#### HENRIETTA MILLS v. RAY McDANIEL et al.

(Filed 4 December, 1912.)

1. Clerks of Court — Probate—Appeal—Superior Court — Jurisdiction.

Clerks of the court exercising probate powers are not regarded under our Constitution and statutes as tribunals or officers exercising a separate and independent jurisdiction to that of tbe Superior Courts, and tbeir judgments and rulings on appeal are very generally subject to tbe supervision and control of tbe court.

2. Same — Issues of Fact and Law — Procedure.

Tbe rulings or decisions of tbe clerks of tbe court must be “transferred) for trial to tbe next succeeding term of tbe Superior Court (Revisal, secs. 78, 114 529, 717), if determinative *113issues arise on the pleadings in a procedure where the adversary rights of litigants are presented; and if there be issues of law or material questions of fact decided by the clerk, they may be reviewed by the judge at term or in chambers, on appeal properly taken; and in passing upon these questions of fact, the court may act on the evidence already received, or if this is not satisfactory, it may ordinarily require the production of other evidence as an aid in the proper disposition of the ■ question presented.

3. Same.

Upon appeal to the Superior Court from the rulings or decisions of the clerks of the court in matters of probate, very large latitude is allowed in the method of procedure and the extent of the relief which may be afforded by the appellate court, with a view of promoting right decisions.

4. Same — Evidence.

An appeal may be taken from the adverse ruling or decision of the clerk of the court in proceedings to establish and declare a proper probate and privy examination to a deed by a feme covert, upon the ground that it had been duly taken, but the printed and written form had become detached from the deed in some way and lost or destroyed; and in this case it is Held sufficient evidence for the judge to reverse the ruling or decision of the clerk and to sustain the probate, the evidence consisting of entries and indicia on the face of the deed, and testimony of the clerk himself, together with that of another witness.

Appeal by defendant from Foushee, J., at Spring Term, 1912, of Rutherford. /

Proceeding to establish and declare the proper probate of a deed, including the privy examination of a feme covert, beard on appeal from the clerk of the Superior Court before bis Honor, II. A. Foushee, judge, at Spring Term of tbe Superior Court of Rutherford County, 1912.

The facts are sufficiently stated in the opinion of the Court by Mr. Justice Hoke.

E. J. Justice, J. W. Pless, and York Coleman, for plaintiff.

B. S. Eaves, and McBrayer, McBrayer & McBorie for defendant.

HoKE, J.

The plaintiff, claiming the land under a deed an$ mesne epnveyances from William Butler and his wife, Myra, *114instituted a proceeding before tbe clerk of tbe Superior Court of Rutherford County to establish and declare a proper probate of said deed, and alleged that this probate and privy examination bad been duly taken, but tbe printed and written form showing this bad become detached from tbe deed in some way and lost or destroyed.

On tbe original bearing before tbe clerk there was finding and adjudication by that officer that no proper probate bad ever been bad, and on appeal this finding and adjudication was affirmed by tbe Superior Court and again affirmed in this Court (see ease, 155 N. C., 249). Pending a petition to rehear and on application formally made, another bearing was allowed on account of newly discovered evidence. And this order having been properly certified, tbe clerk again beard tbe matter and gave judgment substantially tbe same as that first rendered by him. On appeal, this, judgment was reversed in tbe Superior Court, and tbe cause is now before us on defendant’s appeal.

It was chiefly urged for error by tbe defendant, stating tbe position in bis own language, “That tbe .judge of tbe Superior Court bad no jurisdiction or power to review tbe finding of tbe clerk on tbe question involved, that is, that no appeal lies from such finding; tbe purpose of tbe motion or proceedings being to set up or amend tbe record of tbe probate court of Rutherford County, of which tbe clerk is ex ojficio judge,” citing tbe case of Perry v. Adams, 83 N. C., 266, and some others of like purport. If it be conceded that this is a proceeding to amend or restore a lost record, defendant’s position could not be sustained. Our Constitution and statutes do not now provide or recognize a probate court or probate judge as a tribunal or officer exercising a separate and independent jurisdiction. Under tbe law as it now exists with us, these matters of probate are chiefly referred to tbe clerks of tbe Superior Court and tbe judgments and rulings of these officers are on appeal very generally subject to the supervision and control of tbe court, either in chambers or in term. If determinative issues arise on tbe pleadings in a procedure where tbe adversary rights of litigants are ordinarily presented, such issues must be “transferred for trial to tbe next succeeding term of tbe Superior Court” (Re-*115visal, secs. 78, 114, 529, and 717), and if there be issues of law or material questions of fact decided, these may be reviewed by the judge at term or in chambers on appeal properly taken, and in passing upon these questions of fact the court may act on the evidence already received, or if this is not satisfactory, it may ordinarily require the production of other evidence as an aid to the proper disposition of the questions presented. "With the view of promoting right decisions very large latitude is allowed in the method of procedure and the extent of the relief which may be afforded by the appellate court, a position supported by authoritative decisions and which is in accord with the policy and express provisions of our statutes on the subject. In re Battle, 158 N. C., 389; Williams v. Dunn, 158 N. C., 399; Tayloe v. Carrow, 156 N. C., 6; Beckwith et al., ex parte, 124 N. C., 111; Wynne v. Small, 102 N. C., 133; James v. Spencer, 95 N. C., 271; Revisal 1905, secs. 610, 611, 612, 613, 614.

The case of Perry v. Adams, supra, and other cases of like kind, relied upon by defendants, were appeals to the Supreme Court on questions involving the exercise of discretionary powers of the lower court, and were made to depend chiefly on the constitutional provision restricting the appellate powers of this Court to “matters of law or legal inference,” and have no application to appeals from orders and judgments of the clerk to the judge in chambers or the Superior Court in term. Bagley v. Wood, 34 N. C., 90.

It was further contended, “That the evidence is insufficient to support the finding that the privy examination of Myra Butler was properly taken,” but if such a position were open to defendants, the facts in evidence are entirely against them. The entries and indicia on the face of the deed, the direct evidence of the clerk who acted in the premises, and the additional and supporting testimony of the witness Wooten, afford convincing evidence of the privy examination of the feme covert, and fully justify the action of his Honor in finding that the deed was correctly and properly proven as to both the grantors.

We find no error in the record, and the judgment of the Superior Court must be affirmed.

Affirmed.