{ "id": 8610741, "name": "JOSEPH A. RINGGOLD v. T. E. LAND", "name_abbreviation": "Ringgold v. Land", "decision_date": "1937-11-03", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "369", "last_page": "371", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "212 N.C. 369" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "135 N. C., 628", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8660525 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/135/0628-01" ] }, { "cite": "176 N. C., 401", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8656037, 8656047 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/176/0401-01", "/nc/176/0401-02" ] }, { "cite": "205 N. C., 14", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626395 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/205/0014-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 N. C., 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11276413 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/13/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "9 N. C., 52", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11275571 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/9/0052-01" ] }, { "cite": "118 N. C., 912", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8654282 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/118/0912-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N. C., 76", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8651313 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/115/0076-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 410, "char_count": 6618, "ocr_confidence": 0.485, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.7888306970142076e-07, "percentile": 0.8969109782076098 }, "sha256": "53343ff5df7f6b94a22bd00c88bb6c800bca5a5f04b6301484ef2021a71585c3", "simhash": "1:97b89560f95122f8", "word_count": 1118 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:30:43.466662+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "JOSEPH A. RINGGOLD v. T. E. LAND." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "SoheNCK, J.\nThe defendant demurred to the complaint for that it failed to allege a cause of action. The demurrer was overruled and the defendant reserved exception and appealed to the Supreme Court.\nThe pertinent portion of the complaint reads:\n\u201c3. That on 10 September, 1936, at 3 :30 p. m. the plaintiff was riding in a car driven by LeRoy Smith. The car stopped in front of the store of the defendant, T. E. Land, at 26 Middle Street. Upon stopping the car the defendant, T. E. Land, came up to the car and started a conversation with the plaintiff, in the presence of others in the car, and spoke of and concerning the plaintiff the following false, malicious and slanderous words:\n\u201c \u2018When are you coming to see me V\n\u201c \u2018Most any time,\u2019 answered the plaintiff.\n\u201cThe defendant continued, \u2018I thought you were a preacher.\u2019\n\u201cThe plaintiff answered, \u2018Is that anything against me?\u2019\n\u201cThe defendant continued, \u2018There is no use to lie or to tell a damn lie. You owe me $8.00.\u2019\n\u201cThe plaintiff answered, \u2018I only owe you $7.00. I paid you $1.00.\u2019\n\u201cThe defendant continued, \u2018You are a damn common and dishonest man who gets a man\u2019s goods and not pay for them.\u2019\n\u201cThen the defendant continued his abuse and stuck his head in the car in a menacing and threatening manner and said the following false, malicious and slanderous words, in the presence of many divers persons as follows:\n\u201c \u2018You are a common d \u2014 s\u2014o\u2014b-\u2014. You can take it or not.\u2019\n\u201cThe plaintiff answered, \u2018I do not intend to take it.\u2019\n\u201cIn order to prevent further difficulty and to prevent an assault on the plaintiff the driver of the car drove away while the said defendant continued to abuse and vilify the plaintiff herein. That the words set out in the previous allegation caused great embarrassment and humiliation to the plaintiff and that the uttering of the said false, malicious and slanderous words has greatly humiliated and embarrassed the plaintiff, and has had a tendency to lower him in the esteem of his fellow men and cause him great mental suffering and great and lasting d\u00e1mage.\n\u201c4. That as a result of the false, wanton, malicious and slanderous words so uttered and published in a public place before many and divers persons there ass\u00e9mbled, by the defendant of and concerning the plaintiff, the plaintiff has been greatly damaged in his good name and reputation, and has been humiliated to his great and lasting damage in the amount of $5,000.\u201d\nThe language charged to have been uttered by the defendant did not impute to the plaintiff an indictable or criminal offense involving moral turpitude or punishable by imprisonment, therefore the alleged utterances were not slanderous per se. Barnes v. Crawford, 115 N. C., 76; Crawford v. Barnes, 118 N. C., 912. \u201cThe principle seems to be well established in relation to the action of slander that the words spoken should contain an express imputation of some crime liable to punishment, some capital offense, or other infamous crime, or misdemeanor. Words which convey only the imputation of an imperfect sense or practice of moral virtue, duty, or obligation are not sufficient to support the action. The crime charged, too, must be such as is punishable by the common or statute law, for if it be only a matter of spiritual cognizance it is not, according to the authorities, actionable to charge it. Cro. Eliz., 205; Salk., 696; 6 Term., 694.\u201d Eure v. Odom, 9 N. C., 52. \u201cThe use of mere abusive epithets by defendant, and by him spoken of or to the plaintiff, is not actionable.\u201d Idol v. Jones, 13 N. C., 162.\nSince the alleged utterances were not slanderous per se, the demurrer must be sustained for the reason that there is no allegation in the complaint of special damages, which is necessary where the alleged utterances are only slanderous per quod. \u201cThe difference between the two is that if actionable per se, malice and damage are conclusively presumed, but if actionable only per quod, both malice and spe sial damages must be alleged and proved.\u201d Oates v. Trust Co., 205 N. C., 14; Payne v. Thomas, 176 N. C., 401.\n\u201cSpecial damages are those which are the actual, but not the necessary, result of the injury complained of, and which in fact follow it as a natural and proximate consequence in the particular case, that is, by reason of special circumstances or conditions. Hence general damages are such as might accrue to any person similarly injured, while special damages are such as did in fact accrue to the particular individual by reason of the particular circumstances of the case.\u201d Black\u2019s Law Dictionary, 2d Ed., pp. 314-15, and authorities there cited.\n\u201cActual damages are synonymous with compensatory damages and with general damages. Newell, supra (Newell on Slander and Libel), 839; 18 Am. & Eng. Ency. (2d Ed.), 1081, et seq. Damages for mental suffering are actual or compensatory. They are not special nor punitive, and are given to indemnify the plaintiff for the injury suffered. 1 Am. & Eng. Ency. (2d Ed.), 602. The law infers actual or compensatory damages for injury to the feelings and reputation of the plaintiff from a libel calculated to humiliate him or injure his reputation or character.\u201d Osborn v. Leach, 135 N. C., 628.\nThe demurrer is sustained, and the judgment below is\nReversed.", "type": "majority", "author": "SoheNCK, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Aberneihy & Abernethy for plaintiff, appellee.", "~W. B. B. Onion for defendant, appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "JOSEPH A. RINGGOLD v. T. E. LAND.\n(Filed 3 November, 1937.)\n1. Libel and Slander \u00a7 3 \u2014 Words held actionable per quod and not per se.\nAllegations that defendant, in the presence of others, charged plaintiff with being dishonest and with getting goods and then not paying for them, and that defendant used other abusive and insulting language, are insufficient to charge words actionable per se, since words are actionable per se only when they charge a crime or indictable offense involving moral turpitude, or punishable by imprisonment.\n2. Libel and Slander \u00a7 9 \u2014 Held: Complaint alleging words actionable per quod without allegation of special damages is demurrable.\nWhere the complaint alleges words actionable only per quod, and that plaintiff suffered great humiliation and was damaged in his good name and reputation as a direct result thereof, defendant\u2019s demurrer thereto should be sustained, it being required of plaintiff in such instance to allege special damages, which are damages accruing to the particular individual by reason of the particular circumstances of the ease, and injury to feelings and reputation being general damages, which might accrue to any person similarly injured.\nAppeal by defendant from Cranmer, J., at May Term, 1937, of Craven.\nEeversed.\nAberneihy & Abernethy for plaintiff, appellee.\n~W. B. B. Onion for defendant, appellant." }, "file_name": "0369-01", "first_page_order": 439, "last_page_order": 441 }