{
  "id": 8615891,
  "name": "DENNIS LOGAN v. HOWARD W. JOHNSON",
  "name_abbreviation": "Logan v. Johnson",
  "decision_date": "1940-09-25",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "200",
  "last_page": "204",
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      "cite": "218 N.C. 200"
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
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    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
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      "category": "reporters:state_regional",
      "reporter": "S.E.",
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    {
      "cite": "212 N. C., 472",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "N.C.",
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        8612690
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:22:12.547739+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "DENNIS LOGAN v. HOWARD W. JOHNSON."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "WiNBORNE, J.\nUpon the record on this appeal we are of opinion and hold that exception by defendant to the judgment below, assigned as error, is well taken.\nFindings of fact of tbe Industrial Commission when supported by competent evidence are binding on tbe Superior, and Supreme Courts. Decisions of tbis Court uniformly so bold. But, where it appears that a finding of fact upon wbicb tbe award is based is not supported by competent evidence, tbe finding is not conclusive and must be set aside. Tbis is tbe rule likewise uniformly established by decisions of tbis Court.\nTbe North Carolina Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act, Public Laws 1929, chapter 120, section 31, as amended, provides for compensation to be allowed: \u201c(q) For tbe loss of an eye, sixty per centum of tbe average weekly wages during one hundred weeks.\u201d Then in subsection (t) of said section it is declared: \u201cTotal loss of use of a member or loss of vision of an eye shall be considered as equivalent to tbe loss of such member or eye. Tbe compensation for partial loss of or for partial loss of use of a member or for partial loss of vision of an eye shall be such proportion of tbe payments above provided for total loss as such partial loss bears to-total loss. . . .\u201d\nTbe words used in tbe statute must be taken in their natural or ordinary meaning. Borders v. Cline, 212 N. C., 472, 193 S. E., 826.\nTbe word \u201closs\u201d is defined by Webster as: \u201cState or fact of being lost or destroyed; ruin; destruction; as tbe loss of a vessel at sea.\u201d Tbe word \u201close\u201d is there defined as \u201cTo bring to destruction; to ruin; to destroy; . . . to suffer tbe loss of; to be deprived of; to part with . . . especially in an accidental or unforeseen manner; as .. .- . to lose an eye.\u201d Hence, tbe phrases \u201cTbe loss of an eye\u201d and \u201cTotal . . . loss of vision of an eye,\u201d as used in tbe Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act, when given tbe natural or ordinary meaning manifestly indicate tbe state or fact of loss of an eye or total destruction of tbe vision of an eye \u2014 as distinguished from a partial loss of such vision.\nHere there is evidence of loss of a large percentage of vision of tbe right eye of plaintiff wbicb, when determined, is compensable under tbe provision of tbe act. Yet there is no evidence, competent or otherwise, to support tbe finding of tbe Commission \u201cthat plaintiff now has 100 per cent loss of vision in tbe right eye.\u201d Tbis finding appears to have been predicated upon misinterpretation of tbe report of Dr. Gold. Reference thereto reveals that plaintiff has \u201cslight peripheral vision, but only slight perception in center of cornea.\u201d Dr. Glenn, too, says that plaintiff \u201ccan see a blurred object, daylight and dark.\u201d Therefore, that finding of fact is set aside and the cause is remanded to tbe North Carolina Industrial Commission for further consideration as to tbe extent of partial loss of vision plaintiff has sustained to bis right eye in accordance with tbis opinion.\nAs tbe case goes back to tbe Industrial Commission it is appropriate to say that even though there may be other testimony to tbe same effect, the unsigned copy of letter of 25 October, 1937, from Dr. Smith to Dr. Glenn, to which defendant excepted, is incompetent, and has no place in the record and evidence in the case.\nOther assignments need not now be considered.\nError and remanded.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "WiNBORNE, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Hamriclc & Hamriclc for plaintiff, appellee.",
      "J. 8. Doclcery and Charles Hutchins for defendant, appellant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "DENNIS LOGAN v. HOWARD W. JOHNSON.\n(Filed 25 September, 1940.)\n1. Master and Servant \u00a7 55d\u2014\nThe findings of fact of the Industrial Commission, when supported by competent evidence, are binding upon the courts upon appeal, hut findings not supported by competent evidence are not conclusive and must be set aside.\na. Master and Servant \u00a7\u00a7 37, 41a \u2014 Loss of eye and loss of vision of eye mean total, as distinguished from partial, loss of vision.\nIn construing the North Carolina Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act, the words of the statute must be taken in their natural or ordinary meaning, and upon such construction the phrases \u201cthe loss of an eye\u201d and \u201ctotal . . . loss of vision of an eye\u201d in prescribing the amount of compensation to be allowed for injury thereto, ch. 120, Public Laws of 1929, sec. 31 (q) (t), mean the state or fact of loss of an eye or total destruction of the vision of an eye as distinguished from the partial loss of vision.\n3. Master and Servant \u00a7 41a \u2014 Evidence held not to suppoz't finding that claimant had suffered total loss of vision of one eye.\nThe evidence before the Industrial Commission was to the effect that plaintiff has \u201cslight peripheral vision but only slight perception in center of cornea\u201d of one eye, and that he had only a small percentage of normal vision in the eye. Held,: The evidence does not support a finding that claimant had total loss of vision in the eye, and such finding and the award of compensation based thereon, is set aside and the cause remanded to the Industrial Commission for a proper finding from the evidence as to the extent or percentage of loss of vision claimant had sustained.\n4. Master and Servant \u00a7 52b\u2014\nAn unsigned copy of a letter from one physician to another as to the extent or percentage of loss of vision claimant had sustained, is incompetent and has no place in the record and evidence in the cause.\nAppeal by defendant from Ervin, Special Judge, at Regular April Term, 1940, of Rutiiereord.\nProceeding under the North Carolina Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act, Public Laws 1929, chapter 120, as amended, for an award to plaintiff, the claimant, Dennis Logan, for injury to and loss of his right eye.\nThree hearings have been held before a member of the North Carolina Industrial Commission with regard to the claim in question.\nFollowing the first hearing on 12 November, 1931, the commissioner found as a fact \u201cthat the plaintiff sustained injury by accident arising out of and in the course of his employment on 30 May, 1937, when he sustained an injury to his right eye; that as result of such injury plaintiff was totally disabled for a period of 90 days and that plaintiff now has a substantial loss of vision in the right eye, the amount of same to be determined six or eight months hence.\u201d In opinion filed the Commissioner states that Dr. Glenn, who is not an eye specialist, testified that he regularly treated the plaintiff; that he has a marked opacity and no acute vision in the right eye; that Dr. J. F. McGowan, of Asheville, testified that upon first examination the plaintiff had 22/100 vision in the right eye, and on 28 August, 1931, it was 21/100; that in his opinion there would be further improvement; that plaintiff should continue to treat his eye in accordance with the doctor\u2019s instructions, and that the percentage of vision of the injured right eye be determined six or eight months from the date of hearing. Thereupon the Commissioner entered an order awarding to plaintiff compensation (1) for the 90 days total disability, and (2) thereafter for the percentage of loss of vision to the right eye to be determined six or eight months from 12 November, 1937. For the latter purpose the case was ordered to \u201cbe held open for a reasonable period of time until such time as Dr. McGowan feels that vision should be rated.\u201d\nAt second hearing 30 May, 1939, Dr. C. F. Glenn testified: \u201cIn a case like this he can discern objects and can discern daylight from dark. As far as to identify anybody at any distance he was unable to do so. It was my opinion at the last hearing that he was industrially blind and I was not inclined to think it would improve with treatment or time. I examined him yesterday and his condition is unchanged and I think he is industrially blind and I do not think his condition will improve with time or treatment.\u201d On cross-examination, the witness further testified: \u201cHe can see a blurred object, daylight and dark, but no fingers. He can\u2019t make out that sort of thing at all. I know industrial terms experts use in referring to injuries of the eye. I. know what the terms 22/100 and 21/100 vision mean. That is the fraction of the normal vision that remains in reference to normal vision.\u201d The witness further testified that when the claimant was admitted to the hospital shortly after his injury, he was given treatment for his luetic infection. The Commissioner at this hearing finds as fact (1) that the only issues then involved \u201cwere the determination of loss of vision of the plaintiff\u2019s right eye, if any, and the additional amount of compensation due him by reason of such loss\u201d; (2) that defendant did not have an opportunity to secure an expert eye specialist as a witness at the time of the hearing \u201cdue to the fact that the plaintiff employee had only recently been released from the chain-gang, and upon agreement it is directed that the Industrial Commission designate some eye specialist\u201d to examine plaintiff \u201cand that the report of said eye specialist on the condition of the eye, the right of the plaintiff Dennis Logan shall be considered by the Industrial Commission, or any member of said Commission, as competent evidence in said ease and shall become a part of the record of said case.\u201d\nTbe Industrial Commission designated \u201cDr. T. B. Gold, eye specialist of Shelby, North Carolina, as the physician to examine the eye of the plaintiff pursuant to the said agreement.\u201d\nOn 20 September, 1939, Dr. Gold, in letter to Chairman T. A. Wilson, made this report: \u201cI am writing you in regards to Dennis Logan. He has an old scar covering about two-thirds of cornea of right eye on nasal side. The scar is thicker in center than on edges. There is also a scar on temporal side about 11 A. M. The eye is quiet and the scar is not progressing and I would say that his status has not changed in the last year or year and half. He has slight peripheral vision, but only slight perception in center of cornea. The left eye is normal.\u201d\nAfter a third hearing held on 21 September, 1939, the Commission rendered an opinion in which, after referring to the report of Dr. Gold, it is stated that: \u201cDr. Gold gave as his opinion that the plaintiff has 100 per cent loss of vision in the right eye due to the injury by accident.\u201d And continuing stated: \u201cUpon all of the competent evidence and the admissions the Commission finds as a fact that the plaintiff now has 100 per cent loss of vision in the right eye which was due to the injury he sustained May 30, 1937, while working for Howard W. Johnson.\u201d Pursuant to such finding an award was made for compensation \u201cfor 100 weeks for the complete loss of vision in the right eye.\u201d\nUpon appeal by defendant to the Full Commission, the findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the award at the last hearing were approved, affirmed and adopted as its own. Defendant appealed therefrom to the Superior Court of Rutherford County.\nPending hearing in Superior Court at request of counsel for plaintiff, the Industrial Commission, by supplemental certificate, incorporated as a part of the certified record in this proceeding a copy of letter from Dr. Frank C. Smith, of Charlotte, transmitting to Mr. T. A. Wilson, North Carolina Industrial Commission, copy of an unsigned letter dated 25 October, 1937, from Dr. Smith to Dr. C. F. Glenn regarding plaintiff in which he states, in part, to Dr. Glenn: \u201cThis patient has a 100 per cent loss of industrial vision due to scarring of the right cornea. The scar is so dense that the visual loss will be permanent. . . .\u201d\nFrom judgment of Superior Court affirming the award of the Industrial Commission, defendant appeals to the Supreme Court and assigns error.\nHamriclc & Hamriclc for plaintiff, appellee.\nJ. 8. Doclcery and Charles Hutchins for defendant, appellant."
  },
  "file_name": "0200-01",
  "first_page_order": 268,
  "last_page_order": 272
}