#### EVERETT GOSNELL, By His Next Eriend, S. K. GOSNELL, v. HALCYONE PARKER HILLIARD, Executrix of DR. WILLIAM D. HILLIARD, Deceased.

(Filed 11 October, 1933.)

1. Judgments K b: Attorney and Olient O c — Defendant may move to set aside judgment for surprise where attorney has withdrawn without notice.

An attorney generally employed to defend an action enters into an entire contract to follow the proceedings to their determination, and though he may withdraw from the case with the permission of the court *298in proper instances, his client is entitled to such specific notice, either before or after the withdrawal, as will permit him to protect his rights, and where for the failure of such notice a judgment upon a verdict has been obtained against the client and he was without laches in moving to set it aside for surprise and excusable neglect upon a showing of a meritorious defense, it is correct for the trial judge to grant his motion. O. S., 600.

2. Attorney and Client C c — Client’s failure to pay proper fees upon rea^ sonable demand is ground for withdrawal of attorney.

While no rule of universal application has been formulated as to the facts and conditions which would justify an attorney generally employed in a case to withdraw from it with the permission of the court, it is generally held that the, client’s failure to pay or secure the payment of proper fees upon reasonable demand will justify the attorney in requesting permission of the court to withdraw.

3. Judgments K b — Order in this case setting aside judgment held to

liave also sot aside verdict uxion which it was based.

Both the verdict and the judgment based thereon may be set aside by the court in proper instances for surprise and excusable neglect since the enactment of Public Laws of 1892, chap. 81, and where it is declared that the judgment in an action be void and set aside and the case retained to bo heard upon its merits, the latter clause of the order vacates the verdict.

ARPifiAL by plaintiff from Alley, Jat April Term, 1933, of Madisok.

On 4 January, 1928, tbe plaintiff brought suit against tbe Southern Eailway Company, Biltmore Hospital, Incorporated, and Dr. William D. Hilliard, alleging that he had been injured by the negligence of the Southern Eailway Company, that he had been put in charge of Dr. Hilliard, agent of the railway company, and injured by his malpractice, and that the hospital, also, was liable for the negligent manner in which he had been treated. Dr. Hilliard died testate on 15 August, 1928, and his executrix was afterwards made defendant.

The action came on for trial at October Term, 1931, of Madison County and was dismissed -as to all the defendants. On appeal to the Suj>reme Court the judgment was affirmed as to the hospital and the railway company and was reversed as to the executrix of Dr. Hilliard. 202 N. C., 234. At April Term, 1932, of Madison County the plaintiff recovered judgment against the present defendant upon issues submitted to the jury when, she was not in attendance upon the court and when she was not represented by counsel. On 27 September, 1932, she gave proper notice that she would move to set aside the judgment under C. S., 600 on the ground of excusable neglect. The motion was heard at April Term, 1933, by Judge Alley, who rendered the following-judgment :

“This cause coming on to he heard, and being heard before his Honor, Felix E. Alley, judge presiding, and it appearing to the court, *299and tbe court finds tbe facts to be, tbat, the defendant in thé above entitled action, Halcyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of tbe estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, has a good and meritorious defense to said cause; and it further appearing to tbe court tbat she was represented by counsel prior to tbe time of tbe taking of tbe judgment, to wit: at April Term, 1932; that prior to said time her counsel, Johnson, Smathers & Rollins, through J. Bat Smathers, of said firm, bad advised her, tbe said Hal-cyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of tbe estate of Dr. William D. Hil-liard, tbat it would be necessary for her to pay bis firm some fees for their services performed and to be performed in connection with said cause; tbat upon receiving said notice by way of letter tbe said defendant, Halcyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of tbe estate of Dr. .William D. Hilliard, called upon tbe said J. Bat Smathers, and in tbe conversation there was a general discussion in regard to a payment on fees, in which discussion tbe said Smathers advised tbe defendant tbat be would have to have some money; tbat tbe said defendant explained to tbe said Smathers tbat she bad no funds, and bad been assured by Mr. Rollins, a former partner of tbe said J. Bat Smathers, tbat tbe case would be properly taken care of, and tbat she (did) not give it any further thought; tbat in said conversation tbe said Smathers advised tbe defendant tbat tbe case would probably be on for trial at tbe next term of court, but did not state when tbe term would be held, or at what time tbe case would probably be tried; tbat tbe above is all tbat was said with regard to tbe payment of fees; tbat tbe said Halcyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of tbe estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, bad no further conversation with her attorney, and received no further advice from him as to when tbe case would be tried; tbat tbe said J. Bat Smathers is a reputable attorney, and a member of a reputable firm; tbat tbe said above entitled case was placed on tbe calendar for trial at April Term, 3932, but tbe defendant bad no knowledge that same bad been placed on tbe calendar, or tbat it would be tried at that term, nor did she know tbat said Smathers was going to withdraw as counsel, and not represent her at tbe trial of said case; tbat when tbe case 'was called for trial tbe said J. Bat Smathers requested tbat bis firm be permitted to -withdraw as counsel in said cause, due to tbe fact tbat he bad not been paid tbe fees requested, and tbe permission requested was granted, and tbe said J. Bat Smathers, for bis firm, withdrew as counsel in said cause for tbe defendant, whereupon tbe case, without tbe knowledge or any information on tbe part of tbe defendant, was immediately called for trial, and tried, and a verdict was returned by tbe jury in favor of tbe plaintiff and against tbe defendant for tbe sum of twenty-five hundred dollars ($2,500), and a judgment as appears in tbe record was entered, adjudging tbat tbe plaintiff have and recover of tbe de*300fendant,. the said Halcyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of the estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, ($2,500), and the costs.

That the said Halcyone Parker Hilliard, executrix of the estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, at the time of the trial of said cause was the only defendant in said action, the other two defendants, to wit: Southern Railway Company and the Biltmore Hospital, having prior to that time been discharged and the action dismissed as to them.

The court further finds as a fact that the said Halcyone Parker Hil-liard, executrix of the estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, was guilty of no laches on her part, but was only guilty of such conduct as amounted to excusable neglect; that the said Halcyone Parker Hil-liard, executrix of the estate of Dr. William D. Hilliard, as soon as she first discovered that a judgment had been taken against her, to wit: in August, 1932, took immediate and proper action to have the judgment set aside and canceled. The court finds as a fact that Asheville is a distance from Marshall 21 miles and there is a railroad, bus, telegraph and telephone service between said cities.

It is now, therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed, on motion of Jones & Ward, attorneys for the defendant, that the judgment heretofore entered at the April Term, 1932, of this court in this cause be, and the same is hereby declared void and set aside, and this cause is retained to the end that the same may be heard upon its merits.”

The plaintiff excepted and appealed to the Supreme Court.

John A. Hendricks for plaintiff.

W ard & J ones for defendant.

Adams, J.

An attorney who is retained generally to conduct a legal proceeding enters into an entire contract to follow the proceeding to its termination, and hence cannot abandon the service of his client without sufficient cause and without giving proper notice of his purpose. Branch v. Walker, 92 N. C., 87; Ladd v. Teague, 126 N. C., 544; Newkirk v. Stevens, 152 N. C., 498; United States v. Curry, 6 How., 106, 12 L. Ed., 363; Tenny v. Berger, 93 N. Y., 524, 45 A. L. R., 263. Weeks states the rule as follows: “An attorney who undertakes the conduct of an action impliedly stipulates to carry it to its termination and is not at liberty to abandon it without reasonable cause and reasonable notice.” Weeks on Attorneys at Law, sec. 255.

The dual relation sustained by an attorney imposes upon him a dual obligation — the one to his client, the other to the court. He is an officer of the court, Waddell v. Ay cock, 195 N. C., 263, and can withdraw from a pending action in which he is retained only by leave of the court, Branch v. Walker, supra, Ladd v. Teague, supra, and only after having *301given reasonable notice to Ms client. This Court bas held tbat if an attorney wishes to withdraw from a case in which he has been employed he must inform his client of his intention, and that he cannot terminate the contractual relation between them without imparting such information. In an analogous case Da-vis, J., remarked: “Needing counsel and having employed counsel she would not be thus left ignorant of the fact that she had none.” Gooch v. Peebles, 105 N. C., 411.

No rule of universal application has been formulated with respect to facts or conditions which would justify an attorney in withdrawing from pending litigation; but it is generally held that the client’s failure to pay or to secure the payment of proper fees upon reasonable demand will justify the attorney in refusing to proceed with the case. Ternvg v. Berger, supra; Bliot v. Lawton, 7 Allen, 274, 83 A. D., 683; Thomas v. Morrison, 46 S. W., 46; Bissell v. Zorn, 99 S. W., 458; Young v. Lanznar, 112 S. W., 17; Silver Peak Gold Min. Co. v. Harris, 116 Fed., 439. In Spector v. Greenstein, 85 Pa. Sup. R., 177, it was held that while an attorney may sever his relation with a client who refuses to pay a fee, his withdrawal should not be allowed in the absence of the client, without notice to him, and without his having an opportunity to be heard.

The attorney who had previously represented the defendant is a reputable attorney and a member of a reputable firm. This finding is set out in the judgment. His fee was not paid and for this reason he withdrew from the case by leave of the court. The decisive question is whether the defendant was'entitled to specific notice that her attorney would not represent her at the trial. It is held generally that she was entitled to such notice.

In their last conference the attorney told the defendant that she must “pay his firm some fees for their services performed and to be performed,” that “he must have some money” — a remark of frequent repetition in these latter days; but this is all that was said in regard to the payment of fees. There is no finding of fact, indeed no pretense, that the defendant had definite notice of the attorney’s intention to withdraw. She was informed that the case would probably be called for trial at the ensuing term of the court, but she did not know when the term would be held or when the case would be tried. It is found as a fact that she had no knowledge that the case had been listed on the calendar or that her attorney intended to retire as counsel. She was entitled either to specific notice in advance that her counsel would retire from the case or, after his withdrawal, that he had retired, and to a reasonable opportunity to obtain other professional assistance.

According to the judgment of the trial court, the defendant has a good and meritorious defense to the plaintiff’s action; she acted promptly *302upon discovery of the judgment against her; and without remissness or laches on her part she is entitled to the relief demanded. We concur in the judgment.

The appellant makes the point that the Superior Court merely declared the judgment void and left the verdict undisturbed. Formerly a judgment based on a verdict could not be set aside for excusable neglect, Morrison v. McDonald, 113 N. C., 327; but in 1893 the General Assembly amended the statute by inserting the word “verdict.” P. L., 1893, chap. 81. Both the judgment and the verdict may now be vacated for excusable neglect. Accordingly, it was ordered that the judgment entered at April Term, 1932,, be declared void and set aside and .that the cause be retained “to the end that the same may be heard upon its merits.” The latter clause vacates the verdict. Judgment

Affirmed.