{
  "id": 8607252,
  "name": "NANCY H. SAWYER, by Her Next Friend, J. C. Spence, v. RAY TOXEY, HUBERT TOXEY, MINNIE TOXEY WILSON, MARY L. TOXEY, MARY A. SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Jr., MARTHA SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Sr., AUBREY GALLOP, FLORENCE GALLOP, MARGARET SAWYER, ROLAND M. SAWYER, P. G. SAWYER, Sr., P. G. SAWYER, Jr., M. B. SAWYER, and M. B. SAWYER, Executor of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, STELLA GALLOP, MINNIE G. WHITEHURST, and Any and All Grandchildren of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, Either in Being or Not in Being",
  "name_abbreviation": "Sawyer ex rel. Spence v. Toxey",
  "decision_date": "1927-10-12",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "341",
  "last_page": "344",
  "citations": [
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      "cite": "194 N.C. 341"
    }
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
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    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:26:29.544042+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "NANCY H. SAWYER, by Her Next Friend, J. C. Spence, v. RAY TOXEY, HUBERT TOXEY, MINNIE TOXEY WILSON, MARY L. TOXEY, MARY A. SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Jr., MARTHA SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Sr., AUBREY GALLOP, FLORENCE GALLOP, MARGARET SAWYER, ROLAND M. SAWYER, P. G. SAWYER, Sr., P. G. SAWYER, Jr., M. B. SAWYER, and M. B. SAWYER, Executor of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, STELLA GALLOP, MINNIE G. WHITEHURST, and Any and All Grandchildren of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, Either in Being or Not in Being."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Clarkson, J.\nM. N. Sawyer died on 29 August, 1925, leaving a last will and testament, dated 11 December, 1922. Tbe material parts for a decision of tbe action are: '\n\u201c2. I give and devise my old borne where I now live and part of tbe barn lot adjoining tbe same to my son, Roland M. Sawyer, in fee, but I tax tbe old borne and tbe barn lot adjoining tbe same in tbe sum of six thousand dollars to be paid by my son, Roland M. Sawyer,' to my grandchildren as follows: To Mary L. Toxey\u2019s children one share; to J. C. Sawyer\u2019s children one share; to M. B. Sawyer\u2019s children one share; to Florence Gallop\u2019s children one share; to P. G. Sawyer\u2019s children one share; to Roland M. Sawyer\u2019s children one share, or any other of my children who may have children borned to them after the date of this will, shall receive equally with those above mentioned and in the same manner as above mentioned.\n\u201c3. I give and devise all of my real estate of every kind and description (except the old home and barn lot) all of my notes, bonds, stock, money, insurance, household and kitchen furniture \u2014 in fact everything I have at the time of my death not otherwise disposed of, to my grandchildren in the same manner and form as I have above described it in item second.\n\u201c4. It is my will and desire that my son, Roland M. Sawyer, pay to all of my grandchildren who are 21 years of age their part of the six thousand dollars due them within one year after my death, and those who are not 21 years old he shall deposit their money in some savings bank to be used by their guardian for their benefit.\u201d\nThe testator left surviving him eight children, to wit: (1) Mary L. Toxey, (2) J. S. Sawyer, (3) M. B. Sawyer, (4) Elorence Gallop, (5) P. G. Sawyer, (6) Roland M. Sawyer, (7) Stella Gallop, (8) Minnie G. Whitehurst.\nAt the time of the death of said M. N. Sawyer, (1) Mary L. Toxey had three children: Ray Toxey, Hubert Toxey, Minnie Toxey Wilson. (2) J. S. Sawyer had three children: Mary A. Sawyer, J. C. Sawyer, Jr., and Martha Sawyer. (3) M. B. Sawyer had one child: Nancy H. Sawyer (petitioner by ber next friend). (4) Florence Gallop bad one child: Aubrey Gallop. (5) P. G. Sawyer bad one child: P. G. Sawyer, Jr. (6) Roland M. Sawyer bad one child: Margaret Sawyer. Neither Stella Gallop nor Minnie G. Whitehurst had any children, they now being 56 and 54 years of age, respectively.\nThe above status with respect to the different children and grandchildren continues unchanged at the present time. None have died and no others have been born.\nThe judgment of the clerk, approved by the court below on appeal, ordered, decreed and adjudged that the division be as follows: \u201cThat Nancy H. Sawyer, only child of M. B. Sawyer, is entitled to a one-sixth interest in the amount now in the hands of said M. B. Sawyer, commissioner, and in any amount which may hereafter come into his hands by virtue of the sale hereafter to be made of the stock in the Crystal Ice and Coal Corporation of Washington, North Carolina; that the defendants, Ray Toxey, Hubert Toxey and Minnie Toxey Wilson, children of Mary L. Toxey, are together the owners of one-sixth interest in said amounts; and that the defendants, Mary A. Sawyer, J. 0. Sawyer, Jr., and Martha Sawyer, the children of J. 0. Sawyer, are together the owners of one-sixth interest in said amounts; that the defendant, Aubrey Gallop, sole child of Florence Gallop, is the owner of one-sixth interest in said amounts; that the defendant, Margaret Sawyer, sole child of Roland M. Sawyer, is the owner of one-sixth interest in the said amounts; and that the defendant, P. G. Sawyer, Jr., sole child of P. G. Sawyer, is the owner of one-sixth interest in the said amounts.\u201d In the judgment we can see no error.\nIn Walker v. Johnston, 70 N. C., at p. 579, the principle is thus stated: \u201cWhen a legacy is given to a class, as to the children of A., with no preceding estate, only such as can answer to the call at the death of the testator can take, for the ownership is then to be fixed, and the estate must devolve upon those who can answer the description. So children of A., born after the death of the testator, are excluded, as are also the children of a child of A., such child having died before the testator, for these children of a child of A. do not fill the description. But when there is a preceding life estate so that the ownership is filled for the time, and there is no absolute necessity to make a peremptory call, for the takers of the ultimate, estate, the matter is left open until the determination of the life estate, with a view of taking in as many of the objects of the testator\u2019s bounty as come within the description and can answer to the call, when it is necessary for the ownership to devolve and be fixed.\u201d Carroll v. Hancock, 48 N. C., 471; Mason v. White, 53 N. C., 421; Wise v. Leonhardt, 128 N. C., 289; Fulton v. Waddell, 191 N. C., 688.\n\u201cUnless tbe context of tbe will shows an intention to include after-born children, a direct gift to children as a general rule includes those living at the time of the'testator\u2019s death, to the exclusion of those born afterwards.\u201d 40 Cyc., 1479 (Wills).\nThe roll of the class is called at the death of the testator under the will in controversy. This is the rule of law well settled in this State. Construing Item 3 with Item 2, the clear .language of Item 3 is that all of testator\u2019s real and personal property, \"in fact everything I have at the time of my -death not otherwise disposed of to my grandchildren in the same manner and form as I hav'e above described it in Item second.\u201d In Item 2 the manner and form is to Mary L. Tox&ifs children one share, etc., \"or any other of my children who may have children horned to them after the date of this will,\u201d is limited to those born before testator\u2019s death. In fact, Item 4 says: It is my will and desire that the $6,000 legacy be paid to the grandchildren, if of age, and if not of age to be deposited in some saving bank to be used by their guardian for their benefit. This is to be done within one year after testator\u2019s death. This convincingly shows that the testator himself by his will called the roll of the class at his death. The judgment below is\nAffirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Clarkson, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Thompson & Wilson for petitioner.",
      "P. G. Sawyer for respondents'."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "NANCY H. SAWYER, by Her Next Friend, J. C. Spence, v. RAY TOXEY, HUBERT TOXEY, MINNIE TOXEY WILSON, MARY L. TOXEY, MARY A. SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Jr., MARTHA SAWYER, J. C. SAWYER, Sr., AUBREY GALLOP, FLORENCE GALLOP, MARGARET SAWYER, ROLAND M. SAWYER, P. G. SAWYER, Sr., P. G. SAWYER, Jr., M. B. SAWYER, and M. B. SAWYER, Executor of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, STELLA GALLOP, MINNIE G. WHITEHURST, and Any and All Grandchildren of M. N. Sawyer, Deceased, Either in Being or Not in Being.\n(Filed 12 October, 1927.)\n1. Wills \u2014 Intent \u2014 Interpretation \u2014 Beneficiaries as a Class \u2014 Death of Testator.\nWhere the grandchildren of the testator are to take under the will as a class, being designated by name as the children of certain of his children, and there is no precedent estate or interest to intervene, the intent of the testator is construed and given effect with reference to his death, nothing else appearing.\n2. Same \u2014 Date of Will \u2014 After-born Children.\nWhere the grandchildren of the testator take under his will as a class as of the date of his death, and there is a further provision of the will as to other grandchildren born after the date of the will, the further provision applies to such other grandchildren who are alive at the time of testator\u2019s death, and not to those who may thereafter be born.\nAppeal by respondents from Clayton Moore, Special Judge, at June Term, 1927, of Pasquotank:.\nAffirmed.\nTbis was a special proceeding, brought before tbe clerk of tbe Superior Court of Pasquotank County by tbe plaintiff, petitioner, against tbe defendants, respondents, to sell certain real estate, stocks, notes, etc., to make a division. An appeal was taken from tbe final decree of tbe clerk to tbe judge of tbe Superior Court. Tbe court below confirmed and approved tbe clerk\u2019s decree, and respondents excepted, assigned error and appealed to tbe Supreme Court.\nTbe material facts will be set forth in tbe opinion.\nThompson & Wilson for petitioner.\nP. G. Sawyer for respondents'."
  },
  "file_name": "0341-01",
  "first_page_order": 409,
  "last_page_order": 412
}