{
  "id": 8657611,
  "name": "A. K. LEDFORD v. THE VALLEY RIVER LUMBER COMPANY",
  "name_abbreviation": "Ledford v. Valley River Lumber Co.",
  "decision_date": "1922-06-02",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "614",
  "last_page": "617",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "183 N.C. 614"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "159 N. C., 362",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "161 N. C., 528",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "149 N. C., 158",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        11269897
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/149/0158-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "104 N. C., 451",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "107 N. C., 220",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        11273121
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/107/0220-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "149 N. C., 185",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        11270033
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/149/0185-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "160 N. C., 48",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "181 N. C., 411",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8656250
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/181/0411-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "157 N. C., 78",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "163 N. C., 146",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "166 N. C., 520",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "opinion_index": 0
    },
    {
      "cite": "109 N. C., 581",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8651136
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/109/0581-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "129 N. C., 252",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        8660137
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/129/0252-01"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cite": "146 N. C., 324",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
      "case_ids": [
        11271108
      ],
      "opinion_index": 0,
      "case_paths": [
        "/nc/146/0324-01"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 470,
    "char_count": 7645,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.476,
    "pagerank": {
      "raw": 5.242063690781649e-07,
      "percentile": 0.9412100859934305
    },
    "sha256": "fd5aadf321b758f2a83eb9df2269d536cdee467eed843eb44218f1608b08f056",
    "simhash": "1:eefe3544550a82d9",
    "word_count": 1300
  },
  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:03:22.299745+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "A. K. LEDFORD v. THE VALLEY RIVER LUMBER COMPANY."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Stacy, J.\nIt is assigned as error that tbe defendant\u2019s witness, W. W. Killian, on cross-examination, and over objection, was permitted to testify that tbe belt which caused tbe plaintiff\u2019s injury was open and unprotected before tbe accident, and that other belts of a similar kind in tbe factory bad been guarded and encased since tbe present injury. This evidence, standing alone and by itself, if offered to establish negligence, would have been incompetent, as we have said in a number of decisions, notably Aiken v. Mfg. Co., 146 N. C., 324; Myers v. Lumber Co., 129 N. C., 252, and Lowe v. Elliott, 109 N. C., 581. In tbe last case just cited it was held: \u201cIn an action by an employee to recover for injuries alleged to have been received in consequence of defective machinery used by bis employer, tbe fact that after the injury the defendant substituted machinery of different material and adopted additional precautions in its use is no evidence of .negligence.\u201d\nBut this same witness, later, at the instance of the defendant, on redirect examination, and, of course, without objection, testified to the same state of facts. This rendered the previous admission of the same evidence harmless. Tillett v. R. R., 166 N. C., 520; Smith v. R. R., 163 N. C., 146; Young v. R. R., 157 N. C., 78; Marshall v. Tel. Co., 181 N. C., 411, and cases there cited. \u201cThe erroneous admission of evidence on direct examination is held not to be prejudicial when it appears that, on cross-examination, the witness was asked substantially the same question and gave substantially the same answer.\u201d Hamilton v. Lumber Co., 160 N. C., 48. To like effect are the decisions in Smith v. Moore, 149 N. C., 185, and Blake v. Broughton, 107 N. C., 220, where it was held that the admission of improper -evidence was harmless when it appeared that the fact thereby sought to be shown was otherwise fully and properly established.\nThe defendant also excepts to the following portion of his Honor\u2019s charge on the issue of damages: \u201cUpon that issue, if you come to consider it, you will take into consideration the'injury; you will take into consideration the earning capacity of the plaintiff prior to the injury and subsequent; you will take into consideration his suffering, and say what in your judgment, after a careful consideration of all the facts and circumstances, and answer what the plaintiff is entitled to recover under all the facts and circumstances. Tou will apply, in considering the answer, to the third issue the rule of justice, and say what, if anything, the plaintiff is entitled to recover.\u201d\nThis excerpt, standing alone, might appear to be subject to some criticism; but, taken in connection with the whole charge, we do not think the jury could have been misled by it. His Honor stated fully'the contentions of the parties, and the jury must have understood that they were to allow only such damages as were \u201cthe immediate and necessary consequences of the injury.\u201d Wallace v. R. R., 104 N. C., 451.\nIn cases like the one at bar, if the plaintiff be entitled to recover at all, he is entitled to recover as damages one compensation \u2014 in a lump sum \u2014 for all injuries, past and prospective, in consequence of the defendant\u2019s wrongful or negligent acts. These are understood to embrace indemnity for actual nursing and medical expenses and loss of time, or loss from inability to perform ordinary labor, or capacity to earn money. Plaintiff is to have a reasonable satisfaction (if he be entitled to recover at all) for loss of both bodily and mental powers, or for actual suffering, both of body and mind, which are the immediate and necessary consequences of the injury. And it is for the jury to say, under all the circumstances, what is a fair' and reasonable sum which the defendant should pay the plaintiff, by way of compensation, for the injury he has sustained. The age and occupation of the injured party, the nature and extent of bis business, tbe value of bis services, tbe amount be was earning from bis business, or realizing from fixed wages, at tbe time of tbe injury, or wbetber be was employed at a fixed salary, or as a professional man, are matters properly to be considered. Rushing v. R. R., 149 N. C., 158. T-be sum fixed by tbe jury should be sucb as fairly compensates tbe plaintiff for injuries suffered in tbe past and those likely to occur in tbe future. Tbe award is to be made on tbe basis of \u25a0a cash settlement of tbe plaintiff\u2019s injuries, past, present, and prospective. Penny v. R. R., 161 N. C., 528; Fry v. R. R., 159 N. C., 362.\nTbe motion for judgment as of nonsuit was properly overruled. Upon a full and careful consideration of tbe entire record, we have found no reversible error, and this will be certified to tbe Superior Court.\nNo error.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Stacy, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "J. H. 'McCall and J. N. Moody for plaintiff.",
      "M. W. Bell and Harkins & Van Winkle for defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "A. K. LEDFORD v. THE VALLEY RIVER LUMBER COMPANY.\n(Filed 2 June, 1922.)\n1. Appeal and Error \u2014 Evidence\u2014Objections and Exceptions \u2014 Harmless Error.\nIn an action to recover damages for an injury alleged to have been caused the defendant\u2019s employee by a defective power-driven machine at which he performed his duties, evidence on the trial that the defendant, after the injury, rectified the alleged defect in conformity with arrangements used on other like machines for safety, is erroneously admitted; but the error is rendered harmless when the defendant itself has brought out this evidence later on the trial.\n2. Instructions \u2014 Construed as a Whole \u2014 Appeal and Error \u2014 Proximate Cause \u2014 Contentions.\nWhere the trial judge has correctly charged the jury as to the elements they should consider in the amount of damages recoverable for a personal injury, his failure to have specifically instructed them that such must be the immediate and necessary consequences of the injury is not reversible error, when from the statement of the contention of the parties and the other relevant parts of the charge the jury must have understood the principle of law applicable.\nS. Damages \u2014 Personal Injuries \u2014 Proximate Cause \u2014 Measure of Damages.\nPor a personal injury proximately caused by the negligence of another, damages past, present, and prospective are recoverable in one sum, fixed by the jury as being, in their judgment, upon the evidence, a fair and reasonable compensation to the plaintiff, in which they may indemnify the plaintiff for actual nursing, medical attention, etc., and consider his age, prospects,' wages, salary, or income from his profession, his mental and physical sufferings, upon evidence tending to show that the injury proximately caused them, the sum so awarded to be on the basis of a present cash settlement.\nAppeal by defendant from Brock, J., at tbe April Term, 1922, of CHEROKEE.\nCivil action to recover damages for an alleged negligent injury. Tbe plaintiff was injured while operating a \u201clay and sand belt\u201d in tbe defendant\u2019s furniture factory at Murphy, N. 0., on 14 August, 1920. He alleges that bis injury was due to tbe negligence of tbe defendant in failing to exercise ordinary care in undertaking to furnish him a reasonably safe place to work.\nUpon denial of liability and issues joined, tbe jury returned tbe follow-, ing verdict: ,\n\u201c1. \"Was tbe plaintiff injured by tbe negligence of tbe defendant, as alleged in tbe complaint? Answer: \u2018Yes.\u2019\n\u201c2. Did tbe plaintiff, by bis own negligence, contribute to bis injuries, as alleged in tbe answer ? Answer: No.\u2019\n\u201c3. What damage, if any, is tbe plaintiff entitled to recover? Answer : \u00a3$4,000.\u2019 \u201d\nJudgment on tbe verdict in favor of plaintiff, from which the defendant appealed.\nJ. H. 'McCall and J. N. Moody for plaintiff.\nM. W. Bell and Harkins & Van Winkle for defendant."
  },
  "file_name": "0614-01",
  "first_page_order": 674,
  "last_page_order": 677
}