{ "id": 8625259, "name": "J. E. STONE v. DOCTORS' LAKE MILLING COMPANY et al.", "name_abbreviation": "Stone v. Doctors' Lake Milling Co.", "decision_date": "1926-11-17", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "585", "last_page": "587", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "192 N.C. 585" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "168 N. C., 438", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8660530 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/168/0438-01" ] }, { "cite": "179 N. C., 204", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8655467 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/179/0204-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 N. C., 27", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2082942 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/57/0027-01" ] }, { "cite": "41 N. C., 143", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2102627 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/41/0143-01" ] }, { "cite": "12 N. C., 69", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8684155 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/12/0069-01" ] }, { "cite": "105 N. C., 251", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8652639 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/105/0251-01" ] }, { "cite": "176 N. C., 635", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8657400 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/176/0635-01" ] }, { "cite": "190 N. C., 169", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8597318 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/190/0169-01" ] }, { "cite": "12 N. C., 350", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8692607 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/12/0350-01" ] }, { "cite": "43 N. C., 183", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8681435 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/43/0183-01" ] }, { "cite": "73 N. C., 216", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "158 N. C., 363", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8655481 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/158/0363-01" ] }, { "cite": "149 N. C., 273", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11270342 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/149/0273-01" ] }, { "cite": "190 N. C., 603", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8611117 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/190/0603-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 459, "char_count": 7358, "ocr_confidence": 0.472, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.340631778781389e-07, "percentile": 0.9180019761769894 }, "sha256": "b718524a12ef6c36a8bd74e26923d458ae74a08723bd4f826b6f903d7d19c368", "simhash": "1:bc78860476b7b6ae", "word_count": 1302 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:52:38.190415+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "J. E. STONE v. DOCTORS\u2019 LAKE MILLING COMPANY et al." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Stacy, C. J.\nThe following appears in the statement of case on appeal:\n\u201cPlaintiff having announced before the introduction of evidence that the cause of action was based on tort for damages for false and fraudulent representations, and the court being of the opinion that upon such cause .of action and evidence offered the plaintiff is not entitled to recover, allowed the motion of the defendant for judgment as of nonsuit.\u201d\nWe cannot hold this ruling to be erroneous, as no action for the tort of deceit is set out in the complaint. It is not alleged that the false representations, upon which plaintiff says he relied to his injury, were made with knowledge of their falsity or with reckless disregard of their truth or falsity, nor is it alleged that such false representations were made with intent to deceive the plaintiff.\nThe general conditions under which factual misrepresentations may be made tbe basis of an action for deceit are stated in Pollock on Torts (12 ed.), 283, as follows:\n\u201cTo create a right of action for deceit there must be a statement made by the defendant, or for which he is answerable as principal, and with regard to that statement all the following conditions must concur:\n\u201c(a) It is untrue in fact.\n\u201c(b) The person making- the statement, or the person responsible for it, either knows it to be untrue, or is culpably ignorant (that is, recklessly and consciously ignorant) whether it be true or not.\n\u201c(c) It is made to the intent that the plaintiff shall act upon it, or in a manner apparently fitted to induce him to act upon it.\n\u201c(d) The plaintiff does act in reliance on the statement in the manner contemplated or manifestly probable, and thereby suffers damage.\u201d\nThis formula has been approved by us in a number of decisions. Corley v. Griggs, ante, 171; Simpson v. Tobacco Growers, 190 N. C., 603; Hollingsworth v. Supreme Council, 175 N. C., p. 635; Whitehurst v. Ins. Co., 149 N. C., 273.\nSpeaking to the subject in Tarault v. Seip, 158 N. C., 363, Brown, J., said: \u201cAn essential element of actionable fraud is the scienter or knowledge of the wrong on the part of the vendor. Where the representation is made as a part of the warranty, the vendor is held liable for his statement, whether he knew it to be true or not, but where the action is for fraud the burden is upon the party setting it up to prove the scienter. This distinction is well made by Chief Justice Pearson in Etheridge v. Palin, 73 N. C., 216, and is well supported by numerous authorities in this and other states. This Court said in Tilghman v. West, 43 N. C., 183: Nor can fraud exist where the intent to deceive does not exist, for it is emphatically the action of the mind that gives it existence.\u2019 And in Hamrick v. Hogg, 12 N. C., 350, Judge Henderson says: \u2018It is not sufficient that the representation be false in point of fact; the defendant must be guilty of a moral falsehood. The party making a representation must know or believe it to be false, or, what is the same thing, have no reason to believe it to be untrue.\u2019 The action for fraud and deceit rests in the intention with which the representation is made, and not upon the representations alone.\u201d\nTo like effect is the language of Varser, J., in Colt v. Kimball, 190 N. C., 169; \u201cIt is accepted in this jurisidction that the facts relied upon to constitute fraud, as well as the fraudulent intent, must be clearly alleged (citing authorities). Fraud must be charged positively and not by implication. . . . Fraud must be charged so that all its necessary elements appear affirmatively.\u201d (Citing authorities for the position.)\nOur decisions are to the effect that \u201cwhere it is sought to base one\u2019s relief on the ground of fraud, the allegations of fact must be specific and definite.\u201d Evans v. Davis, 186 N. C., p. 45.\nIn Galloway v. Goolsby, 176 N. C., 635, it was held that a representation as to the number of acres in a certain tract of land, alleged to be false and fraudulent and inducing the purchase, was insufficient to support an action for fraud, as it was not alleged \u201cthat there was any intent to defraud and deceive.\u201d\nA party seeking to set aside a deed for fraud \u201cwas compelled to file his bill formerly in a court of equity and must allege such facts in his pleadings are relied upon to establish the fraud.\u201d Helms v. Green, 105 N. C., 251.\nA complaint which failed to allege that the fraud charged against the defendant was intended to injure the plaintiff, was held defective in Farrar v. Alston, 12 N. C., 69. And in Witherspoon v. Carmichael, 41 N. C., 143, it was held that without a direct and positive charge of fraud, the plaintiffs would not be permitted to prove the fraud, and, of course, could have no relief on account of it.\nA complaint which contains no allegation of a fraudulent intent, or facts from which it may reasonably be inferred, fails to state a cause of action for deceit, and such defect may be taken advantage of by demurrer. Bryan v. Spruill, 57 N. C., 27.\nProof without allegation is as unavailing as allegation without proof. Dixon v. Davis, 184 N. C., p. 209; Green v. Biggs, 167 N. C., p. 422; McCoy v. R. R., 142 N. C., p. 387.\nThe allegations of false warranty, or of breaches of covenants in the deed, were waived at the trial, as appears from the record, above quoted; hence, as the plaintiff elected to try his case in the Superior Court exclusively on the theory of deceit, we are required, by the pertinent decisions, to consider it in the same way on- appeal. Shipp v. United Stage Lines, Inc., ante, 475, and cases there cited.\nWe do not find the defect in the complaint, viewed in the light of the trial, aided sufficiently by the answer to warrant a reversal of the judgment of nonsuit, as suggested by the plaintiff (Ricks v. Brooks, 179 N. C., 204), for, upon another hearing, the complaint, without amendment, would be subject to demurrer, so far as the action \u00f3f deceit is concerned. The decision in Foy v. Stephens, 168 N. C., 438, is not at variance with this position.\nAffirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Stacy, C. J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Manning & Manning for plaintiff.", "B. N. Simms, Douglass & Douglass and J. W. Bailey for defendants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "J. E. STONE v. DOCTORS\u2019 LAKE MILLING COMPANY et al.\n(Filed 17 November, 1926.)\n1. Actions \u2014 Torts\u2014Deceit\u2014Pleadings.\nIn order to recover damages for tort or deceit in the sale of lands, it is required that the plaintiff specifically and definitely allege that the false representations of the defendant, the subject-matter of the action, causing the injury complained of, were made by the defendant with knowledge of thei); falsity, or with reckless disregard of their truth or falsity, and with the intent to deceive the plaintiff.\n2. Pleadings \u2014 Deceit\u2014Tort\u2014Allegations\u2014Evidence.\nIt is necessary that plaintiff allege sufficient facts to constitute the deceit or tort of defendant, causing damages in suit, to admit of evidence thereof.\n3. Appeal and Error \u2014 Trials\u2014Election of Remedy \u2014 Review.\nWhere the plaintiff has elected to try his action in the Superior Court exclusively on one theory, the Supreme Court on appeal will not review the case on a different one.\nAppeal by plaintiff from Barnhill, J., at March Term, 1926, of Ware.\nCivil action for damages for the tort of deceit in the sale of land.\nFrom a judgment of nonsuit, entered on motion of the defendants, at the close of plaintiff\u2019s evidence, the plaintiff appeals.\nManning & Manning for plaintiff.\nB. N. Simms, Douglass & Douglass and J. W. Bailey for defendants." }, "file_name": "0585-01", "first_page_order": 659, "last_page_order": 661 }