{ "id": 8596253, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA and the CITY OF GREENSBORO v. EARL BLACK", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Black", "decision_date": "1950-05-24", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "154", "last_page": "158", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "232 N.C. 154" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "14 N.C. 279", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8691724 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/14/0279-01" ] }, { "cite": "14 N.C. 53", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8684239 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/14/0053-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 N.C. 148", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11276372 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/13/0148-01" ] }, { "cite": "63 N.C. 205", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11276810 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/63/0205-01" ] }, { "cite": "53 N.C. 311", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 1961146 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/53/0311-01" ] }, { "cite": "47 S.E. 2d 848", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "229 N.C. 86", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 12164752 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/229/0086-01" ] }, { "cite": "169 S.E. 828", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "205 N.C. 30", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626520 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/205/0030-01" ] }, { "cite": "171 S.E., 788", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "205 N.C. 488", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8629714 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/205/0488-01" ] }, { "cite": "53 S.E. 2d 658", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "230 N.C. 481", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8630622 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/230/0481-01" ] }, { "cite": "45 S.E. 2d 577", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "228 N.C. 375", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626515 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/228/0375-01" ] }, { "cite": "14 S.E. 2d 249", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "219 N.C. 411", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8624410 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/219/0411-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 S.E. 420", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "212 N.C. 334", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8608823 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/212/0334-01" ] }, { "cite": "58 S.E. 2d 351", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "231 N.C. 577", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8631162 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/231/0577-01" ] }, { "cite": "56 S.E. 2d 15", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "231 N.C. 76", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628330 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/231/0076-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 512, "char_count": 11886, "ocr_confidence": 0.504, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.6713325493707807e-07, "percentile": 0.6960062150341584 }, "sha256": "36aae94c5f9260a81af091b5859bd51bb452f095271e7df52420669ff089b377", "simhash": "1:98a9e59a86a62483", "word_count": 2076 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:42:59.145817+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA and the CITY OF GREENSBORO v. EARL BLACK." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "'WiNBORNE, J.\nThe only assignment of error presented on this appeal is that the court erred in signing the judgment set out in the record. Such assignment of error raises only the questions as to (1) whether the facts found by the judge of the Greensboro Municipal-County Court, and reiterated by the judge of Superior Court on appeal, support the judgment, and (2) whether error in matters of law appear upon the face of the record. Culbreth v. Britt Corp., 231 N.C. 76, 56 S.E. 2d 15, and cases there cited.\nIn this connection, the appellant here challenges, and we think properly so, the validity of the judgment holding him for contempt, on the ground, among others, that the subpoena, not being under the seal of the Greensboro Municipal-County Court, was not a process lawfully issued by that court for service in New Hanover County, \u2014 outside of Guilford County in which the City of Greensboro is situated.\nMoreover, there being no specific exception to any finding of fact made by the trial court, the facts so found are binding on appeal. Burnsville v. Boone, 231 N.C. 577, 58 S.E. 2d 351.\nNevertheless, the subpoena, which is characterized in the judgment below as \u201cprocess lawfully issued\u201d is made a part of the record, and the \u25a0question as to its validity is one of law appearing upon the face of the record.\nIn this State any person guilty of \u201cwillful disobedience of any process \u2022or order lawfully issued by any court,\u201d may be punished for contempt. G.S. 5-1 (4). Nobles v. Roberson, 212 N.C. 334, 193 S.E. 420; Elder v. Barnes, 219 N.C. 411, 14 S.E. 2d 249; Mfg. Co. v. Arnold, 228 N.C. 375, 45 S.E. 2d 577; Patterson v. Patterson, 230 N.C. 481, 53 S.E. 2d 658.\nBut a process or order not \u201clawfully issued\u201d may not be the basis on which to found a proceeding for contempt. In re Foreclosure, 205 N.C. 488, 171 S.E., 788; Patterson v. Patterson, supra.\nHere, therefore, the question is whether the subpoena under consideration was a process lawfully issued by the court.\nIn this connection, it is appropriate to advert to provisions of the .statutes pertaining to the. jurisdiction and powers of the Greensboro Municipal-County Court. This court (now designated the Greensboro Municipal-County Court, P.L. 1939, Chapter 300), is the creature of the General Assembly of North Carolina, Public Laws 1909, Chapter 651. (See Miles Co. v. Powell, 205 N.C. 30, 169 S.E. 828, and Electric Co. v. Motor Lines, 229 N.C. 86, 47 S.E. 2d 848). It has only such jurisdiction and powers as are given to it by the General Assembly. It was originally .given jurisdiction of misdemeanors committed within the corporate limits of the City of Greensboro. And in Section 14 of this act, P.L. 1909, Chapter 651, the General Assembly declared that said court shall have a seal \u201cwhich shall be used in attestation of writs, warrants or other proceedings, acts, judgments or decrees of said court in the same manner and to the same effect as the seal of other courts in the State of North Carolina.\u201d And in Section 15 of this act, it is further declared that \u201cThe judge of said court may issue his process to the chief of police or to the \u25a0city police of the city of Greensboro, or to the sheriff, constable or other lawful officers of the county of Guilford or of any other county in the State of North Carolina, and such process, when attested by the seal of said court, shall run anywhere in the State of North Carolina and shall be executed by all officers and returns made according to law: Provided, no seal shall be required upon any process.issued by or from said court to any officer of the city of Greensboro or the county of Guilford.\u201d\nThus from the provisions of Section 15, it is clear that the General Assembly has given the court the power to issue its process, to run beyond the limits of Guilford County, only \u201cwhen attested by the seal of said court.\u201d And it is held by this Court that the powers of a court of limited jurisdiction cannot be enlarged by implication. Thompson v. Cox, 53 N.C. 311; Evans v. Singletary, 63 N.C. 205. Nor may the recognition of the subpoena, and the service of it by an officer of the City of Wilmington in New Hanover County, give character to it which it did not possess at the time of its issuing. Shepherd v. Lane, 13 N.C. 148; Gardner v. Lane, 14 N.C. 53; Seawell v. Bank, 14 N.C. 279.\nHence, the issuance of the subpoena in question, for service in New Hanover County, not being attested by the seal of the court, exceeded the power given to the court by the General Assembly. The subpoena so issued lacked the force of a lawful process, and service of it by an officer in New Hanover County was a nullity.\nMoreover, the finding of fact that defendant stated that the subpoena had been duly served upon him is not sufficient to constitute a waiver of the fatal deficiency of the subpoena. Nor does the voluntary surrender of defendant, after the court had ordered him to be arrested, and the execution of a bond for his appearance at a future date, vitalize the subpoena as a lawful process, applicable to his previous contemptuous-conduct.\nAnd while the facts found by the court below show defendant in contemptuous attitude in respect of his appearance as a witness in the court, he may not be held in contempt therefor except in the manner provided by law.\nIn view of the decision here, it is not necessary to consider and treat other contentions of defendant.\nFor reasons stated hereinabove, the judgment from which appeal is taken is\nReversed.", "type": "majority", "author": "'WiNBORNE, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney-General McMullan, Assistant Attorney-General Bruton, John R. Jordan, Jr., and Walter F. Brinkley, Members of Staff, for the State.", "Stoner \u25a0& Wilson and Hubert E. Olive for defendant, appellant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA and the CITY OF GREENSBORO v. EARL BLACK.\n(Filed 24 May, 1950.)\n1. Appeal and Error \u00a7 6c (2) \u2014\nA sole assignment of error to the signing of the judgment presents only whether the facts found support the judgment and whether error of law appears on the face of the record.\n2. Appeal and Error \u00a7 6c (3) \u2014\nThe want of exception to the findings of fact renders them conclusive, but the court\u2019s characterization of a subpoena, made a part of the record, as \u201cprocess lawfully issued\u201d is a question of law presented by exception to the signing of the judgment.\n3. Courts \u00a7 11\u2014\nA municipal-county court is a creature of the General Assembly, and has only such jurisdiction and powers as are given it by statute, which cannot be enlarged by implication, and the Greensboro Municipal-County Court has power to issue process outside the county only when attested by the seal of said court, and such process without seal, served outside the county, is a nullity. Public Laws 1909, Ch. 651, Public Laws 1939, Ch. 300.\n4. Process \u00a7 14\u2014\nWhere a subpoena issued by a municipal-county court and running outside the county is a nullity because not attested by the seal of the court, neither service of the process nor voluntary appearance thereunder, can waive the defect or vitalize the process.\n5. Contempt of Court \u00a7 2b\u2014\nWillful disobedience of process cannot be made the basis for contempt proceedings when the process is a nullity because beyond the powers of the issuing court. G.S. 5-1 (4).\nAppeal by defendant from Crisp, Special Judge, at 31 October, 1949, Three \"Weeks Term of GuileoRD \u2014 Greensboro Division.\nContempt proceeding under Chapter 5 of the General Statutes of North Carolina, \u2014 arising out of the failure of appellant Earl Black to appear on 13 July, 1949, as a witness for the State in the case of State of North Carolina, et al., v. Francis Duval Smith alias George Smith, et al., then pending in the Municipal-County Court of the City of Greensboro \u2014 heard in Superior Court of Guilford County, Greensboro Division, on appeal thereto by Earl Black from judgment of said Municipal-County Court of the City of Greensboro, adjudging him, the said Earl Black, in contempt of court under the provisions of G.S. 5-1 (4) for willful disobedience of lawful process, to wit, a subpoena.\nThe \u201csubpoena\u201d is shown in the record, and it is attached to and made a part of the record in the case. It purports to be addressed \u201cTo the Sheriff, Chief of Police of an Incorporated Town or Other Lawful Officer of New Hanover County,\u201d reading in pertinent part as follows: \u201cYou are commanded to subpoena as witness for the State in the case of State vs. George Smith . . . Mr. and Mrs. Earl Black, Wilmington, N. C. . . . to be and appear before His Honor the Judge of the Municipal-County Court of the city of Greensboro, on the 13th day of July, 1949, at 9 :30 A. M., and not depart the court without leave.\u201d It purports to be dated 8 July, 1949, and to be signed \u201cP. T. Melton, City of Greensboro Police Officer.\u201d And it purports to have been \u201cServed on This the 9th day of July, 1949.\u201d The return purports to be signed \u201cM. M. Jefford. Bureau \u2014 Wilmington, N. C.\u201d But it is not under the Seal of the Municipal-County Court of the City of Greensboro.\nThe findings of fact made by the presiding judge of the Municipal-County Court of the City of Greensboro upon which the adjudication of contempt against Earl Black is based, are predicated upon this \u201csubpoena,\u201d and are incorporated in the judgment entered under date 30 September, 1949.\nThese are pertinent portions of the findings of fact:\n\u201cThat defendant was duly served with a subpoena on the 9th day of July, 1949, by M. M. Jefford, police officer of the city of Wilmington, to appear as a witness for the State in the Municipal-County Court of Greensboro on the 13th day of July, 1949, at 10 :00 A. M., in the case of State of North Carolina and the City of Greensboro against Francis Duval Smith, alias George Smith, et al., said subpoena being attached to and made a part of the record in this case\u201d; \u201cthat the defendant willfully failed and refused to answer to and comply with the process lawfully issued by this court by failing to appear on the date of the trial of the aforesaid entitled action\u201d; \u201cthat the defendant in a telephone conversation with the prosecuting attorney of this court . . . stated . . . that the subpoena had been duly served on him . . .\u201d; \u201cthat the ease of State . . . against Francis Duval Smith . . . was called for trial at 10:00 A. M. on the 13th day of July, 1949\u201d; that defendant Earl Black was called out, and \u201cthe presiding judge . . . ordered the defendant to show cause why he should not be cited for contempt of court,\u201d and \u201can order for defendant\u2019s arrest was then and there issued by the court\u201d; that \u201con the 1st day of September, 1949, the defendant voluntarily surrendered himself to a police officer of the city of Greensboro; whereupon the defendant executed a $5000 bond for his appearance in court on the 20th day of September, 1949; that the ease of the State . . . against Francis Duval Smith . . . was continued in open court from time to time until called on the 23rd day of September, 1949, at which time . . . Francis Duval Smith . . . entered plea and the facts were stated to the court by the solicitor, without the offering of any witnesses, Now, therefore, the court finds as a fact that the defendant willfully disobeyed the process lawfully ordered by this court by willfully failing and refusing to appear as a witness to a subpoena lawfully issued by this court and that said willful disobedience of the lawful order of this court constitutes the offense of contempt of court as provided under subsection 4, Section 1, Chapter Y of the General Statutes of North Carolina, from which the defendant has the right to appeal.\u201d\nAnd on the appeal the findings of fact made by the judge of Superior Court, substantially the same as those made by the judge of the Municipal-County Court of the City of Greensboro, upon which like adjudication of contempt is based, are also predicated upon the said subpoena.\nDefendant appeals to the Supreme Court, assigning error.\nAttorney-General McMullan, Assistant Attorney-General Bruton, John R. Jordan, Jr., and Walter F. Brinkley, Members of Staff, for the State.\nStoner \u25a0& Wilson and Hubert E. Olive for defendant, appellant." }, "file_name": "0154-01", "first_page_order": 202, "last_page_order": 206 }