspaper at that time.” The witness heard of the accident either that night or .the next day.

The only question presented for our consideration is the liability of defendant to plaintiff' for the negligence of the newspaper porter, upon the above facts. • It seems now to be almost elementary that one of the recognized duties of a railway company that undertakes to carry passengers is to keep its station premises in a reasonably safe condition, so that those who patronize it may pass safely to and from the cars. Pineus v. Railroad, 140 N. C., 450; Wood on Railways, 310, 1341, 1349. This duty extends not only to the condi*154tion of the platform itself, whereon passengers- walls to and from the trains, but also to the manner in which that platform is allowed by the common carrier to be used. Western v. Railroad Co., 13 N. Y., 595; Wood, supra. The defendant owed a duty to plaintiff, and to all other passengers, to keep its depot platforms used by them as means of ingress and egress free from obstructions and dangerous instrument-alities, especially at a time when its passengers are hurrying to and from its ears. Pineus v. Railroad, supra; Railroad v. Johnson, 36 Kan., 169.

The fact that the injury to plaintiff was inflicted' by the negligence of the newspaper porter, who, with defendants consent, was on his way from the gates to the mail car with the truck loaded with papers, does not relieve the defendant from its contractual obligation to plaintiff, and we find no authority which sustains the contention .that it does. , The liability does not arise because defendant might reasonably have anticipated just what happened, but grows out of its duty to plaintiff to furnish him reasonably safe passage to the train. The defendant is not bound to accept newspapers and deliver them to the mail car unless the newspaper company delivers its papers at the gates in reasonable time for the defendant, through its own agents and employees, to take them at the gates and transport them to the mail car. If the defendant customarily permitted the newspaper porter, when late in his delivery, to push the truck along the-platform inside the gates when passengers are hurrying to and fro, the defendant must be liable for the porter’s negligent conduct while using the station platform, upon the principle that it has temporarily accepted him as its servant. Railroad v. Gustafson, 21 Col., 393; Kimball v. Cushman, 103 Mass., 194; Hill v. Morey, 26 Vt., 178; Oil Creek v. Kreighton, 74 Pa., 316; Demmitt v. Railroad, 40 Mo. Appeals, 654.

*155Tbe fact tbat tbe newspaper company may also be liable for tbe negligence of its servant as a tort does not relieve tbe defendant from its contract obligations to furnish plaintiff a safe passage to its train. Tbe case of Fritz v. Railroad, 132 N. C., 829, pressed upon our attention, has no relation, we think, to tbe case at bar. In that case tbe plaintiff, while alighting from tbe train, was injured by another passenger, who was attempting to make bis way into tbe car and accidentally struck plaintiff on tbe knee with his valise. Tbe Court held in tbat case tbat such conduct on tbe part of tbe passenger could not reasonably have been anticipated by tbe company’s agents. For tbe same reason, tbe case of Muster v. Railway, 61 Wis., 325, cited by defendant, is no authority, in our opinion, to sustain its contention. In tbat case a postal clerk negligently threw out a mail bag at an unusual place, where be bad never before thrown it. Tbe Court held that tbe company could not anticipate such conduct, and, therefore, was not called upon to take precautionary measures to prevent injury. On tbe contrary, it is held in Snow v. Railway, 136 Mass., 552, tbat a passenger, waiting on a platform at tbe railroad station for a train, and injured by a mail bag being thrown from a passing train, such throwing being customary and well known to tbe company, may recover of tbe railroad company therefor. Tbe decision is put upon tbe ground tbat, although tbe postal clerk is not tbe agent of tbe railroad company, but is tbe agent of tbe National Government exclusively, tbe custom being known to tbe company, it must take precautions to protect its passengers from injurious consequences.

It is true, as contended by counsel, tbat there is no proof whatever tbat defendant is under any contractual obligation, or duty, to receive tbe mail intended for tbe mail car at tbe station gates when tbe newspaper is late in reaching tbe train. But if, nevertheless, they do receive tbe papers on such occasions, and customarily permit tbe newspaper porter *156to discharge the duty their hired employees otherwise discharge, they must be held to liability to passengers if they are injured by such porter’s negligence while on the platform.

The only exception to the evidence was abandoned by appellant upon the argument. We have examined the charge carefully, and find it fair, free from error and in line with the views expressed in' this opinion.

No Error.