{ "id": 8606652, "name": "DAISY W. TUCKER, Guardian of J. E. WARREN, v. GUY V. SMITH", "name_abbreviation": "Tucker v. Smith", "decision_date": "1930-10-01", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "502", "last_page": "504", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "199 N.C. 502" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "130 S. E., 18", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "190 N. C., 326", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8601685 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/190/0326-01" ] }, { "cite": "119 S. E., 741", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "186 N. C., 321", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8653539 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/186/0321-01" ] }, { "cite": "84 S. E., 280", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "168 N. C., 271", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8658936 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/168/0271-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 N. C., 8", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11272392 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/130/0008-01" ] }, { "cite": "77 S. E., 228", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "161 N. C., 344", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11270829 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/161/0344-01" ] }, { "cite": "31 S. E., 383", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "123 N. C., 126", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8657792 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/123/0126-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 S. E., 308", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "104 N. C., 248", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651139 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/104/0248-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 375, "char_count": 6290, "ocr_confidence": 0.467, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.272111423991083e-07, "percentile": 0.6150107593145392 }, "sha256": "b508f4ac352e75f156e9d529fd4651482ab659576fcbedf6c1405904008eb614", "simhash": "1:030c8070a702ddfe", "word_count": 1134 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:48:33.288027+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "DAISY W. TUCKER, Guardian of J. E. WARREN, v. GUY V. SMITH." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "BrogdeN, J.\nThe plaintiff seeks to recover the school site tract of a half acre upon three theories, to wit:\n1. That the deed made by Pollard to the school committee in 1877 did not contain the word \u201cheirs.\u201d\n2. That the words in said deed \u201cfor the use and benefit of the white children in said school district and no further\u201d created or'imposed a trust, so that when the property was abandoned as a school site, it thereupon reverted to the grantor.\n3. That the board of education of Pitt County had no title to the property, and hence no authority to convey the same.\nIt must be conceded that prior to 1879 the word \u201cheirs\u201d was in certain instances held to be necessary to create a fee-simple estate. However, the decision in Vickers v. Leigh, 104 N. C., 248, 10 S. E., 308, declared that the trend of judicial utterances plainly indicated a disposition to relax the rigor of the common-law rule that invariably demanded the. presence of the word \u201cheirs\u201d as a necessary requisite for the creation of an estate of inheritance by deed. Seeking to avoid the manifest idolatry of a word, the courts by a process of highly technical reasoning and bold transposition of words undertook to construe conveyances so as to effectuate the hypothetical intention of the grantor without primary regard for technical terms. This liberalizing tendency finally headed up in a statute, now known as C. S., 991, and enacted in 1879. Notwithstanding, if a deed was executed prior to 1879, entirely omitting the word \u201cheirs,\u201d or other appropriate words of inheritance, and no equity was alleged or proven, then no estate in fee simple would pass. Allen v. Baskerville, 123 N. C., 126, 31 S. E., 383; Cullens v. Cullens, 161 N. C., 344, 77 S. E., 228.\nAn examination of the deed before us discloses that while the word \u201cheirs\u201d was not used, the words \u201cand their successors in office in fee simple\u201d plainly indicate and declare that a fee-simple title was actually conveyed. Hence tbe first theory maintained by the plaintiff must fail.\nNor can the second theory prevail. Church v. Young, 130 N. C., 8; Brittain v. Taylor, 168 N. C., 271, 84 S. E., 280; Blue v. Wilmington, 186 N. C., 321, 119 S. E., 741; Hall v. Quinn, 190 N. C., 326, 130 S. E., 18.\nUnder the principles announced in the foregoing decisions, the words in the deed of 1877 \u201cfor the use and benefit of the white children in said school district and no further\u201d merely mark out and identify the purpose of the conveyance and do not rise to 'the dignity of imposing a trust or condition subsequent, working a reversion of the title.\nIt appearing as a fact that the property had been used for school purposes from the date of the conveyance until 1926, the school board of Pitt County was authorized by C. S., 5470 to sell the property and execute a deed therefor.\nWe therefore hold that the judgment rendered was correct.\nAffirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "BrogdeN, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "S. J. Everett for plaintiff.", "F. G. James & Son for defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "DAISY W. TUCKER, Guardian of J. E. WARREN, v. GUY V. SMITH.\n(Filed 1 October, 1930.)\n1. Deeds and Conveyances C c \u2014 Word \u201cheirs\u201d not necessary to convey fee even before 1879 if other appropriate words of inheritance were used.\nAlthough a deed to lands executed and delivered prior to the effective force of C. S., 991, would not pass an estate in fee simple if the deed entirely omitted the word \u201cheirs\u2019j* or other appropriate words of inheritance, a deed executed before fuch date to a school committee \u201cand their successors in office in fee simple\u201d is sufficient to pass a fee simple title to the lands conveyed therein.\n2. Same \u2014 In this case held: words used in deed were not sufficient to create trust or condition subsequent, and deed passed fee simple.\nA deed to lands to a school board in fee simple \u201cfor the use and benefit of the white children in said school district and no further\u201d merely marks out the use and purpose of the conveyance, and does not impose a trust or condition subsequent working a reversion of the title upon condition broken.\n3. Schools and School Districts D c \u2014 School board held authorized to sell property involved in this case.\nWhere property has been conveyed to the school board of a county in fee simple, and used for school purposes from the date of the conveyance until 1926, the school board is authorized by O. S., 5470, to sell the property and execute a deed therefor.\nCivil actioN, before Barnhill, J., at May Terra, 1930, of Pitt.\nTbe trial judge found tbe facts, which are substantially as follows: On 20 August, 1877, J. A. Pollard and wife executed a deed for a half acre of land to A. A. Tyson, A. J. Outerbridge, and J. A. Pollard, \u201cand their successors in office for District No. 45 for tbe white race.\u201d Tbe habendum clause of tbe deed was \u201cto have and to bold said land with all privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging to the said school committee, viz.: A. A. Tyson, A. J. Outerbridge and J. A. Pollard, and their successors in office in fee simple, for the use and benefit of the white children in said school district, and no further.\u201d There was also a clause of warranty. The deed was recorded 27 June, 1878. On 22 January, 1891, the said J. A. Pollard and wife conveyed a tract of land containing 40% acres to J. E. Warren. Said tract of land embraced the school site of one-half acre contained in the deed of 1877. Warren, the grantee in the later deed, died in 1920, and in the division of his estate among his heirs the said tract of 40% acres was assigned to the infant plaintiff, J. E. Warren. On 25 May, 1929, the heirs at law of J. A. Pollard executed and delivered a quitclaim deed for the school site to the plaintiff. The school site tract ivas used for school purposes until 1926, when it was abandoned as a sebool site and the board of education of Pitt County, by proper deed, conveyed tbe said site to the defendant Smith.\nFrom the foregoing facts the trial judge was of the opinion \u201cas a matter of law that the language of said deed is not sufficient in form or substance to impose a trust, or to limit the fee therein conveyed, or to create a condition subsequent, breach of which would cause the title to revert to the heirs of the said James A. Pollard.\u201d Whereupon, it was adjudged that the plaintiff recover nothing.\nFrom judgment so rendered plaintiff appealed.\nS. J. Everett for plaintiff.\nF. G. James & Son for defendant." }, "file_name": "0502-01", "first_page_order": 570, "last_page_order": 572 }