{
  "id": 8560003,
  "name": "PAUL R. ERVIN, Executor of the Estate of Cleora C. Doane, Deceased v. IVIE L. CLAYTON, Commissioner of Revenue of the State of North Carolina",
  "name_abbreviation": "Ervin v. Clayton",
  "decision_date": "1971-03-10",
  "docket_number": "No. 49",
  "first_page": "219",
  "last_page": "227",
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      "cite": "254 N.C. 636",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:07:15.509345+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
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  "casebody": {
    "judges": [
      "Justice Moore did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "PAUL R. ERVIN, Executor of the Estate of Cleora C. Doane, Deceased v. IVIE L. CLAYTON, Commissioner of Revenue of the State of North Carolina"
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "BOBBITT, Chief Justice.\nG.S. 105-212, in pertinent part, provides:\n\u201cIf any intangible personal property held or controlled by a fiduciary domiciled in this State is so held or controlled for the benefit of a nonresident or nonresidents, or for the benefit of any organization exempt under this section from the tax imposed by this article, such intangible personal property shall be partially or wholly exempt from taxation under the provisions of this article in the ratio which the net income distributed or distributable to such nonresident, nonresidents or organization, derived from such intangible personal property during the calendar year for which the taxes levied by this article are imposed, bears to the entire net income derived from such intangible personal property during such calendar year. \u2018Net income\u2019 shall be deemed to have the same meaning that it has in the income tax article. Where the intangible personal property for which this exemption is claimed is held or controlled with other property as a unit, allocation of appropriate deductions from gross income shall be made to that part of the entire gross income which is derived from the intangible personal property by direct method to the extent practicable; and otherwise by such other method as the Commissioner of Revenue shall find to be reasonable: Provided, that each fiduciary claiming the exemption provided in this paragraph shall, upon the request of the Commissioner of Revenue, establish in writing its claim to such exemption. No provision of law shall be construed as exempting trust funds or trust property from the taxes levied by this article except in the specific cases covered by this section.\u201d\nThe stocks here involved were owned by Cleora C. Doane on September 27, 1964, the date of her death. On December 81, 1964, and on December 31, 1965, her estate was being actively administered by her executor who, on those dates, held and controlled the stocks.\nNothing in the record indicates that Mrs. Mack exercised \u201cthe right and privilege of choosing which stocks and bonds\u201d were to pass to her under Item Two(B) of Mrs. Doane\u2019s will prior to the actual division of the stocks by the executor in September, 1966. Then, as shown by the receipts, the executor delivered to Mrs. Mack and to the First Union National Bank as trustee an equal number of shares of each block of stock.\nIn Allen v. Currie, Commissioner of Revenue, 254 N.C. 636, 119 S.E. 2d 917, this Court considered whether intangibles of the estate of Samuel G. Allen were exempt from the tax imposed by G.S. 105-203. The testator and his widow, who qualified as co-executor of his will, were residents of Moore County, North Carolina. As co-executor, she filed returns and paid taxes on the intangibles held and controlled by her on December 31, 1956, and on December 31, 1957. She instituted the action to recover three-fourths of the amount of the intangibles taxes so paid, asserting that three-fourths of the gross estate of Samuel G. Allen, under the terms of his will, vested in and was distributable to nonresidents, and that the income received by the executors subsequent to the death of Samuel G. Allen had been so distributed. She based her asserted right to these refunds on the exemption provided in the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212.\nIn Allen, no specific property, tangible or intangible, was bequeathed to any of the nonresident beneficiaries. Each was entitled to a specified portion of the residue of the testator\u2019s estate. It was held that the exemption provided in the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212 \u201cwas not intended to apply, and does not apply, to intangibles constituting general assets held and controlled by an executor of an estate during the process of administration.\u201d Hence, the asserted right of the co-executor to recover for alleged overpayments was denied.\nSeemingly, Judge Arbuckle considered the opinion in Allen indicated that a different result would have been reached if the nonresidents involved had been legatees of specific intangibles. It was not so intended. The decision was based on the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212 as related to the facts then under consideration. Dicta in the opinion adumbrated the present decision.\nUnder well established legal principles set forth in Allen, the personal property of the testatrix vested upon her death in her executor; and the fiduciary obligation of her executor was to pay her debts as provided by law and to administer her estate in compliance with the provisions of her will.\nThe personal representative is responsible for the intangible personal property owned by the decedent and for the payment of intangibles tax thereon during the temporary period the intangibles are held and controlled by him in the course of his active administration of the estate. Here, pursuant to G.S. 105-206, the executor filed the required returns and paid the tax thereon.\nG.S. 28-162 provides that an executor, administrator or collector, immediately after the expiration of two years from his qualification, shall divide, deliver and pay to the persons entitled thereto under the will all of the estate remaining after payment of legal debts, charges and disbursements. Here, the executor delivered the intangibles listed on the receipts to Mrs. Mack and to the First Union National Bank as trustee within two years from the date of his qualification. Nothing in the record indicates that any beneficiary demanded or was entitled to these intangibles prior to the delivery thereof by the executor.\nOur decision on this appeal is not based on factual similarities or differences in Allen and in the present case. We deem it appropriate to decide whether the exemption provided in the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212 is available to any personal representative of a resident decedent in respect of intangibles held and controlled by him as such personal representative during the period he is engaged in the active administration of the estate in accordance with law.\nThe exemption was incorporated in the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212 in 1947. Session Laws of 1947, Chapter 501, Section 7. It exempts intangible personal property held or controlled for the benefit of a nonresident or nonresidents by \u201ca fiduciary domiciled in this State.\u201d (Our italics.)\nIn our consideration thereof in Allen, it was stated: \u201cIn our view, the intent and purpose of the 1947 amendment was not to exempt any intangibles theretofore subject to the intangible personal property tax but to dispel any idea that intangibles otherwise exempt would be subject to the intangible personal property tax because a fiduciary domiciled in this State held and controlled such intangibles. Under its provisions, a resident or nonresident creator of a trust, consisting wholly or in part of intangibles, can name as fiduciary a person, bank or trust company domiciled in North Carolina with the assurance that the interests of nonresident beneficiaries of the trust will not suffer on account thereof. Moreover, we think the 1947 amendment was intended to apply to an established or continuing trust, not to intangibles constituting general assets of an estate in process of administration.\u201d\nThe fiduciary obligation of the personal representative of a decedent is distinguishable from that of the trustee (by whatever name called) of an established or continuing trust. An executor, as the resident decedent\u2019s personal representative, is obligated to administer the estate in accordance with law and the provisions of the will. As such personal representative, he must ascertain and pay the funeral expenses and debts, including inheritance and estate taxes as well as taxes on income received by the decedent prior to death and on income received by him as personal representative. Until this has been done, the status of intangibles constituting assets of the estate remains unsettled. What intangibles, if any, a particular beneficiary is entitled to receive cannot be determined with exactitude until the estate is ready for final settlement. As noted in Allen: \u201cOrdinarily, distribution of assets or of income prior to final settlement is made by an executor at his own risk. Mallard v. Patterson, 108 N.C. 255, 13 S.E. 93.\u201d\nWe are of opinion and now hold that the exemption from intangibles tax provided in the quoted portion of G.S. 105-212 does not apply to intangibles held and controlled by the personal representative of a resident decedent during the period such personal representative is engaged in the active administration of the estate in accordance with law. This decision renders unnecessary a determination as to whether the \u201c(o)ne-half of all stocks and bonds\u201d owned by the testatrix at the time of her death, referred to in Item Two (B), are considered general assets of the estate or the subject of a specific bequest.\nOn account of the death of Paul R. Ervin during the pend-ency of these appeals, Benj. S. Horack, the duly qualified administrator c.t.a., d.b.n. of the estate of Cleora C. Doane, has been substituted and is now acting as party plaintiff herein.\nHaving reached the conclusion plaintiff is not entitled to any refund, the portion of the judgment which denies recovery for one-half of the amounts paid, involved in plaintiff\u2019s appeal, is affirmed, but the portion which allows recovery for one-half of the amounts paid, involved in defendant\u2019s appeal, is reversed. Hence, the District Court will enter a judgment in conformity with this decision and therein tax the plaintiff with all costs.\nOn plaintiff\u2019s appeal, affirmed.\nOn defendant\u2019s appeal, reversed.\nJustice Moore did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "BOBBITT, Chief Justice."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Ervin, Horack & McCartha, by James M. Talley, Jr., for plaintiff appellant-appellee.",
      "Attorney General Morgan and Assistant Attorney General Banks for defendant appellant-appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "PAUL R. ERVIN, Executor of the Estate of Cleora C. Doane, Deceased v. IVIE L. CLAYTON, Commissioner of Revenue of the State of North Carolina\nNo. 49\n(Filed 10 March 1971)\n1. Executors and Administrators \u00a7 30; Taxation \u00a7 32\u2014 personal representative \u2014 intangibles tax\nThe personal representative is responsible for the intangible personal property owned by the decedent and for the payment of intangibles tax thereon during the temporary period the intangibles are held and controlled by him in the course of his active administration of the estate.\n2. Executors and Administrators \u00a7 30; Taxation \u00a7 32\u2014 intangibles tax \u2014 personal representative of resident decedent \u2014 property held for nonresident\nPortion of G.S. 105-212 which exempts from intangibles tax property held or controlled by a fiduciary domiciled in this State for the benefit of a nonresident does not apply to intangibles held or controlled by the personal representative of a resident decedent during the period such personal representative is engaged in the active administration of the estate in accordance with law.\nJustice Moore did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.\nCROSS appeals by plaintiff and by defendant from the judgment entered by Arbuckle, /., at February 2, 1970 Civil Session of Mecklenburg County District Court, transferred under G.S. 7A-31(a) for initial appellate review by the Supreme Court, docketed and argued as No. 72 at Fall Term 1970.\nCivil action under G.S. 105-266.1 (c) to recover the amount of intangible personal property taxes for the years 1964 and 1965 paid by the executor of Cleora C. Doane on corporate stocks held by him as executor on December 31, 1964, and on December 31, 1965.\nCleora C. Doane, a resident of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, died testate on September 27, 1964. Her will was duly probated in Mecklenburg County. She appointed Paul R. Ervin, a resident of Mecklenburg County, as her executor. Mr. Ervin qualified as executor on September 28, 1964.\nThe hearing before Judge Arbuckle was on stipulated facts.\nThe provisions of Mrs. Doane\u2019s will, summarized or quoted, are set forth below.\nItem One provides for the payment of debts, funeral expenses and taxes.\nItem Two, quoted in full, is as follows:\n\u201cItem Two: If, and only if, my daughter, Anne Doane Mack, survives me I will and bequeath to her the following:\n\u201cA. All of my household goods (not otherwise hereinafter disposed of) and personal effects, and any automobiles which I may own at the time of my death.\n\u201cB. One-half of all stocks and bonds, of whatever type and description and wherever located, that I may own at the time of my death. My said daughter shall have the right and privilege of choosing which stocks and bonds shall pass to her under the provisions of this Item; provided, however, that the value of the stocks and bonds included in my estate shall, for the purpose of this Item, be determined by their fair market value at the date of my death, and the quotation of any reputable securities brokerage firm shall be conclusive as to valuation.\n\u201cC. The residum (sic) of all money in banks not used in the administration of my estate, the payment of taxes thereupon or not otherwise disposed of herein.\u201d\nItem Three provides for a bequest of $1,000.00 to Elizabeth Blair Memorial Scholarship Fund at Queens' College.\nItems Four and Five provide for bequests of sums of money and of articles of property to various persons if, and only if, her daughter, Anne Doane Mack, does not survive the testatrix.\nItem Six contains the following quoted provisions:\n\u201cItem Six: All of the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, I give, devise, and bequeath to the First Union National Bank of North Carolina as Trustee, in trust for the following uses and purposes and upon the following conditions:\n\u201cA. I direct my Trustee to hold the trust principal during a trust term to be measured as follows:\n(1) If my daughter, Anne Doane Mack, survives me by as much as ten years, then in that event my trust shall terminate on the tenth anniversary of my death.\n(2) If my daughter, Anne Doane Mack, does not survive me by as much as ten years, then in that event this Trust shall terminate on the date upon which the youngest child, either natural or adopted, of Anne Doane Mack, surviving me, lives to attain the age of 21 years or would have attained that age if such child dies during the trust term.\u201d\nOther portions (B, C, D and E) of Item Six prescribed the authority and duty of the trustee in respect of (1) the disbursement of income, (2) the disbursement of corpus to meet emergency needs, (3) the investment of assets of the trust, and (4) the disbursement of the principal and accumulated income upon termination of the trust.\nItem Seven contains the provisions by which the testatrix appointed Mr. Ervin as her executor.\nAnne Doane Mack survived Cleora C. Doane. Mrs. Mack, throughout 1964 and 1965, \u201cwas not a resident or domiciliary of North Carolina.\u201d\nPaul R. Ervin, as executor, filed North Carolina Intangibles Tax Returns for 1964 and 1965. In his 1964 return, he listed shares of corporate stocks having a taxable value of $261,254.34 as of December 31,1964, and paid taxes thereon in the amount of $653.14. In his 1965 return, he reported shares of stock having a taxable value of $288,357.35 as of December 31, 1965, and paid taxes thereon of $720.89.\nThe shares of stock listed in these 1964 and 1965 returns were held by Paul R. Ervin as executor from Mrs. Doane\u2019s death on September 27, 1964, until September, 1966, when one-half was delivered to Mrs. Mack under Item Two (B) and the remaining one-half was delivered to the First Union National Bank as trustee under Item Six.\nFrom the time of his appointment as executor until the delivery of the shares in September, 1966, the estate of Cleora C. Doane was in the active process of administration by Paul R. Ervin, the executor thereof.\nThe record does not include the inventory, annual account (s) or final account, if any, filed by Paul R. Ervin as executor. The record does not show: (1) Whether the shares of stock listed on the executor\u2019s 1964 and 1965 intangibles returns were in excess of the shares delivered by the executor in September, 1966; (2) what dividends, if any, were received by the executor while the corporate stocks were held and controlled by him; (3) the distribution, if any, by the executor of dividends received by him on corporate stocks held and controlled by him prior to September, 1966; and (4) the income tax returns filed and income taxes paid in respect of income received by Mrs. Doane prior to September 27, 1964, and in respect of income received thereafter by the executor.\nOn August 23, 1967, Paul R. Ervin, as executor, filed with the North Carolina Department of Revenue a claim for a refund of the $653.14 and of the $720.89 he had paid as Intangible Personal Property Taxes for the years 1964 and 1965, respectively, asserting that \u201cthe Estate of Cleora C. Doane was exempt from intangible taxes in that the Executor held the assets of the Estate as a fiduciary domiciled in this State for the benefit of a non-resident beneficiary.\u201d After the initial refusal of the claim, the executor requested a hearing by defendant. In accordance with this request, the matter was heard by defendant on March 27, 1968, and again on April 18, 1968. On April 23, 1968, defendant entered a formal order \u201cthat refund of the intangibles tax paid by Paul R. Ervin, executor for the estate of Cleora C. Doane for the years 1964 and 1965 be refused.\u201d\nIt was stipulated that all necessary \u00e1dministrative procedures preliminary to the bringing of this action were complied with and that all parties were properly before the court.\nAs conclusions of law, Judge Arbuckle held (1) the one-half of the \u201cstocks and bonds\u201d bequeathed in Item Two(B) to Mrs. Mack, a nonresident, were exempt from intangible personal property taxes for the years 1964 and 1965, and (2) that the remaining one-half, bequeathed in Item Six to a testamentary residuary trust, were not exempt therefrom.\nIn the judgment entered by Judge Arbuckle, it was ordered, adjudged and decreed that Paul R. Ervin, as executor of the estate of Cleora C. Doane, recover from defendant $326.57 (one-half of $653.14) with interest from April 5, 1965, and the sum of $360.45 (one-half of $720.89) with interest from April 12, 1966, and that each party pay one-half of the costs of the action.\nEach party excepted to the portion of the judgment adverse to him and appealed therefrom; and, in this Court, each party has filed a brief as appellant and a separate brief as appellee.\nErvin, Horack & McCartha, by James M. Talley, Jr., for plaintiff appellant-appellee.\nAttorney General Morgan and Assistant Attorney General Banks for defendant appellant-appellee."
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