{ "id": 8658801, "name": "STATE v. AGNES COLLINS and LOLLIE COLLINS, In re BELL and JENKINS", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Collins", "decision_date": "1915-04-22", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "323", "last_page": "325", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "169 N.C. 323" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "106 N. C., 660", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651920 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/106/0660-01" ] }, { "cite": "106 N. C., 662", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651935 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/106/0662-01" ] }, { "cite": "110 N. C., 538", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11274263 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/110/0538-01" ] }, { "cite": "182 U. S., 427", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 383914 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/182/0427-01" ] }, { "cite": "133 N. C., 478", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8658258 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/133/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "106 N. C., 660", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651920 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/106/0660-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 464, "char_count": 7949, "ocr_confidence": 0.462, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.592787965443401e-08, "percentile": 0.526236471701632 }, "sha256": "161a9f252861c1b5c0de6331352dc01c2ebd989e647695db9251d5d034e36fd7", "simhash": "1:1bbf05ac75c1b49c", "word_count": 1402 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:16:09.233721+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "STATE v. AGNES COLLINS and LOLLIE COLLINS, In re BELL and JENKINS." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Hoes, J.\nTbe statute of tbis State which authorizes tbe court to mark one as prosecutor in a criminal action (Revisal 1905, see. 1295) contains tbe proviso: \u201cTbat no person shall be made prosecutor after tbe finding of tbe bill unless be shall have been notified to show cause why be should not be made the prosecutor of record,\u201d and by the language of this provision, or even by the very fact that notice is required, it is clearly contemplated that the parties interested shall have their cause heard, and heard, too, according to the \u201claw of the land.\u201d This term, \u201claw of the land,\u201d as used in the 17th section of our Bill of Rights, has received notable and approved definition as: \u201cLaw which hears before it condemns; which proceeds upon inquiry and renders judgment only after trial.\u201d In Parish v. Cedar Works, 133 N. C., 478, it is held to be the equivalent of \u201cdue process of law,\u201d as it is expressed in the Federal and-many of our State constitutions; and in Simon v. Craft, 182 U. S., 427, it is said that the essential elements of due process of law are \u201cnotice and opportunity to defend.\u201d\nIn Connor and Cheshire\u2019s Constitutions, at.page 58, in speaking to these requirements of \u201cnotice and hearing,\u201d embodied in the constitutional provision, the learned annotators, among other things, say: \u201cNotice and hearing are essential to constitute due process of law or the \u00a3law of the land,\u2019 and it is necessary that a party be cited and have his day in court, upon which he may appear and defend himself and his rights and his property.\u201d And again: \u201cDue process of law not only requires that a party should be brought into court, but that he shall have opportunity, when in court, to establish any fact that, according to the usages of the common law or the provisions of the constitutions, would be a protection to him or his property,\u201d citing S. v. Cutshall, 110 N. C., 538, and other cases.\nOn perusal of the facts presented, it clearly appears that these appellants have had no hearing of their cause within the meaning of these principles. At the trial, which seems to have taken place on Tuesday of the term, 8 December, his Honor, on motion, dismissed the action and, being of opinion that the prosecution was frivolous and malicious, called on E. II. Bell, who was present in court, to show cause why he should not be marked as prosecutor. It does not clearly appear whether the order as to Bell was then made or later, but, on being asked by counsel if he would not hear from Bell, his Honor replied that he would, and thereupon issued a citation to F. M. Jenkins returnable on Friday following, and, when the cause was again called, after notice served on Jenkins, the appellants were in court, ready with their own and numerous affidavits of the best citizens of the community tending to show good faith on part of appellants and that defendants in the bill of indictment were guilty as charged, many of them to the effect that \u201cboth of the appellants were men of high character and integrity, who stood for all things which make for the best moral standards of citizenship in the town of Maysville, where they reside; that they are men of kind hearts, good judgment, and common sense; that each has a family, consisting of wife and several children, all of whom deport themselves as good moral citizens,\u201d etc. Others made averment of facts and relevant incidents tending to show guilt on part of defendants in the principal case, and which were known to appellants when they agreed, with other citizens, to employ special counsel to aid the solicitor in the prosecution. His Honor declined to hear or consider the affidavit of E. H. Bell or any supporting affidavits of \u201coutsiders\u201d on the subject, but finds that \u201che did not make the order before he heard the affidavit of Jenkins.\u201d In reference to this, to quote from his Honor\u2019s findings on the subject, he says: \u201cThe statement that I found the facts before I heard the answer of Jenkins is not correct. It is true that I refused to hear affidavits of outsiders and their petitions. Bell was in court when I called on him to show cause why he should not be marked as prosecutor and be made to pay the costs. He showed none, and I made the order. The solicitor asked if I would not hear from Bell. I told him I would, and nothing else was said until late Saturday afternoon, when M. Warren asked to be'allowed to read Bell\u2019s answer and affidavits. I had decided to hear nothing more from Bell, declined to hear his answer and affidavits, because I had made up my mind that the prosecution was malicious, and did not want to consume any more time with the matter.\u201d\nIn the disposition made of this appeal we do not intend to impair or qualify our former decisions on the subject, notably S. v. Hamilton, 106 N. C., 660, and S. v. Roberts, 106 N. C., 662, to the effect that, on a hearing of this character, the findings of fact by the trial judge are conclusive. In the disposition of these and like motions there must necessarily be some tribunal having the power to determine the ultimate facts on which the rights of the parties depend, and we think the cases which refer this power to the trial judge, who is present and has opportunity to personally observe and note the circumstances and attendant conditions, are grounded in good reason; but, on the facts as they appear from his Honor\u2019s findings, and we think it not improper to say that he has spread them on the record.with commendable candor, we are of opinion that these men, as heretofore stated, have had no proper hearing, within the meaning of the constitutional provision, and that the judgment against them must be set aside.\nThis will be certified, that the order and findings by which appellants have been marked as prosecutors and taxed with the costs be set aside and the question reheard in accordance with law and the course and practice of the court.\nReversed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Hoes, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "L. I. Moore and J. K. Warren for appellants.", "No counsel contra." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE v. AGNES COLLINS and LOLLIE COLLINS, In re BELL and JENKINS.\n(Filed 22 April, 1915.)\n1. Criminal Law \u2014 Frivolous Prosecution \u2014 Prosecutors\u2014Costs\u2014Notice\u2014Constitutional Law \u2014 Statutes.\nIt is necessary for the trial court, in order to adjudge the prosecution of a criminal action to he frivolous and malicious and tax the costs against the prosecutors who have employed attorneys to assist the solicitor, to give the prosecutors notice of such action and hear the matter according to the \u201claw of the land.\u201d Revisal, sec. 1295, section 17 of the Bill of Rights, N. C. Const.\n2. Constitutional Law \u2014 Bill of Bights \u2014 Due Process.\nThe \u201claw of the land\u201d as used in our Bill of Rights is equivalent to \u201cdue process of law,\u201d requiring in its essential elements that notice and opportunity to defend be given the party accused.\nB. Same \u2014 Appeal and Error \u2014 Findings of Court \u2014 Frivolous Prosecution-Costs \u2014 Procedure.\nWhere the trial judge has dismissed a criminal action as being frivolous and malicious, and taxed the prosecutors with costs, and it appears from his findings of record that he has done so without any proper consideration of their affidavits in support of their position, and relevant to the issue, so as to deprive them of the benefits of due process of law, his order will be set aside on appeal, leaving the matter open for proper adjudication. S. v. Hamilton, 106 N. C., 660, cited and distinguished.'\nAppeal by prosecutors from Peebles, J., at Fall Term, 1914, of JoNes.\nTbis was a bill of indictment found by tbe grand jury.\nAt tbe close of tbe State\u2019s testimony, bis Honor being of opinion tbat tbe prosecution was frivolous and malicious, so adjudged, and ordered tbat E. H. Bell and F. M. Jenkins, who bad assisted in employing counsel to aid tbe solicitor, should be marked as prosecutors; tbat tbey be taxed witb tbe costs and placed in tbe custody of tbe sheriff \u201ctill tbe costs be paid.\u201d These parties, having duly excepted, appealed to tbe Supreme Court.\nL. I. Moore and J. K. Warren for appellants.\nNo counsel contra." }, "file_name": "0323-01", "first_page_order": 375, "last_page_order": 377 }