#### STATE ex rel. W. H. JONES v. JESSE RIGGS.

(Filed 8 March, 1911.)

Parties — Interest—Oyster Beds — Vacate Grants — Attorney-General— Authorization.

One who has no interest in the lands, other than that of a citizen of the State, cannot maintain an action to vacate a grant to an oyster bed (Revisal, 1748, 1750), and under such circumstances the Attorney-General is the only one who may maintain the action, it being his duty alone to look out for the interests of the State in such matters; and his authorization to another to bring the action is insufficient. Cases of quo warranto distinguished.

Appeal from Ward, J., at Fall Term, 1910, of Pamlico.

Tbe facts are sufficiently stated in tbe opinion of tbe Court by Mr. Chief Justice Ciarle.

R. A. Nu-nn and W. D. Mclver for plaintiff.

Simmons & Ward cmd W. T. Caho for defendant.

Clark, C. J.

This action is brought in tbe name of tbe State on tbe relation of a private individual who bas no interest in tbe land, other than as a citizen of tbe State, to vacate a grant to an oyster bed.

Tbe relator claims a right to maintain this action under sections 1748 and 1750 of tbe Revisal. He cannot maintain it under section 1748, as that is limited to one claiming title to tbe land, covered by tbe grant under a patent or grant to himself, and tbe plaintiff makes no such claim. Nor can be maintain it under section 1750, as that authorizes only the Attorney-General to bring tbe action. Such action is to be brought, only in behalf of tbe State, when tbe public interest requires it and when tbe State is tbe beneficiary. Tbe power to bring such action is properly vested in tbe Attorney-General. It was not intended that any citizen of tbe State without any interest himself in the subject-matter should bring an action on behalf of tbe State. Tbe State bas a public officer whose duty it is to look after its interests in such matters.

*282It is true that in this case the action is brought by the plaintiff upon leave granted by the Attorney-General. But that is only to test the right of the plaintiff to maintain such action. The plaintiff is not a party in interest, in the meaning of the law, and cannot maintain the action in his own behalf, nor can the leave of the Attorney-General authorize him to maintain it in behalf of the State.

A quo warranto as to an office can be brought upon leave of the Attorney-General by any citizen who is a qualified voter and taxpayer of a municipal corporation, or of any jurisdiction over which the officer whose title is questioned exercises his duties and powers, though the relator is not himself a contestant for the office. But this is on the ground that he is a party in interest and has a direct interest in having the office occupied only by an officer who is entitled to it. Foard v. Hall, 111 N. C., 369; Hines v. Vann, 118 N. C., 6; Houghtalling v. Taylor, 122 N. C., 145; Mott v. Comrs., 126 N. C., 877. But the plaintiff has no such interest in the title or ownership of the oyster bed.

The court properly sustained the demurrer and dismissed the action.

Affirmed.