{
  "id": 8692883,
  "name": "THE STATE v. JOHN CALHOON",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Calhoon",
  "decision_date": "1835-12",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "374",
  "last_page": "376",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "nominative",
      "cite": "1 Dev. & Bat. 374"
    },
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "18 N.C. 374"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "2 Dev. Rep. 441",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Dev. Rep.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "3 Dev. Rep. 117",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Dev. Rep.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "1 Chit. Cr. Law, 324",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Chit. Cr. Law",
      "opinion_index": 0
    }
  ],
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:17:09.476350+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE STATE v. JOHN CALHOON."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Ruffin, Chief Justice,\nhaving stated the case as above, proceeded: \u2014 Whatever foundation in truth there may have been for the allegations of fact, contained in the two first reasons, at the time they were offered in the Superior Court, there is none now. In the transcript sent up, the prisoner\u2019s name appears the same throughout; and the term of the Court, as established by law, to have \u201c begun and held on the fourth Monday, after the fourth Monday of September, &c. at the Court-house, &c.\u201d If the allegations of the prisoner were true at the time, and the record had been so made up, and brought in that state under revision, the objections would have been open to be taken. But whether valid or invalid, they do not exist now. Indeed, it seems perfectly ridiculous, to move a Court then sitting, at the proper time and place, not to render judgment, because its record did not show it to be thus sitting, or because the clerk had mispelled the prisoner\u2019s name in one entry, although in the very motion he admits his identity with the person indicted, tried, and convicted. The suggestions deserved the thanks of the Court; but the only proper answer to them, as objections, was to correct the misprisions of the clerk, and thus remove them. At all events, this Court must say, that 'they are not true now. yye can j00jc on]y the transcript of the record, as made up, which is sent to us.\nUpon the third ground, the opinion of this Court agrees with that of his Honor. It is the practice for the foreman to sign his name to the finding of the grand-jury; and it seems to be a salutary practice, as it tends to the more complete identification of the instrument containing the accusation. We do not know in what it had its origin; but though useful and proper, it does not seem to be essential, nor to have been, at any time, the course in England. The endorsement there is merely \u201c billa vera\u201d or \u201c true bill.\u201d 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 324. 4 Bl. Com. 306. That endorsement becomes part of the indictment, and makes the accusation complete: Yelv. 99. But it is never set out in the enrolment of the record; which states the grand jury, and that they were sworn to inquire, &c., and that \u201c it is upon their oath presented, that, &c.\u201d 4 Bl. Com. Appendix. It is the grand jury\u2019s returning the bill into Court, and their publicly rendering their verdict on it, in the form \u201c a true bill,\u201d and that being recorded or filed amongst the records of the Court, that makes it effectual; in the same manner that the like proceedings operate in the case of a verdict of the petifjury. This was intimated by Chief Justice Henderson, in the State v. Collins, 3 Dev. Rep. 117. But whether the position be correct or not, that case and The State v. Kimbraugh, 2 Dev. Rep. 441, arc direct authorities against this objection. For if the foreman must put his name on the bill, the variance in the manner of his spelling it, from that of the clerk\u2019s, is immaterial. The Court in which the juror was acting, must necessarily know his identity; and the receiving and recording the bill with his endorsement establishes it.\nWherefore the opinion of this Court is, that the judgment of the Superior Court is not erroneous; which must be certified to that Court, in order that the sentence of the law may be duly executed.\nPer Curiam. Judgment affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Ruffin, Chief Justice,"
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Nasli, for the prisoner.",
      "The Attorney General, for the state."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE STATE v. JOHN CALHOON.\nThe Superior Court may amend the record of its proceedings at any time during the same term; and may thus obviate any objections made to the record of that term.\nThe Supreme Court upon an appeal, cannot consider of any objections to the record of the Court below, that do not appeal' in the transcript sent up.\nIt seems, that the signing the name of the foreman to the endorsement of \u201c a true bill,\u201d on a bill of indictment, though a salutary practice, is not essential to its validity. But whether this be so or not, a variance between the name of the foreman, as appearing upon the record of his appointment, and his signature upon the bill, is immaterial, for his identity must necessarily be known to the Court, and the receiving and recording the bill with his endorsement, establishes it.\nThe defendant was convicted of murder at Guilford, on the last Circuit, and on his behalf a motion was made in arrest of judgment. It is stated in the transcript to have been founded on the following reasons. 1st. That \u00abthe caption of the record of the sitting of the Court, was not written in full, the entry on the minutes being * October Term, 1835: Present, the Hon\u2019ble William Norwood, Judge.\u2019 \u201d 2. That \u201c the name of the prisoner, John Cal-hoon, was incorrectly spelt \u2018 John Calhoun\u2019 on the minutes of the trial,\u201d \u2014 as to which it is stated in the transcript, that by order of the Court at the time of the motion, the minutes were corrected, so as to make the spelling of the prisoner\u2019s name there, the same with that in the indictment to which he answered upon his arraignment. 3. That one Charles W. Peeples was appointed the foreman of the Grand jury, as appeared by the record; but that he did not sign the bill, but one Chas. W. Peeples.\u201d The transcript then states, that upon inspection of the record, his Honor Judge Nouwood, found the two first reasons, to be, in fact, untrue; and deeming the third insufficient in law, overruled the motion, and passed sentence of death on the prisoner, from which he appealed.\nNasli, for the prisoner.\nThe Attorney General, for the state."
  },
  "file_name": "0374-01",
  "first_page_order": 382,
  "last_page_order": 384
}