{ "id": 8629541, "name": "PRATHER B. PITTMAN and Wife, QUINTALINE P. PITTMAN, v. MRS. AGNES PITTMAN STANLEY", "name_abbreviation": "Pittman v. Stanley", "decision_date": "1949-12-14", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "327", "last_page": "330", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "231 N.C. 327" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "53 S.E. 870", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "141 N.C. 200", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11252551 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/141/0200-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 S.E. 573", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "172 N.C. 579", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11254759 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/172/0579-01" ] }, { "cite": "7 S.E. 657", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "101 N.C. 162", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8650042 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/101/0162-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 S.E. 2d 889", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "225 N.C. 599", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8614569 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/225/0599-01" ] }, { "cite": "64 S.E. 213", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "150 N.C. 457", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11271639 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/150/0457-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 S.E. 2d 231", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "225 N.C. 375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8608381 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/225/0375-01" ] }, { "cite": "106 S.E. 501", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "181 N.C. 158", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8655500 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/181/0158-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 S.E. 715", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "177 N.C. 243", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8654165 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/177/0243-01" ] }, { "cite": "43 S.E. 550", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "132 N.C. 115", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8657775 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/132/0115-01" ] }, { "cite": "135 S.E. 121", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "192 N.C. 398", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8622610 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/192/0398-01" ] }, { "cite": "114 S.E. 399", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "184 N.C. 393", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11270628 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/184/0393-01" ] }, { "cite": "154 S.E. 825", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "199 N.C. 522", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8607437 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/199/0522-01" ] }, { "cite": "157 S.E. 793", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "200 N.C. 497", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8623702 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/200/0497-01" ] }, { "cite": "10 S.E. 2d 659", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 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"/nc/219/0121-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 460, "char_count": 7355, "ocr_confidence": 0.494, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.1761185299470269e-07, "percentile": 0.5875539461953188 }, "sha256": "94adcf51fef9f71763373f51ed0b81c527190b897b21f9aab40333668e547878", "simhash": "1:4f300b606570a5ef", "word_count": 1308 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T22:38:15.383158+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "PRATHER B. PITTMAN and Wife, QUINTALINE P. PITTMAN, v. MRS. AGNES PITTMAN STANLEY." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Devin, J.\nThe determination of the question here presented depends upon the interpretation to be put upon the language in the deed \u201cto Agnes L. Pittman and to her heirs by A. B. Pittman.\u201d At common law the estate thus conveyed was denominated a fee tail special (2 Blk. 113), but by our statute, G.S. 41-1, it is prescribed that \u201cevery person seized of an estate in tail shall be deemed to be seized of the same in fee simple,\u201d thus enlarging the fee tail estate into a fee simple absolute. Whitley v. Arenson, 219 N.C. 121, 12 S.E. 2d 906. We think the language of the deed of A. B. Pittman, under the decisions of this Court interpreting the statute, must be construed to convey a fee simple to the first taker.\nEvery part of a deed should be considered in order to determine the intent of the grantor, but this must be ascertained from the language he has used, giving to the words and phrases used their settled legal import. Heyer v. Bulluck, 210 N.C. 321, 186 S.E. 356; Williamson v. Cox, 218 N.C. 177, 10 S.E. 2d 662; Smith v. Mears, 218 N.C. 193, 10 S.E. 2d 659; Morehead v. Montague, 200 N.C. 497, 157 S.E. 793. The grantor\u2019s intent must be understood as that expressed in the language of the deed and not necessarily such as may have existed in his mind if inconsistent with the legal import of the words he has used. Paul v. Paul, 199 N.C. 522, 154 S.E. 825; McIver v. McKinney, 184 N.C. 393, 114 S.E. 399.\nWhile it has been frequently said that the application of technical rules will not be permitted to defeat an intention which substantially appears from the entire instrument, accepted canons of construction which have become settled rules of law and of property cannot be disregarded. Boyd v. Campbell, 192 N.C. 398, 135 S.E. 121; Williamson v. Cox, supra. In May v. Lewis, 132 N.C. 115, 43 S.E. 550, speaking of the interpretation of a will, this Court said, \u201cIt is our duty as far as possible to give words used by a testator their legal significance unless it is apparent from the will itself that they were used in some other sense.\u201d In Nobles v. Nobles, 177 N.C. 243, 98 S.E. 715, Justice Hoke, speaking of the rule in Shelley\u2019s case and the technical words sufficient to invoke that rule, said, \u201cThe principle prevails as a rule of property both in deeds and wills and regardless of any particular intent to the contrary otherwise appearing in the instrument.\u201d Wallace v. Wallace, 181 N.C. 158, 106 S.E. 501. The terms employed by the grantor to designate the quality and extent of the estate conveyed are to be given their well-known legal or technical meaning unless from the deed itself a different interpretation is manifest. Ferguson v. Ferguson, 225 N.C. 375, 35 S.E. 2d 231. \u201cWhen language is used Laving a clearly defined legal significance, there is no room for construction to ascertain the intent; it must be given its legal meaning and effect.\u201d Campbell v. Cronley, 150 N.C. 457, 64 S.E. 213; Jackson v. Powell, 225 N.C. 599 (600), 35 S.E. 2d 889; McIver v. McKinney, supra. When a grantor uses words and phrases which have a well-known legal or technical meaning he must be deemed to have used them in such sense; otherwise technical words have no certain meaning or effect. Leathers v. Gray, 101 N.C. 162, 7 S.E. 657.\nThe question here presented seems to have been decided by this Court in Whitley v. Arenson, 219 N.C. 121, 12 S.E. 2d 906, where a deed \u201cto M. E. J. Kelly and her heirs by T. D. Kelly\u201d with granting and habendum clauses as here designating grantee as \u201cparties of the second part and their heirs,\u201d was held to convey a fee simple to the first taker, on the ground that the fee tail special was converted by the statute into a fee simple absolute. This ruling was in accord with other decisions of this Court, interpreting similar language in deeds, which were cited in the opinion written for the Court by Chief Justice Stacy. Revis v. Murphy, 172 N.C. 579, 90 S.E. 573 (\u201cAvvie Revis, her heirs by the body of F. H. Revis\u201d); Jones v. Ragsdale, 141 N.C. 200, 53 S.E. 870 (\u201cZilphia S. Jones and her heirs by her present husband\u201d); Paul v. Paul, 199 N.C. 522, 154 S.E. 825 (\u201cto Mattie Paul and the heirs of her body by Smith Paul begotten\u201d).\nIt is regarded as a matter of importance that established rules of law affecting the devolution and title to real property should be uniformly observed, so that those interested may understand their rights and those called upon to advise as to these matters may be able to do so with some degree of assurance. The stability of the law is essential to the security of titles. \u201cPor if the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself to the battle.\u201d 1 Cor. 14:8.\nIn Whitley v. Arenson, supra, it was said: \u201cWhen a grantor or testator uses technical words or phrases to express his intent in conveying or disposing of property, he will be deemed to have used such words or phrases in their well-known legal or technical sense, unless he shall, in some appropriate way, indicate a different meaning to be ascribed to them (citing authorities). So, also, if the use of such words or phrases bring his intention within a settled rule of law, like the rule in Shelley\u2019s case, the latter will prevail; otherwise, technical words would have no certain meaning, and the rule of law would itself become uncertain.\u201d\nThe appellants urge that the circumstances of this ease and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom take this case out of the rule, but in tbe light of tbe former decisions of tbis Court we are unable to adopt tbat view.\nJudgment affirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Devin, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "David M. Britt and McLean & Stacy for plaintiffs.", "Johnson & Johnson for defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "PRATHER B. PITTMAN and Wife, QUINTALINE P. PITTMAN, v. MRS. AGNES PITTMAN STANLEY.\n(Filed 14 December, 1949.)\n1. Deeds \u00a7 13b\u2014\nA deed to grantor\u2019s wife \u201cand to her heirs\u201d by grantor, conveys a fee tail special, converted by our statute into a fee simple absolute. G.S. 41-1.\n2. Deeds \u00a7 11\u2014\nWhile every part of a deed should be considered in order to determine the intent of the grantor, where he uses technical words having a clearly defined legal significance under an accepted canon of construction which has become a settled rule of law and of property, there is no room for construction to ascertain the intent and the words must be given their legal meaning and effect.\nAppeal by plaintiffs from B-urney, J., at May Term, 1949, of RobesoN.\nAffirmed.\nTbe plaintiffs filed petition for partition of land, alleging tenancy in-common with tbe defendant. Tbe defendant pleaded sole seizin. Both parties claimed under deed from A. B. Pittman, tbe father of plaintiff Prather B. Pittman, to Agnes L. Pittman, tbe defendant, then tbe wife of tbe grantor, dated 2 January, 1909, conveying tbe land \u201cto Agnes L. Pittman and to her heirs by A. B. Pittman.\u201d It was admitted that plaintiff was born subsequent to tbe execution of tbe deed, in May, 1909, and that A. B. Pittman died in August, 1909. Tbe defendant thereafter married Stanley and bore him five other children. Stanley is now dead.\nPlaintiffs claim that by tbe deed referred to tbe land was conveyed to tbe defendant and to tbe plaintiff Prather B. Pittman (tbe only child of Agnes and A. B. Pittman) as tenants in common. The defendant claimed the deed in law conveyed fee simple title to the defendant. The court below so held, and the plaintiffs appealed.\nDavid M. Britt and McLean & Stacy for plaintiffs.\nJohnson & Johnson for defendant." }, "file_name": "0327-01", "first_page_order": 377, "last_page_order": 380 }