{ "id": 8574035, "name": "STATE v. WILBERT GAINES and EDWIN FRENCH ANDREWS", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Gaines", "decision_date": "1963-09-25", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "228", "last_page": "232", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "260 N.C. 228" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "119 S.E. 2d 461", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "254 N.C. 475", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626914 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "479" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/254/0475-01" ] }, { "cite": "121 S.E. 2d 589", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "255 N.C. 412", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569896 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "415" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/255/0412-01" ] }, { "cite": "103 S.E. 2d 694", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "248 N.C. 342", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8623030 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "350" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/248/0342-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 S.E. 2d 346", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "238 N.C. 94", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8599788 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "97" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/238/0094-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 574, "char_count": 11139, "ocr_confidence": 0.509, "pagerank": { "raw": 7.000749081912571e-07, "percentile": 0.9657877737273486 }, "sha256": "e6efe21e04b31338caad323559fefda25e8e7399ec8bc60e94b21740f159c941", "simhash": "1:2f67d832438a2462", "word_count": 1940 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:49:29.885963+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "STATE v. WILBERT GAINES and EDWIN FRENCH ANDREWS." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Bobbitt, J.\nThere was evidence tending to show the facts narrated below.\nOn December 31, 1962, about 2:00 p.m., Billy Hill, Gaines and Andrews entered Dellinger\u2019s Jewelry Store, located on East Main Street, Cherryville, N. C. Mrs. Dellinger was waiting on a customer and Mr. Davis, \u201cthe watchmaker,\u201d was waiting on another customer. Mrs. Dellinger was nearer the front of the \u201cfairly long\u201d store.\nMrs. Dellinger saw Billy Hill reach over \u201cthe first counter after you come inside the front door,\u201d open a sliding door and remove a tray or box of diamonds. Billy Hill, who was wearing a long coat, then \u201cturned around\u201d and \u201cwas facing the other boys.\u201d Mrs. Dellinger left her customer, walked toward the three boys and said: \u201cNow, you boys have got a tray of diamond rings, and the best thing you can do is give them back to me.\u201d Billy Hill opened up his coat and said: \u201cI don\u2019t have any rings.\u201d Mrs. Dellinger turned and said to Davis: \u201cCall Yates McGinnis.\u201d (Yates McGinnis was the Chief of Police of Cherryville.) Thereupon, they (\u201cthe three colored boys\u201d) \u201cran out the door just as fast as they could across the street.\u201d Although pursued by Mrs. Dellinger, Davis and an unidentified man, they reached and got in a Chevrolet car, parked on a nearby side street, which \u201cpulled off\u201d and drove away.\nDavis got the license number, B 2133. He gave the information to McGinnis who \u201calerted\u201d by radio \u201call nearby departments\u201d to be on the lookout for a black 1960 Chevrolet Impala with license number B 2133.\nThe described car was observed and stopped by a member of the Gaston County Rural Police Department about 2:35 p.m. Billy Hill was driving the car. The other occupants were Arthur James Hill, Gaines and Andrews. There was no evidence as to where the occupants other than Billy Hill were seated in the car. This officer (and another who arrived shortly after the described car was stopped) found \u201ca blue box of rings in the car on top of the glove compartment, up under the dash.\u201d The box \u201cwas closed.\u201d (This \u201cbox of rings\u201d was identified by Mrs. Dellinger as the \u201ctray of rings\u201d Billy Hill had removed from the counter.) These officers also found on the front seat \"one white ring box and some money with a money clip on it.\u201d In searching the (four) occupants of the car, the officers \u201cdidn\u2019t find any other jewelry or anything\u201d and \u201cfound no weapons except two (2) ordinary pocketknives.\u201d They arrested all four occupants of the car, took them to the Rural Police office in Gastonia and thereafter Ed Groves, Captain of Detectives of the Gaston County Rural Police, after questioning the four boys, took them to Cherryville and turned them over to Chief McGinnis.\nWith further reference to what occurred in the store, Mrs. Dellinger testified she did not see Gaines or Andrews \u201cdo anything to encourage or entice or assist Billy Hill in taking the diamonds\u201d and that she \u201cdid not see a weapon of any kind.\u201d While she concluded Billy Hill must have passed the box to Gaines or Andrews, she testified as follows: \u201cI actually didn\u2019t see the box passed, because I couldn\u2019t see for the coat and I don\u2019t know whether the box was passed.\u201d\nWith further reference to what occurred when the four occupants of the car were stopped and arrested and thereafter: Each of the arresting officers testified Billy Hill stated the money on the front seat in the clip was his (Billy Hill\u2019s) money. Later, the four boys were questioned by Captain Groves. Captain Groves testified in part on direct examination as follows: \u201cArthur Hill said he didn\u2019t havo anything to do with it. I first talked to Billy Hill, and he stated that he had got the diamond rings in Cherryville; the other three (3) had nothing to do with it; they stated that the two (2) of them that went in the store with Billy Hill, they had gone in \u2014 that he had gone in to buy a ring for his girl friend, and they didn\u2019t know that he was going to steal anything. No, sir, they stuck to their story. They never said anything to the contrary.\u201d On cross-examination, Captain Groves testified Billy Hill stated that the car he was driving belonged to his father; that he (Billy Hill) went into the store to buy a ring for his girl friend; that \u201c(t)he other two (2) boys had nothing to do with it\u201d; and that \u201c(t)hey (Gaines and Andrews) had no idea what he (Billy Hill) intended to do.\u201d\nThere was evidence Gaines and Andrews walked into the store with Billy Hill; that they were in the store when Billy Hill stole the box of diamonds; that they, along with Billy Hill, ran from the store when Davis was directed to call the Chief of Police; and that they left Cherryville in a Chevrolet car operated by Billy Hill and owned by Billy Hill\u2019s father.\nThere is no evidence Gaines or Andrews at any time had possession of any part of the diamonds or that they, by word or deed, aided and abetted Billy Hill in the theft of the box of diamonds. In short, the evidence tends to show that Gaines and Andrews were present when Billy Hill stole the box of diamonds and that they accompanied him in his flight from the scene of the crime.\nThe State offered in evidence the statements made by Billy Hill, Gaines and Andrews to the effect that Gaines and Andrews had nothing to do with the theft and had no knowledge that Billy Hill entered the store with intent to steal.\nWhile the flight of an accused person may be admitted as a circumstance tending to show guilt, \u201c(i)t does not create a presumption of guilt, nor is it sufficient standing alone, but it may be considered in connection with other facts in determining whether the combined circumstances amount to an admission.\u201d Stansbury, North Carolina Evidence, Second Edition, \u00a7 178; Strong, N. C. Index, Volume 1, Criminal Law \u00a7 46.\nDecision turns on the application of these legal principles:\n1. \u201cAll who are present at the place of a crime and are either aiding, abetting, assisting, or advising in its commission, or are present for such purpose to the knowledge of the actual perpetrator, are principals and equally guilty. (Citations) An aider and abetter is one who advises, counsels, procures, or encourages another to commit a crime. (Citations) To render one who does not actually participate in the commission of a crime guilty of the offense committed, there must be some evidence tending to show that he, by word or deed, gave active encouragement to the perpetrator of the crime or by his conduct made it known to such perpetrator that he was standing by to lend assistance when and if it should become necessary. (Citation)\u201d S. v. Ham, 238 N.C. 94, 97, 76 S.E. 2d 346; S. v. Horner, 248 N.C. 342, 350, 103 S.E. 2d 694; S. v. Hargett, 255 N.C. 412, 415, 121 S.E. 2d 589.\n2. \u201cWhen the State introduces in evidence exculpatory statements of the defendant which are not contradicted or shown to be false by any other facts or circumstances in evidence, the State is bound by these statements.\u201d S. v. Carter, 254 N.C. 475, 479, 119 S.E. 2d 461, and cases cited. Here, the statements of Billy Hill, Gaines and Andrews, offered in evidence by the State, tend to exculpate Gaines and Andrews.\nWhile the circumstances may raise a suspicion or conjecture of the guilt of Gaines and Andrews, this is insufficient to withstand their motions for judgments as of nonsuit. Strong, N. C. Index, Volume 1, Criminal Law \u00a7 101. In our view, when considered in the light of the legal principles set forth above, the evidence was insufficient to support a verdict of guilty as to Gaines or Andrews and their motions for judgment as of nonsuit should have been allowed. Hence, the judgments of the court below are reversed and Gaines and Andrews are entitled to be discharged. It is so ordered.\nReversed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Bobbitt, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Bruton and Deputy Attorney General McGalliard for the State.", "Mullen, Holland & Cooke and Amon Butler for defendant appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE v. WILBERT GAINES and EDWIN FRENCH ANDREWS.\n(Filed 25 September 1963.)\n1. Criminal Law \u00a7\u00a7 46, 101\u2014\nWhile flight of an accused person is a circumstance to be considered with .other facts and circumstances upon the question of an implied .admission of guilt, it is insufficient, standing alone, to. warrant the submission of the issue of guilt to the jury.\nS. Criminal Law \u00a7 9\u2014\nWhile all who are present at the place of a crime and are aiding, abetting, assisting, or advising in its commission, or Who aire present for such purpose to the knowledge of the actual perpetrator of the crime, are principals and. equally g'uilty, mere presence of .a by-slander without encouragement to the perpetrator by word or deed or conveying to the perpetrator in any manner the belief that he was standing by to lend assistance if necessary, is insufficient .to constitute the by-stander an aider or abettor.\n3. Criminal Law \u00a7 85\u2014\nWhen the Sitate introduces evidence of statements tending to1 exculpate .defendant and such statements are not contradicted or shown, to he false by any fact or circumstance in evidence, the State is hound by the statements.\n4. Criminal Law \u00a7 101\u2014\nCircumstantial evidence which liaises a mere suspicion or conjecture of guild is insufficient to- withstand nonsuit.\n5. Larceny \u00a7 7\u2014 Evidence held insufficient to be submitted to the jury on question of defendants\u2019 guilt as aiders or abettors.\nThe State\u2019s evidence tended to' show that defendants entered a store with the perpetrator of the offense, stood by when the jJerpetratior reached over the counter and removed a dray of diamond rings, that .all three fled when the .clerk, after accosting them and telling them they had better put the rings back, told .another clerk to call the police, and that a little more than half an hour later they were apprehended in a car driven by the perpetrator. The State also introduced testimony of declarations of the perpetrator and defendants to* the effect that neither defendant knew of 'the perpetrator\u2019s intent. There was no evidence that either defendant said .anything that would give encouragement to the perpetrator, or had ever had the rings in his possession. Held: The evidence was insufficient \u25a0to he submitted to the jury on the issue of defendants\u2019 guilt as aiders and abettors.\nAppeal by Wilbert Gaines and Edwin French Andrews from McLean, J., January Session 1963 of GastoN.\nCriminal prosecution on bill of indictment charging Billy Hill, Wilbert Gaines, Edwin French Andrews and Arthur James Hill with larceny on December 31, 1962, of \u201c20 diamond rings of the value of over $200 dollars, of the goods, chattels and moneys of one Ken Dellinger, T/A Dellinger\u2019s Jewelry Store.\u201d Billy Hill pleaded guilty. Arthur James Hill, Gaines and Andrews pleaded not guilty.\nThe only evidence was that offered by the State. At the conclusion thereof, each defendant on trial moved for judgment as of nonsuit. The motion of Arthur James Hill was allowed and as to him the action was dismissed. The court overruled the motions of Gaines and Andrews. As to each, Gaines and Andrews, the jury returned a verdict of guilty; and, as to each, judgment imposing a prison sentence was pronounced. Each excepted and appealed, assigning as error the overruling of his motion for judgment as of nonsuit.\nAttorney General Bruton and Deputy Attorney General McGalliard for the State.\nMullen, Holland & Cooke and Amon Butler for defendant appellants." }, "file_name": "0228-01", "first_page_order": 268, "last_page_order": 272 }