{ "id": 8629808, "name": "CHARLTON E. MISSKELLEY v. HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY", "name_abbreviation": "Misskelley v. Home Life Insurance Co.", "decision_date": "1933-12-13", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "496", "last_page": "508", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "205 N.C. 496" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "204 N. C., 551", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8621865 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/204/0551-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 A. L. R., 1360", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "191 N. C., 32", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8627595 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/191/0032-01" ] }, { "cite": "36 Okla., 325", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Okla.", "case_ids": [ 51818 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/okla/36/0325-01" ] }, { "cite": "153 S. C., 401", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "S.C.", "case_ids": [ 8715789 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sc/153/0401-01" ] }, { "cite": "170 S. E., 776", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "case_ids": [ 2032903 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sc/170/0439-01" ] }, { "cite": "200 N. C., 642", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8625257 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/200/0642-01" ] }, { "cite": "177 Mo. App., 683", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mo. App.", "case_ids": [ 1675767 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mo-app/177/0683-01" ] }, { "cite": "160 S. W., 573", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "195 N. C., 262", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628662 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/195/0262-01" ] }, { "cite": "299 Pac. Rep., 862", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "149 Okla., 147", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Okla.", "case_ids": [ 8886241 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/okla/149/0147-01" ] }, { "cite": "202 N. C., 659", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628011 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/202/0659-01" ] }, { "cite": "176 N. C., 680", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8657601 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/176/0680-01" ] }, { "cite": "176 N. C., 545", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8656794 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/176/0545-01" ] }, { "cite": "173 N. C., 532", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11270907 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/173/0532-01" ] }, { "cite": "170 N. C., 445", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8659860 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/170/0445-01" ] }, { "cite": "167 N. C., 547", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11273292 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/167/0547-01" ] }, { "cite": "152 N. C., 206", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11270333 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/152/0206-01" ] }, { "cite": "151 N. C., 341", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8654792 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/151/0341-01" ] }, { "cite": "133 N. C., 407", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8657933 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/133/0407-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1140, "char_count": 33941, "ocr_confidence": 0.427, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.04113073152213e-07, "percentile": 0.9073951801823195 }, "sha256": "a8c561bf97d204f10c556a6846c590d107fd1a3e36469498b5aa3555831930ac", "simhash": "1:8705a2cb1b128008", "word_count": 5856 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T16:12:31.066060+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "CHARLTON E. MISSKELLEY v. HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "ClakksoN, J.\nAt tbe close of plaintiff\u2019s evidence and at tbe close of all tbe evidence defendant made motions for judgment as in case of nonsuit. O. S., 567. The court below overruled these motions, and in this we can see no error.\nPlaintiff testified, in part: \u201cI made application to the Home Life Insurance Company of New York for a policy of insurance on 31 July, 1929. After making application for the policy, on 4 August, 1929, the company sent me to Dr. James E. Eogers to be exainined. I visited Dr. Eogers\u2019 office for this examination. He stripped me to my waist and tested my heart and lungs and my blood pressure. He took a specimen of my blood and urine; examined my eyes, head, nose, ears, and throat. In examining my eyes, he had some kind of a little light. He looked into my eyes with it. He made me close one eye and look at a calendar on the wall about fifteen feet back, I reckon. He covered my eye with a card and told me to read certain things on the calendar, which I did. He would cover the other eye and told me to read that on another calendar, and I read that. I did not do anything to prevent Dr. Eogers from examining me, or any part of my body, in connection with the policy of insurance. After the examination a policy was issued to me. These attachments were all connected with it. At the time this policy ivas issued to me I was not suffering from awy condition of my eyes or other part of my body. At the time this policy of insurance was issued to me I was engaged in work as a carpenter foreman on the Ealeigh High School on St. Mary\u2019s Street. At that time I did not experience any trouble in doing my work. I was able at that time to drive my own automobile. I was able at that time to walk across the streets and street intersections alone. From the time this policy was issued to me and up to the first of September, 1930, I did not have awy trouble with' my eyesight. I did not ever make any complaint about my eyesight.\u201d Q. \u201cI will ask you to look at these gentlemen of the jury, and as I walk down before them tell me if you can see them. Can you see Mr. Kennedy, juror No. 1 ?\u201d A. \u201cI can\u2019t see none of them. All I can see is a blackness. I can\u2019t tell who nobody is. I can see only a black form. I am not able to tell whether Mr. Kennedy is wearing glasses or not. Since the first of September, 1980,1 have not been able to engage in any occupation for gain or profit. I attempted to do work after the first of September, 1930. I tried to cover a little shed and fell off. I have not been able to work at all since then. At this time I am not able to drive my own automobile. I am not able to walk across street intersections alone, not safely. I get someone to come with me when I come to town. The last work I engaged in was in September, 1930, at the Catholic Orphanage for Southeastern Construction Company of Charlotte. At that time I was carpenter foreman.\u201d Q. \u201cNow, what were you doing at the Catholic Orphanage at the time this accident occurred?\u201d A. \u201cWell, they had a wide span there in the floor on the third floor and it was swaggering. We went into the basement and was putting in steel cross-beams under the floor to hold the floor up, which was going to fall. \"We put steel beams in to hold it up. We worked there and were putting in the last beam when it slipped in some way. I was standing to the side and it hit me side of the head and knocked me unconscious about an hour or more. I have a scar on my head now from it.. It is still here (indicating). I have suffered with my eyes since then. My right eye is plumb out and my left is practically out. I can only tell a light, is all. My eyesight is getting worse.\u201d\nThe defendant contended, in part: \u201cThat since 1923, six years before the policy was issued, that Mr. Misskelley, the plaintiff, was suffering with choroiditis, a disease of the eye, and that when he was examined by Dr. Hicks in 1931 that the tissues and membranes of the eyes, or the membranes composing the eye, were found to be scarred, or some of them were, showing that the disease had continued for some length of time. That he is not permanently and totally disabled.\u201d\nOn these disputed facts, which were corroborated by evidence on both sides of the controversy, the court below, at the request of defendant, gave the following instructions: \u201cNow, the defendant has requested the court to give you certain instructions, which I will now proceed to do. I instruct you that if you find from the evidence, and by its greater weight, that the plaintiff has become and is totally and permanently presumably disabled from bodily injury or disease, such disease affecting his eyesight and thereby rendering him totally and permanently disabled, and if you further find that he was suffering from a disease which affected his eyesight, known as choroiditis, in the year 1923, and that the effect of this disease upon his eyesight continued until after 19 August, 1929, you will answer the first issue No.\u2019 If you find from the evidence that the plaintiff had the disease known as choroiditis in the year 1923, and that his permanent and total disability, if you find that he is now totally and permanently disabled, is the result of such disease, you will answer the first issue No.\u2019 \u201d The court further instructed the jury: \u201cNow, as I have stated to you, the burden is upon the plaintiff to satisfy you by the greater weight of the evidence, and I have explained what that phrase means. If he has so satisfied you, that is to say, by the greater weight of the evidence, that he has been totally and presumably permanently disabled from bodily injury occurring or disease originating after the issuance of the policy, it will be your duty to answer the first issue \u2018Yes.\u2019 If you do not so find, it will be your duty to answer the first issue No.\u2019 \u201d\nThe first issue was: \u201cHas plaintiff, since 1 September, 1930, been totally and presumably permanently disabled from bodily injury occurring or disease originating after tbe issuance of tbe policy, as alleged in tbe complaint?\u201d Tbe jury answered tbis disputed fact \u201cYes,\u201d in favor of tbe plaintiff.\nUnder Article IV, sec. 8, of tbe Constitution of North Carolina, tbis Court bas \u201cjurisdiction to review, upon appeal, any decision of tbe courts below, upon any matter of law or legal inference,\u201d etc. Taking tbe evidence in t\u00edm light most favorable to plaintiff, it was ample to have been submitted to tbe jury.\nTbe second issue was: \u201cWas due proof submitted to tbe company at its borne office in tbe city of New York that tbis insured bad become and was totally and permanently presumably disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after date on which tbe policy agreement became effective?\u201d Tbe jury answered tbis issue \u201cYes.\u201d Tbe third issue was: \u201cIf so, on what date was such proof submitted ?\u201d The jury answered: \u201c4 January, 1932.\u201d On tbe second issue tbe defendant requested tbe court below to charge tbe jury: \u201cTbe court instructs you that upon all of tbe evidence in tbis case you will answer tbe second issue No/ \u201d Tbe court below refused to give tbis prayer for instruction, and in tbis we can see no error.\nOn 21 September, 1931, tbe following letter was written from bead-quarters of tbe American Red Cross at Raleigh, N. C., signed by Hal. W. Young and Mrs. Hubert Young, executive secretary: \u201cRe: Misskelley, Charlton E. Gentlemen: Tbe above World War veteran is a bolder of Policy No. 368913, with disability clause for payment on account of permanent and total disability. Mr. Misskelley was rated as totally and permanently disabled by tbe Veterans\u2019 Bureau on account of blindness in January, 1931, and is receiving tbe maximum amount of $40 per month for non-service connected disability under World War Veterans\u2019 Act, 1924, as amended 3 July, 1930. From Mr. Misskelley\u2019s receipt, I note that be made a payment on tbis insurance on 19 August, 1931. Is be not entitled to a refund of tbis payment as well as payment on policy dated from January, 1930. Kindly advise me regarding tbis at your earliest convenience, as Mr. Misskelley bas been obliged to give up all work and is entirely dependent on bis wife and parents for support. I am attaching hereto letter from tbe Veterans\u2019 Bureau and copy of act. Assuring you of our appreciation and co6x>eration. Very truly yours.\u201d\nOn 24 September, 1931, defendant\u2019s assistant actuary answered and addressed tbe letter to Mrs. Hubert Young, executive secretary, as follows : \u201cRe: Policy No. 368913 \u2014 Charlton E. Misskelley. Dear Madam: We are in receipt of your letter of 21 September enclosing a copy of a letter from tbe Veterans\u2019 Bureau and a copy of tbe World War Veterans\u2019 Act, with reference to tbe above insured\u2019s disability. We herewith enclose forms for proof and claim of the disability under Policy No. 368913. Will you kindly hare the insured complete the one statement, and have the other completed by his attending physician? If his disability claim is approved, the premium due 19 August will be refunded and waived, provided that he was totally disabled for three months prior to the end of the grace period.\u201d\nOn 4 January, 1932, Mrs. Hubert Young, executive secretary, sent the following letter to defendant: \u201cBe: Misskelley, Charlton E. Dear Sirs: Attached hereto are claim for disability benefits, also statements from Dr. John B. Wright and Dr. Y. M. Hicks, this city.\u201d In this letter was \u201cClaim for disability benefits submitted to Home Life Insurance Company,\u201d signed by plaintiff, with attending physicians\u2019 statements. This statement of plaintiff is about the same as his testimony on the trial. The physician\u2019s statement, who examined him 23 April, 1931, says: \u201c(16) Does the disability completely prevent the insured from doing work of any kind or engaging in any business or occupation? No. Since what date? .day of ., 19. (II) From present indications, what seems the most probable future course of the disease? Describe as fully as you can. Eyesight gradually (slowly) being impaired. (18) What are the prospects that the insured will recover to the extent of being able to do work of some kind, or to engage in any occupation or business, even in a limited way? (State why.) Good. Why \u2014 because he was not totally blind, or was not the last time I saw him.\u201d\nOn 11 February, 1932, plaintiff received a letter from defendant company\u2019s assistant actuary, which reads as follows: \u201cEe: Policy No. 368913. Dear Sir: This is in reference to your claim for an allowance of the disability benefits under the above-numbered policy. We note that the doctor who completed the attending physician\u2019s statement for you has not been attending you, but only examined you on 25 April, 1931. From the evidence submitted by him, and that of the company\u2019s examiner, it appears that there has been an impairment in your vision, but it does not appear that your vision is impaired to such an extent that you are unable to engage in any occupation. Furthermore, we are in receipt of evidence to the effect that you had a choroiditis in the right eye, which essentially destroyed the vision of that eye some eight or nine years.ago. The above-numbered policy was issued in connection with your application, for it is dated 31 July, 1929. In your application for the insurance and declaration to our examiner at the time of your examination in connection with the application, you apparently withheld this information from the company. We wish to call your attention to the disability contract issued in connection with your policy, which provides for benefits only if due proof be submitted to the company That the insured has become and is totally and presumably permanently disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after the date on which this agreement became effective.\u2019 Since you claim disability on account of a disease which apparently originated before the date on which the contract became effective, this alone would preclude us from allowing' your claim.\u201d (Italics ours.)\nOn this second issue, the court below charged the jury as follows: \u201cThe burden here is upon the plaintiff, Mr. Misskelley, to satisfy you by the greater weight of the evidence. He contends, gentlemen of the jury, that he wrote to the company, but could hear nothing from them; that he received no reply to his letters, or any of the communications, until Mr. Misskelley requested the good offices of the Raleigh Chapter of the Red Cross to write, and that when Mrs. Young, secretary of the Red Cross, wrote, they then replied to Mrs. Young, and that as soon thereafter as practicable they sent in proofs of claim on the blanks furnished by the company. Now, Mr. Misskelley contends that he wrote his first letter to the company on 15 January, 1931, and that you should so find, and that upon receiving no reply to that letter, he then requested Mrs. Misskelley to write, and that she wrote once or twice, but received no reply; that then, at the request of either Mr. or Mrs. Miss-kelley, Mrs. Young then wrote to the company and got the blanks upon which proof of claim was made. He contends that the company was advised of notice of his disability on 15 January, 1931, and that you should answer the second issue \u2018Yes.\u2019 Now, the defendant, on the other hand, contends that it received no such letters; that it received no letters from either Mr. Misskelley\u2019or Mrs. Misskelley, and that you should so find. (Now, I instruct you, \u2022 gentlemen, that it is a presumption of law that when a letter is properly addressed and stamped and placed in the mail that it was received. That presumption may be rebutted, however.) Now, Mr. Misskelley contends that on 15 January, 1931, he wrote a letter in his own hand; that it was properly stamped and duly addressed and placed in the postoffice at Raleigh, and that you should so find; that thereafter his wife wrote one or two letters, and addressed them properly and placed the required amount of stamps upon the letters, or letter, and mailed the same in the postoffice in Raleigh, and that you should so find, and contends further that you should answer the issue \u2018Yes.\u2019 The defendant contends that you should answer the issue \u2018No.\u2019 Now, if the plaintiff has satisfied you by the greater weight of the evidence that due proof was submitted, it will be your duty to answer the second issue \u2018Yes.\u2019 If he has not so* satisfied you, it will be your duty to answer the issue No.\u2019 \u201d From the finding of the jury, the exception and assignment of error to' the foregoing\u2019 portion of the charge in parentheses becomes immaterial. The defendant contends that under the policy this was not \u201cdue proof.\u201d We cannot so hold.\nPlaintiff in bis complaint alleged: \u201c(7) Tbat plaintiff bas submitted due proof to tbe defendant at its borne office in tbe city of New York; but defendant bas written plaintiff denying its liability, and bas declined to recognize bis claim, and refused to pay tbe same.\u201d Tbe defendant in its answer says: \u201c(7) Answering tbe allegations in paragraph 7, defendant denies tbat plaintiff bas submitted due proof to it at its borne office in tbe city of New York. It is admitted tbat defendant bas denied liability and declined and refused to recognize and pay qolaintiff\u2019s claim for tbe reasons set forth in tbis answer.\u201d\nIn Cyclopedia of Insurance Law (Couch), Vol. 7, p. 5545, part sec. 1573, is tbe following: \u201cBased largely upon tbe principle or theory tbat tbe law does not require a vain, useless, or unnecessary thing, tbat is, something tbat will be unavailing, tbe general rule is tbat a denial by tbe insurer, or its authorized agent, or liability under its policy, if made during tbe period of presentation of proofs, will operate as a waiver of a provision which is merely a condition precedent to tbe bringing of an action, such as one requiring notice and proofs of loss \u2014 at least, where the denial is based upon grounds other than tbe failure to furnish such notice or proofs.\u201d\nIn Cooley\u2019s Briefs on Insurance, Yol. 7 (2d ed.), at p. 6019, tbe principle is stated: \u201cA failure to give notice or furnish proofs of loss, or defects in tbe notice and proofs, are waived by a denial of liability on other grounds.\u201d\nIn Gerringer v. Ins. Co., 133 N. C., 407 (415), we find: \u201cTbe weight of authority is in favor of tbe rule tbat a distinct denial of liability and refusal to pay, on tbe ground tbat there is no contract or tbat there is no liability, is a waiver of tbe condition requiring proof of loss or death. It is equivalent to a declaration tbat they will not pay, though tbe proof be furnished.\u201d Jordan v. Hanover F. Ins. Co., 151 N. C., 341; Higson v. North River Ins. Co., 152 N. C., 206; Shuford v. Life Ins. Co., 167 N. C., 547; Lowe v. Fidelity & Gas. Co., 170 N. C., 445; Moore v. General A. F. & L. Assur. Corp., 173 N. C., 532; Mercantile Co. v. Ins. Co., 176 N. C., 545; Proffitt v. Ins. Co., 176 N. C., 680; Taylor v. Ins. Co., 202 N. C., 659; Smith v. Assurance Society, ante, 387.\nTbe principles above enunciated apply to life as well as fire insurance. In a policy similar to tbe one under consideration, we find, in Federal Life Ins. Co. v. Lewis, 183 Pac. Rep. (Okla.), 975, tbe following: \u201cTbe provision in the insurance policy requiring proof of total disability to be furnished tbe company within a certain definite time is waived by tbe company denying liability within such time upon other grounds than failure to furnish proof of total disability.\u201d Insurance Co. v. Tackett, 149 Okla., 147, 299 Pac. Rep., 862; Insurance Co. v. Callahan, 57 S. W. (2d), 1083.\nThe attending physician\u2019s statement as to plaintiff\u2019s condition is not conclusive on plaintiff\u2019s right to recover. Fields v. Assur. Co., 195 N. C., 262; Buchholz v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 160 S. W., 573, 177 Mo. App., 683.\nThe court below charged the jury as follows: \u201cNow, gentlemen of the jury, the policy provides: 'Totally disabled by injury or disease, so that he is prevented thereby from engaging in any occupation and performing any work for compensation or profit.\u2019 \u2018Prevented thereby from engaging in any occupation and performing any work for compensation or profit.\u2019 You are doubtless asking yourself the question: Just what does that mean? What does \u2018prevented thereby from engaging in any occupation and performing any work for compensation or profit\u2019 mean? (I instruct you, gentlemen of the jury, that the question for you is: Was he prevented from working with reasonable continuity in his usual work, or in such work as he, Mr. Misskelley, is qualified physically and mentally under all the circumstances to do, substantially the reasonable and essential duties incident thereto ? I will state that to you again, so-that there may be no possibility of error: Was he prevented from working with reasonable continuity in his usual work, or in such work as he, Mr. Misskelley, is qualified physically and mentally under all the circumstances to do, substantially the reasonable and essential duties incident thereto?) (Now, I instruct you that \u2018ability to do odd jobs of \u00e1 comparatively trifling nature does not prevent a recovery.\u2019) (So, gentlemen of the jury, it is a question of fact for you. If you find that he has been, since the first of September, totally and presumably permanently disabled from bodily injury occurring or disease originating after the issuance of the policy, as alleged in the complaint, it will be your duty to answer the issue \u2018Yes.\u2019 \u201d) To the foregoing portions of the charge in parentheses defendant excepts and assigns error. We see nO' error in the charge.\nThe charge is substantially that approved in Bulluck v. Ins. Co., 200 N. C., 642 (646) : \u201cThe reasoning of the opinions seems to indicate that engaging in a gainful occupation is the ability of the insured to work with reasonable continuity in his usual occupation, or in such an occupation as he is qualified physically and mentally, under all the circumstances, to perform substantially the reasonable and essentia] duties incident thereto. Hence, the ability to do odd jobs of comparatively trifling nature does not preclude recovery. Furthermore, our decisions, and the decisions of courts generally, have established the principle that the jury, under proper instructions from the trial judge, must determine whether the insured has suffered such total disability as to render it \u2018impossible to follow a gainful occupation.\u2019 \u201d Smith v. Assurance Co., ante, 387.\nIn Austell v. Volunteer State Life Ins. Co., 170 S. E., 776, decided 13 September, 1933 (S. C.), that Court approved the construction heretofore placed by the Court on this subject, and said in part: \u201cOur Supreme Court said in the McCutchen case, 153 S. C., 401, 151 S. E., 67, 71: \u2018On the contrary, the courts, giving consideration to the object of the contract, hold that the \u201ctotal disability\u201d contemplated by the agreement is inability to do substantially all of the material acts necessary to the prosecution of the insured\u2019s business or occupation, in substantially his customary and usual manner.\u2019 \u201d\nIn Federal Life Ins. Co. v. Lewis, supra, is the following: \u201cThe word \u2018total\u2019 disability is construed by this Court in the case of Continental Casualty Co. v. Wynne, 36 Okla., 325, 129 Pac., 16, which states as follows: \u2018Total disability, under the provisions of an accident insurance policy, does not mean absolute physical inability on the part of the insured to transact any kind of business pertaining to his occupation. It exists, although the insured may be able to perform a few occasional or trivial acts relating thereto, if he is not able to do any substantial portion of the work connected with his occupation.\u2019 \u201d\nIn Cyc. of Ins., supra, at p. 5807, it is said: \u201cAnd where loss of sight of both eyes is expressly declared to constitute total and permanent disability, the ability of the insured, after such a loss, to perform some work for compensation of financial value is immaterial.\u201d Wamboldt v. Ins. Co., 191 N. C., 32, 45 A. L. R., 1360.\nThe court below charged the jury on the third issue as follows: \u201cIf you do consider it, it will be your duty to write for your answer such date as the plaintiff by the greater weight of the evidence has satisfied you that the company had notice of his disability, or proof of his disability.\u201d Defendant excepted and assigned error to this charge, contending that notice and proof were not synonymous, and that the words used in the contract were \u201cdue proof,\u201d and that this contemplates more than mere notice of disability. \u00a5e think the position taken by the defendant is too technical. In American Nat. Ins. Co. v. Callahan, 51 S. W. Rep. (2d series), at page 1086, is the following: \u201cThe meaning of the word \u2018due\u2019 in the term \u2018due proof\u2019 is determined by the connection in which it is used. It has been the subject of many decisions by the courts. As used here, we think it refers to the time when the proof is to be furnished rather than the sufficiency or conclusiveness of the proof to establish the facts.\u201d\nIn Couch on Insurance, Vol. 7, part sec. 1540, p. 5492, it is stated thus: \u201cThe question then arises: What is \u2018due notice and proof ?\u2019 It does not rest with the insurers alone to decide this question; rather, the provision requires such notice and proof as may appear to a court to be in accordance with the rules of evidence, and, if such notice and proof have been given, then, there has been a compliance with the provisions. The question, then, as to what is due proof is to be determined by the courts, according to the rules of evidence, and not by the insurers. And due proof of a claim of loss under a policy means such a statement of facts, reasonably verified, as, if established in court, would prima facie require payment of the claim, and does not mean some particular form of proof which the insurer arbitrarily demands; nor does the statement of one adequate fact in the proofs exclude others omitted through mistake or ignorance.\u201d See sec. 1552.\nThe charge does not impinge C. S., 564. We do not think.the exceptions and assignments of error to the admission of the testimony of Dr. L. N. West, Dr. V. M. Hicks, and Dr. John B. Wright can be sustained. They were admitted to be experts. We see no error in excluding certain questions propounded to Dr. James R. Rogers in regard to the use of ophthalmoscope. The instructions not given, prayed for by defendant, were properly refused. In the instructions to the jury by the court below we see no error. They were carefully and accurately given and the case tried in accordance with the law in this and other jurisdictions. The case of Thigpen v. Ins. Co., 204 N. C., 551, relied on by defendant is easily distinguishable from the present case.\nFrom a careful review of the record and law applicable to the facts, we can see, in law,\nNo error.", "type": "majority", "author": "ClakksoN, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "J. L. Emanuel for plaintiff.", "Winston & Tucker and Murray- Allen for defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "CHARLTON E. MISSKELLEY v. HOME LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.\n(Filed 13 December, 1933.)\n1. Insurance R c \u2014 Conflicting evidence as to whether insured had disease causing disability prior to issuance of policy held for jury.\nPlaintiff brought suit on a disability clause in a policy of life insurance which provided for certain monthly payments if insured should- become disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after the issuance of the policy. Plaintiff testified that at the time of the issuance of the policy his eyesight was not impaired and that he was thoroughly examined by insurer\u2019s physician upon his application for the policy, and that no impairment or disease of his sight was disclosed by the physician\u2019s examination and test of his eyes, and that subsequent blindness had rendered him disabled. Defendant introduced testimony of an eye specialist that from his examination of plaintiff\u2019s eyes plaintiff was suffering from a chronic eye disease several years prior to the application for the policy, and moved for a nonsuit on the ground that the evidence showed that the disease resulting in plaintiffs disability originated prior to the issuance of the policy: Held,, the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff, was sufficient to be submitted to the jury.\nS. Appeal and Error A a\u2014\nThe Supreme Court is confined to matters of law or legal inference upon appeal of a civil action. Art. IV, sec. S.\n3. Insurance M e \u2014 Denial of liability is a waiver of proof of disability.\nWhere an insurer denies liability under a disability clause in a life insurance policy on the ground that the alleged disability resulted from a disease originating prior to the issuance of the policy and therefore did not come within the terms of the disability clause, and that the disability was not total as defined by the policy, the insurer waives proof of disability.\n4. Insurance R c\u2014\nThe attending physician\u2019s statement as to insured\u2019s condition is not conclusive on the question of whether insured had become \u2019 totally and permanently disabled within the provisions of the policy contract.\n5. Same \u2014 Instruction defining total permanent disability held without error.\nIn an action on a disability clause in a policy of life insurance providing for the xiayment of a certain sum monthly to insured if he should become totally and presumably permanently disabled and thereby prevented from engaging in any occupation and performing any work for compensation and profit, an instruction that the question to be determined by the jury was whether insured \u201cwas prevented from working with reasonable continuity in his usual work or in such work as he is qualified physically and mentally under all the circumstances to do, substantially the reasonable and essential duties incident thereto\u201d and that ability to do odd jobs of a comparatively trifling nature would not prevent recovery, is held to be without error.\n6. Insurance M c \u2014 Proof of loss sufficient for recovery if established in court is sufficient.\nIt is not required that an insured should furnish proof of disability to the satisfaction of the insurer, but only that he should furnish such proof of disability as would entitle him to recover if established in court according to the rules of evidence.\nAppeal by defendant from Crammer, J., and a jury, at March Term, 1933, of Wake. No error.\nThis was a civil action, instituted by Charlton E. Misskelley, plaintiff, against Home Life Insurance Company, defendant, to establish the liability of defendant for certain benefits in the nature of stipulated monthly income and waiver of premiums, under the provisions of total and permanent disability contained in a iiolicy of life insurance issued by defendant upon the life of plaintiff.\nOn 31 July, 1929, plaintiff made written application to defendant company for a policy upon bis life in the face amount of $2,000, the policy, among other features, contained disability benefits consisting of waiver of premiums and monthly income. Upon consideration of the application, defendant instructed plaintiff to be examined by its medical examiner, Dr. James R. Rogers, of Raleigh; and on 4 August, 1929, plaintiff presented himself to and was examined by Dr. Rogers.\nOn 19 August, 1929, in consideration of said application and medical examination and the payment by plaintiff of the initial semiannual premium of $37.94, defendant issued to plaintiff Policy No. 368913, for the face amount of $2,000. In said policy defendant agreed, upon due proof being submitted, \u201cthat the insured has become and is totally and presumably permanently disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after the date on which this agreement becanie effective, and if no premium or installment thereof be in default\u201d: (1) To waive the payment of premiums under said policy, and to refund any premiums paid Avhich would be subject to waiver; and (2) to pay to insured a monthly income of $10 for each $1,000 of the face amount of the policy during the period of disability. The semiannual premium of $37.94 was, under the policy, allocated to the benefits thereunder, as follows: Por the ordinary death benefits a semiannual premium was charged of $31.28; for the accidental death benefits a semiannual premium was charged of $1.46; for the total and permanent disability benefits a semiannual premium was charged of $5.20, making a total semiannual premium of $37.94. The policy contained the following definitions of total and permanent disability: (a) \u201cThe irrecoverable loss of sight of both eyes or the total and permanent loss by accident or disease of the use of both hands, or of both feet, or of one hand and one foot, shall constitute total and permanent disability within the meaning of this agreement without prejudice to any other cause of disability, and in any such ease the benefits will accrue from the date of such disability, anything to the contrary hereinbefore notwithstanding: Provided, however, that benefits shall not accrue more than six months prior to the date of receipt of suet, due proof.\u201d (b) \"Disability will be deemed to be total whenever the insured becomes wholly disabled by bodily injury or disease, so that he is prevented thereby from engaging in any occupation and performing any work for compensation or profit, and under this agreement disability will be presumed to be permanent after such total disability has existed continuously for not less than three months.\u201d\nAmong other agreements and stipulations, said policy of insurance provided as follows: \u201cIf at any time before the policy anniversary nearest to the sixtieth birthday of the insured, and before the sum insured or any installments thereof becomes payable, due proof be submitted to tbe company at its borne office in tbe city of New York tbat tbe insured bas become and is totally and presumably permanently disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after tbe date on wbicb tbis agreement becomes effective, and if no premiums or installment thereof be in default, Home Life Insurance Company of New York hereby agrefes: '1. To waive tbe payment of premiums under tbe said policy and under tbis agreement wbicb becomes due after total disability bas existed continuously for three months, but only during its continuance thereafter: Provided, however, tbat in no event shall a premium due more than six months prior to tbe date of receipt of such due proof be subject to waiver. In tbe event tbat any premium or premiums be paid wbicb would be subject to waiver under tbis provision, tbe company will refund tbe same. 2. To pay to tbe insured a monthly income of $10 for each $1,000 of tbe face amount of tbe policy, commencing when total disability bas existed continuously for three months and continuing thereafter during such disability, but not beyond tbe date when the sum insured, or any installment thereof, becomes payable: Provided, however, tbat in no event shall income payments accrue more than six months prior to tbe date of receipt of such due proof.\u2019 \u201d\nTbe company admitted tbe due execution and issue of tbe policy, and tbat plaintiff was under tbe age of sixty years.\nTbe issues submitted to tbe jury and their answers thereto were as follows:\n\u201c1. Has tbe plaintiff, since 1 September, 1930, been totally and presumably permanently disabled from bodily injury occurring or disease originating after tbe issuance of the policy, as alleged in the complaint ? Answer: 'Yes.\u2019\n\u201c2. Was due proof submitted to tbe company at its home office in tbe city of New York tbat tbis insured bad become and was totally and permanently presumably disabled by bodily injury occurring or disease originating after date on which tbe policy agreement became effective? Answer: \u2018Yes.\u2019\n\u201c3. If so, on what date was such proof submitted? Answer: '4 January, 1932.\u2019 \u201d\nTbe court below rendered judgment on tbe verdict. Defendant made numerous exceptions and assignments of error and appealed to tbe Supreme Court. Tbe necessary facts will be set forth in tbe opinion.\nJ. L. Emanuel for plaintiff.\nWinston & Tucker and Murray- Allen for defendant." }, "file_name": "0496-01", "first_page_order": 560, "last_page_order": 572 }